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Terms in this set (48)
Team Process
A term that reflects the different types of activities and interactions that occur within teams and contribute to their ultimate goals. (Team characteristics, like member diversity, task interdependence, team size, and so forth, affect team processes.) (Team processes, in turn, have a strong impact on team effectiveness.)
Process Gain
Getting more from the team than you would expect according to the capabilities of its individual members.
Process Loss
Getting less from the team than you would expect based on the capabilities of its individual members.
Coordination Loss
Consumes time and energy that could otherwise be devoted to task activity.
Production Blocking
Occurs when members have to wait on one another before they can do their part of the team task.
Motivational Loss
The loss in team productivity that occurs when team members do not work as hard as they could.
Social Loafing
Happens when members exert less effort when working on team tasks than they would if they worked alone on those same tasks.
Taskwork Processes
The activities of team members that relate directly to the accomplishment of team tasks.
Creative Behavior
Activities are focused on generating novel and useful ideas and solutions.
Brainstorming
Involves face-to-face meeting of team members in which each offers as many ideas as possible about some focal problem or issue.
Nominal Group Technique
Similar to a traditional brainstorming session, but it makes people write down ideas on their own, thereby decreasing social loafing and production blocking.
IDEO's Secrets for Brainstorming (Picture)
Decision Making (3)
1. Decision informity
2. Staff Validity
3. Hierarchical Sensitivity
Decision Informity
Reflects whether members possess adequate information about their own task responsibilities.
Staff Validity
Refers to the degree to which members make good recommendations to the leader.
Hierarchical Sensitivity
Reflects the degree to which the leader effectively weighs the recommendations of the members.
Boundary Spanning (3)
1. Ambassador Activities
2. Task Coordinator Activities
3. Scout Activities
Ambassador Activities
Refer to communications that are intended to protect the team, persuade others to support the team, or obtain important resources for the team.
Task Coordinator Activities
Involve communications that are intended to coordinate task-related issues with people or groups in other functional areas.
Scout Activities
Refer to things team members do to obtain information about technology, competitors, or the broader marketplace.
Taskwork Processes (Diagram)
Teamwork Processes
Refer to the interpersonal activities that facilitate the accomplishment of the team's work but do not directly involve task accomplishments itself. (Behaviors that create the setting or context in which taskwork can be carried out.) (Transition processes, action processes, interpersonal processes)
Transition Processes
Teamwork activities that focus on preparation for future work. (Mission analysis, strategy formulation, goal specification)
Action Processes
Important as the taskwork is being accomplished. (Monitoring progress toward goals, coordination)
Interpersonal Processes
Are important before, during, or in between periods of taskwork.
Motivating and Confidence Building
Refers to things team members do or say that affect the degree to which members are motivated to work hard on the task.
Conflict Management
Involves activities that the team uses to manage conflicts that arise in the course of its work.
Relationship Conflict
Refers to disagreements among team members in terms of interpersonal relationships or incompatibilities with respect to personal values or preferences.
Task Conflict
Refers to disagreements among members about the team's tasks
Teamwork Processes (Diagram)
Team States
Refer to specific types of feelings and thoughts that coalesce in the minds of team members as a consequence of their experience working together. (Cohesion, potency, mental models, transactive memory.)
Cohesion
Happens when members of teams develop strong emotional bonds to other members of their team and to the team itself.
Groupthink
Happens in highly cohesive teams when members may try to maintain harmony by striving toward consensus on issues without ever offering, seeking, or seriously considering alternative viewpoints and perspectives.
Potency
Refers to the degree to which members believe that the team can be effective across a variety of situations and tasks.
High Potency
Members are confident that their team can perform well, and as consequence, they focus more on their energy on achieving team goals. (Team members' confidence in their own capabilities, their trust in other members' capabilities, and feedback about past performance play a role in developing high potency.)
Mental Models
Refer to the level of common understanding among team members with regard to important aspects of the team and its task.
Transactive Memory
Refers to how specialized knowledge is distributed among members in a manner that results in an effective system of memory for the team.
Team States (Diagram)
Overall Team Look (Diagram)
Transportable Teamwork Competences
Taken together, knowledge, skills and abilities
Knowlege, Skills, and Abilities for Teamwork (Diagram)
Cross-Training
Involves training members in the duties and responsibilities of their teammates.
Personal Clarification
Happens when members simply receive information regarding the roles of the other team members.
Positional Modeling
Involves team members observing how other members perform their roles
Positional Rotation
Gives members actual experience carrying out the responsibilities of their teammates.
Team Process Training
Occurs in the context of a team experience that facilitates the team being able to function and perform more effectively as an intact unit.
Action Learning
Happens when a team is given a real problem that is relevant to the organization and then held accountable for analyzing the problem, developing an action plan, and finally carrying out the action plan. (A second type of team process training involves experience in a team context when there are task demands that highlight the importance of effective teamwork processes.)
Team Building
Training is intended to facilitate the development of team processes related to goal setting, interpersonal relations, problem solving, and role clarification. (i.e. ropes course, laser tag, paint ball, scavenger hunts)
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