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Human Growth and Development
Terms in this set (45)
Lucia is 14 years old. What developmental stage is Lucia in?
adolescence
During the adolescent growth spurt, boys and girls show significant increases in height. What is the average increase in a year for boys and girls respectively?
4.1 inches and 3.5 inches
There are great individual differences in the timing of puberty, but on average girls and boys enter puberty, respectively, at what ages?
11-12 and 13-14
The age of menarche varies according to all of the following factors EXCEPT ____________________.
sexual activity
Since the 19th century, the age of menarche in the U.S. has been undergoing a secular trend. What is the average age of menarche today, and what was it a century ago?
11-12 today and 14-15 a century ago
Adolescents often have emotional reactions to the physical changes occurring in their bodies. For example, among U.S. girls today, menarche is typically accompanied by ____________________.
increased self-esteem
Palma is an early-maturer, and the rest of her friends are late-maturers. According to the text, which statement is most likely to be TRUE about Palma's experience?
She will endure ridicule from her less mature classmates
Which of the following is the term for a severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance, which may become skeletal, are out of the ordinary?
anorexia nervosa
What percentage of adolescents is considered overweight?
20%
This area of the brain goes through significant development during the adolescent years, and is not fully developed until around the early 20s.
prefrontal cortex
If a person is called or known as a "garbage head," that means that the person ____________________.
will try anything, especially any kind of drug
_______ of eighth graders say they have been drunk at least once in their lives.
About 20%
Virginia assumed that because she saw a few conspicuous examples of alcohol use on campus, everyone was drinking. This is known as the _____________ effect.
false consensus
Of the various sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the most deadly is _______, and the most common is _______.
AIDS; HPV
The only foolproof method of avoiding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is ____________________.
abstinence from sexual intercourse
According to Piaget, the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly is called the ________ stage.
formal operational
Given the statement "If you hit a glass with a feather, the glass will break," and the information "Debbie hit a glass with a feather," what type of thinking will a child need to use to answer the question, "What happened to the glass?"
propositional thinking
While Piaget proposed that formal operational thought is not fully settled in until around 15 years of age, evidence suggests that some people never fully employ formal operational thinking. Studies show that only _____ of college students and adults achieve formal operational thinking.
40-60%
How does the culture in which they are raised affect how adolescents use formal operations?
If everyday life does not require or promote a certain type of reasoning, it is not likely that people will use such reasoning when confronting a problem
Adolescents' general intelligence is measured by ____________________.
traditional IQ tests
Fifteen-year-old Luther is a good judge of how much time he will need to study for a test. He is also a good judge of how well he has learned material. This demonstrates Luther's ____________________.
metacognitive ability
Fifteen-year-old Ashley was very upset when her parents refused to let her spend a weekend at the beach with her friends. She believed that no one had ever been treated this badly, no one had ever experienced the hurt she felt, and no one could understand what she was going through. Ashley's reaction is an example of ____________________.
a personal fable
Which scenario best exemplifies the concept of imaginary audience?
Maria believes that everyone is staring at her pimple while she sits in class
Freddie tends to see the world in terms of how it affects him. When his father was sick, he worried about how he would get to baseball practice. Freddie is exhibiting ____________________.
egocentrism
Tasha does not worry about drinking and driving because in her ________ she is a careful driver, always in control.
personal fable
In 2005, approximately what percent of seniors reported average grades of A+ to A-?
40%
Over the past decade, independent measures of achievement, such as SAT scores, have not risen, but overall grades in school have risen significantly. The most likely explanation for this is that ____________________.
instructors have become more lenient, awarding higher grades for the same performance, a phenomenon known as grade inflation.
Data on school achievement indicate significant disparities among ethnic and racial groups. Which of the following groups is likely to demonstrate the greatest academic achievement?
Asian American
The No Child Left Behind Act, passed by Congress in 2002, requires that every ____________________.
U.S. state design and administer achievement tests that students must pass in order to graduate from high school.
Dropping out of high school has economic consequences. What is the unemployment rate for high school dropouts, and how much do they earn compared with high school graduates?
50% unemployment; 42% less earnings
Compared with younger children, adolescents are more likely to use a _______ perspective when describing their self-concepts.
psychological
Girls' self-esteem tends to be more concerned with _______ than boys' self-esteem.
physical appearance
Some developmentalists have considered the combination of race and gender as simultaneously affecting an adolescent's self-esteem. They refer to this as ____________________.
ethgender
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding self-esteem during adolescence?
Adolescents of higher socioeconomic status (SES) have higher self-esteem than those of lower SES, particularly in middle and later adolescence
According to critics, Erik Erikson's perspective toward identity development is biased because it ____________________.
is based on male-oriented concepts of individuality and competitiveness
Which of the following U.S. societal views holds that individual cultural identities should be assimilated into a unified culture?
cultural assimilation model
Which of the following statements concerning depression in adolescents is accurate?
An adolescent who experiences the death of a loved one or grows up with an alcoholic or depressed parent is at higher risk for depression
Adolescents seek _______, defined as independence and a sense of control over their lives.
autonomy
The balance of power in the relationship between parents and the adolescent tends to become more _______ toward the end of adolescence.
balanced and egalitarian
Fourteen-year-old Janie and her parents are deeply divided in their attitudes, values, aspirations, and world views. This illustrates a phenomenon known as the ____________________.
generation gap
Adolescents and their peers provide each other with opportunities to engage in _______, a process of comparing and evaluating opinions, abilities, and physical changes in ways that parents and other adults cannot provide.
social comparison
At Springfield Middle School, some students are considered "nerds" and others are considered "jocks." Each of these is an example of a ____________________.
crowd
As they grow more confident of their own decisions, adolescents become less likely to conform to ____________________.
pressure from both peers and parents
Adolescents who are gay or lesbian find it difficult to date because of all the following EXCEPT ____________________.
They do not fully accept or understand their own sexuality or sexual preference.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the pregnancy rate of teenagers is _______ births per 1,000.
43
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Verified questions
PSYCHOLOGY
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: "Parents in conflict should remain together for the sake of the children"? Provide evidence to support your position.
Verified answer
PSYCHOLOGY
Match the term below with its correct definition. depressant A. breathing interruption that occurs during sleep B. the inability to sleep C. drug that increases the activity of the nervous system D. drug that slows the activity of the nervous system E. a system that provides information about something happening in the body F. sleep stage characterized by irregular breathing increased blood pressure, and faster heart rate G. method some people use to try to narrow their consciousness so that stresses of the outside world fade away H. a state of consciousness in which a person's sense of self or sense of the world changes I. awareness of things inside and outside ourselves J. the removal of a harmful substance from the body K. after a person takes a drug for a while, the body craves it to feel normal L. a feeling of great happiness or well-being
Verified answer
QUESTION
Which of the following illustrates a heuristic? a. Calculating the area of a rectangle by multiplying the length times the width. b. Using three dramatic news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how often business fraud occurs. c. Looking in each room of your home to find your sleeping cat. d. Following a new recipe to bake a cake for your friend. e. Trying every key on your mom's key ring until you find the one that unlocks the seldom-used storeroom in the basement.
Verified answer
QUESTION
After seeing a news story about a kidnapping, we are more afraid of kidnapping, even though it is a very rare occurrence. Which of the following is the term for this phenomenon? a. Intuition insight. b. Confirmation bias. c. Belief perseverance. d. Mental set. e. Availability heuristic.
Verified answer
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