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Terms in this set (75)
Nature vs. nurture and conscious vs. unconscious are considered ______ issues addressed by psychologist
Key
Where is an experimental psychologist most likely to work?
University
A _______ is a degree that requires the completion of original research, whereas a _____ is a degree for those wishing to focus on the treatment of psychological disorders
PhD
PsyD
______ is an historical approach advocated by William James that concentrated on mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individuals adaptation to the environment
Functionalism
Conscious and unconscious is another major question of psychologists, which concerns how much of our _____ is produced by forces of which we are not completely aware
Behavior
5 major perspectives
Neuroscience
Behavioral
Cognitive
Humanistic
Psychodynamic
A behaviorist might study
Learning through conditioning
In the observable behavior vs. internal mental processes debate, which is more important from the cognitive perspective
Internal mental processes
Determinism is the idea that behavior is a reflection of
Factors beyond the control of the individual
Free will is the idea that behavior is a reflexion of
Choices made by the individual
______ are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest
Theories
A ______ is a prediction stemming from a theory that stated in a way that allows it to be tested
Hypothesis
A hypothesis that is restated in a way that allows it to be testable is called
Operational definition
Shari is searching through census documents to determine if there is an increase in the amount of people living in poverty. This is an example of ______ research
Archival
When conducting a naturalistic observation, it is important that the researchers
Not change the situations that they are observing
Deidre is asking a sample of people about their opinions regarding women's rights. This is an example of
Survey research
True or false: case studies often focus on the personality of an individual person or group
True
A psychologist is studying the effects on education level. Height and education level would be considered
Variables
Research that involves determining the associating between two variables or two sets of variables is called ______ research
Correlational
A ______ is an investigation of the relationships between two or more variables by deliberately changing one variable in a controlled situation and observing the effects of that change on other aspects of the situation
Experiment
In an _____ the variable is manipulated by the experimenter
Independent
In an experiment, which variable is measured by the experimenter
Dependent
Random assignment to condition is a procedure where ____ are assigned to either the treatment or control group on the basis of chance
Participants
A _____ outcome is a meaningful result of an experiment as determined by statistical analysis
Significant
You are surprised at the outcome of an experiment which comes out very differently than you had anticipated. You should probably ____ the study to see if you get the same results
Replicate
Determinism is the idea that behavior is a reflection of
Factors beyond the control of the individual
True or false: a disadvantage of theories is they do not provide a unified, coherent framework with which to understand phenomena
False
Which is an important difficulty of conducting survey research that can affect the quality of the conclusions that can be drawn
Finding a representative sample
The results of a ____ study may be based on studying one individual and cannot be easily generalizable to the general population
Case
What would indicate a negative correlation
Amount of time spent at the hospital decreases as the amount of time spent exercising increases
The chance that an experimenter deliberately produces in an experiment is the experimental ______
Manipulation
An experimental group is any group participating in an experiment that received a _____
Treatment
The manipulation implemented by the experimenter is called the _____
Treatment
In an experiment, the group that received no treatment is referred to as the _____ group
Control
The _____ variable is the value being controlled which affects the ______ variable
Independent, dependent
Latente and Darley experiment showed that as the size of the group witnessing an emergency increased, ____ behaviors decreased
Helping
Select four step process incluided in the scientific method
-question of interest
-Formulated expiation
-carried out research
-communicate the findings
In which types of research are a group of people called the sample asked to compete questionares about their thoughts, feelings and behaviors
Survey research
It is hoped that advances in ___ allow psychologists to focus more on prevention of psychological disorders rather than only treatment
Neuroscience
Recent research has found a relationship between body fat and colon cancer in women. This means that
There is a correlation between these variables
The manipulation implemented by the experimenter is called the
Treatment
Researchers must protect the rights of participants. These rights include which of the following?
Privacy
Protection from mental harm
Protection from physical harm
The ____ _____ is the approach used by psychologists to acquire knowledge and increases understanding of studies topics
Scientific method
True or fase: deception in psychology research is not acceptable
False
______ minimizes the risk of harm by telling participants about what to expect before they participate in research
Informed consent
Disadvantage of using college students in research
College students are relatively more homogeneous sample; may not apply to general population
Dr. Langley unintentionally transmits his expectations to his participants in an experiment. What bias is occurring
Experimental bias
If you are a participant in a case study and you think you know how you are supposed to behave this is an example of ____ expectations, whereas an experimenter smiling at you when you do what he or she expects is an example of ______ expectations
Participant, experimenter
Bias is least likely when conducting a study that involves
Both double blind procedure and a placebo y
The control group in a study looking at the effects of a drug on behavior would probably be administered a _____ to make them think beg were getting the druv
Placebo
When considering psychological studies an individual must consider which of the following when assessing whether the results are valid
Are the results due to how the independent variable was manipulated
Do the results fleecy subject or experimenter bias?
A subfield of psychology that studies how the brain and nervous system determine behavior is called
Behavioral neuroscience
If you meet a professor who says she studies how the size of the amygdala (a brain structure) affects a child's tendency to become a bully, in want field of psychology is she likely working
Behavioral neuroscience
In what field of psychology is the following researcher : Dr.White studies the process by which people remember common pieces of info such as name and numbers
Cognitive
A ____ psychologist might study how best to treat schizophrenia
Clinical
A _____ psychologist would most likely be interested in how you are adjusting to college
Counseling
Frank believes that the short temper comes from is family. This approach is an example of _____ psychology
Evolutionary
______ genetics focus on the biological areas of psychology such as genes and chromosomes
Behavioral
_____ neuropsychology focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biology factors
Clinical
Most psychologists work in the _____ settings
Academic
A third of people losing masters degrees in psychology are in ____
Social services
Substance abuse counseling
Teaching
I'm the observable behavior vs. internal mental processes debate, which is more important from the psychodynamic perspective
Internal mental processes
Behavioral perspective suggests that ____ when it comes to determining behavior
Internal mental processes are unimportant
The ____ perspective studies how people and non humans function biologically
Neuroscience
Viewing slips of the tongue as an indicator for a person actual feelings would be considered usage of the ____ perspective
Psychodynamic
Researchers must protect the rights of participants. These rights include
Protection from physical and mental harm, privacy
Each theoretical perspective has a position on nature vs. nurture. Which would emphasize nurture
Humanistic and behavioral
Someone taking the nature side of nature vs. nurture debate is arguing for the importance of
Inheritance
Philosopher ____ believed that the human mind is a blank slate, whereas ____ believed some knowledge is inborn
John Locke, Rene Descartes
Who was associated with the gestalt movement
Max Wertheimer
Unlike other psychological perspectives, humanism focuses on
Growth and control
The _____ perspective focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world
Cognitive
Unlike behavioral neuroscience, ___ neuroscience is a field that uses brain scans and other methods to understand interpersonal dynamics
Social
What is the major reason researchers sometimes prefer to use animals as opposed to human Im psychological research
The shorter lifespan makes it easier to study he affects of aging
If you take a class in personality psychology, which of the following topics is most likely to come up?
The influence of conscientiousness on grades
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