Fatty acid synthesis begins with a preparatory step in which ACETYL COA is transferred from MITOCHONDRIA to the CYTOPLASM. However, it cannot pass through the membrane, so it is transported as CITRATE, which is cleaved to ACETYL COA and OAA. In the cytosol, acetyl CoA is converted to MALONYL COA, a three-carbon compound. Fatty acid synthesis begins with the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl CoA to fatty acid synthase. TWO-carbon groups, supplied by MALONYL COA, are added to the growing acyl chain in a series of steps involving condensation, REDUCTION, and dehydration reactions. Elongation of the fatty acid chain stops at 16 carbon atoms, after 7 cycles, as the free fatty acid is released.
alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, tyrosine
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