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Terms in this set (30)
By the time a child reaches the age of __________, the size relationship between her or his head and the rest of her or his body becomes quite similar to that of an adult.
Six
The __________ grows at a faster rate than does any other part of the body.
Brain
Brain __________, in which certain functions are located more in one hemisphere than in the other, becomes more pronounced during the preschool years.
Lateralization
The protective insulation that surrounds parts of neurons, called __________, may be related to preschoolers' growing cognitive abilities.
Myelin
__________ produce intense physiological arousal and cause a child to wake up in a state of panic.
Night terrors
__________ is body weight that is more than 20 percent above the average weight for a child of a given age.
Obesity
__________ is the most frequent major illness that afflicts preschoolers.
Cancer
The greatest wellness risk that preschoolers face comes not from illness but from __________.
Accidents
Parents who were themselves abused as children, and who then go on to abuse their children, are examples of the __________ hypothesis.
Cycle of violence
__________ is the ability to overcome circumstances that place a child at high risk for psychological or physical damage.
Resilience
Examples of __________ skills include learning how to tie one's shoelaces, playing the piano, and using a fork and spoon.
Fine motor
Examples of __________ skills include hopping, jumping a distance, and climbing stairs.
Gross motor
Children generally have no bladder or bowel control before the age of __________ months, and only slight control for six months after that.
12
By the end of the preschool years, most children show __________, which is a clear preference for using one hand over the other.
Handedness
The stage of artistic expression include scribbling, shape, design, and the __________ stage.
Pictorial
Developmentalists define the preschool period as ages __________.
three to six years
How does the brain weight of an average 5-year old child compare to the brain weight of an adult?
The child's brain weight is about 90% of the adult's brain weight.
Rita and Don are watching their four-year old son Jacob play. Rita thinks Jacob is "left-brained," and Don thinks he is "right-brained." Although these terms are not scientifically valid, Rita and Don are referring to the __________ of the brain.
Lateralization
Why does providing free breakfast and lunch to low-income children in preschool make sense?
Their developing brains and bodies require good nutrition.
Myelin insulates parts of the __________ in the brain.
Neurons
Lateralization of brain functions does not strictly follow universal principles; it can vary according to __________
Gender and handedness
The cycle of violence hypothesis focuses on __________.
Physical abuse across family generations
Marques is 10 years old and lives with his single mother, who struggles to make ends meet. Despite living in a neighborhood filed with crime and attending a school with poor educational outcomes, Marquez is well-behaved and is a great student. Marques is an example of a __________ child.
Resilient
On average, what percentage of children experience night terrors?
1 to 5 percent
Which of the following is not appropriate for a preschooler's diet?
Foods high in sugar
From age 3 to age 5, a child has __________ minor respiratory illnesses each year.
seven to ten
What is the most hazardous environmental threat to the health of children under age six?
Lead poisoning
What accounts for the greatest improvement in the gross motor skills of a five-year old child?
Greater muscle control
What likely accounts for the rise in average age of toilet training over the past several decades?
Social emphasis on child readiness
What is the first stage of a child's artistic development?
Scribbling
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