Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
- Click Sign in through your institution.
- Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.
- When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account.
- Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
- Click Sign in through society site.
- When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account.
- Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
- View your signed in personal account and access account management features.
- View the institutional accounts that are providing access.
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.
________: A favourable or unfavourable evaluative reaction towards something or someone
Social psychologists measure ___________ attitudes
_____________ _____________ test: uses reaction times to measure how quickly people associate concepts
Implicit association test
Principle of _____________ : the effects of an attitude become more apparent when we look at a person's aggregate or average behaviour than when we consider isolated acts
attitude predicts behaviour better when the _______ is potent
Making people ____-_______ promotes consistency between words and deeds
Our social ____ can affect our attitudes and behaviours
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request is known as what?
The foot in the door phenomenon
Actions and ___________ feed each other, even to the point of moral numbness
Moral actions affect moral ____________
What three theories attempt to explain how behaviour can affect attitudes:
- ___-_________ theory
- C__________ __________ theory
- S____ __________ theory
Self-presentation theory; cognitive dissonance theory; self-perception theory
____-________ theory assumes that for strategic reasons we express attitudes that make us appear consistent
_____________ ______________ theory assumes that to reduce discomfort, we justify our actions to ourselves
_______-_____________ theory assumes that our actions are self-revealing
Insufficient ___________: reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one's behaviour when external justification is insufficient
____-_________ theory: The theory that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them much as would someone observing us, by looking at our behaviour and the circumstances under which it occurs
_________________ effect: The result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing
over justification effect
Do anticipated or unanticipated rewards decrease intrinsic interest in a task?
Cognitive dissonance theory explains attitude ________; while self-perception theory explains attitude __________
______________; The process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes and behaviours
How many pathways to persuasion are there?
Two; the central route and the peripheral route
The __________ route of persuasion occurs when interested when focus on the arguments and response with favourable thoughts
The ____________ route to persuasion occurs when people are included by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness
_________ route persuasion can lead to more enduring change than does the ___________ route
Are attitudes relatively permanent?
Are attitudes relatively functional and generalisable?
______ ____________ effect: number of times exposed to an object influences evaluation of object
Does the mere exposure effect occur if the original stimulus is disliked?
No, it needs to be rewarding
Can classical conditioning lead to attitude formation?
_____-__________: we infer our own attitudes from our freely chosen behaviours
____-______ theory occurs when attitudes are weak, newly formed, and ambiguous
A ________ scale is a good self-report measure of attitudes
__________ Association Test: Reaction time to test measure of automatic attitudes
Implicit Association Test
The more specific the _________ the better chance of a subsequent behaviour
Is self-awareness a determinant of attitude - behaviour relationship?
________ justification: Inconsistency experience when a large effort is made to achieve a modest goal
Induced _____________: inconsistency experienced when a person is persuaded to behave in a way contrary to their attitude
Can changing our perception of a behaviour reduce dissonance?
Three variables that affect Persuasion:
1 : Communicator or _________ (who)
2 Communication or ___________ (what)
3: _______________ ( to whom )
source; message; audience
Presenting the communication as an e________, can lead to better persuasion
____________ processing: process message more carefully, pay more attention
____________ processing - pay less attention, use cognitive shortcuts
___________ - negative reaction to efforts of others to limit our personal freedom
The effects of source credibility diminish after a ______ or so
__________ effect: A delayed impact of a message that occurs when an initially discounted message becomes effective, as we remember the message but forget the reason for discounting it
Speech _____ affects a speaker's apparent trustworthiness and subsequent persuasive ability
People respond better to a message that comes from someone in their _____
Fear-framed messages work better when trying to prevent a _____ outcome that when trying to promote a ____ outcome
Recency effects are less common that _________ effects
Compliance breeds _________ in cults
Successful cults usually have a __________ leader