A personality trait that measures the ability to adjust behavior to external situational factors

an outgoing, socially confident person.

the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others

Measuring Personality, why?

The most important reason managers need to know how to measure personality is that research has shown personality tests are useful in hiring decisions and help managers forecast who is best for a job

refers to factors determined at conception. Physical stature, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms are generally considered to be either completely or substantially influenced by who your parents are—that is, by their biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup.

Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.

The following are the Big Five factors:1-3

Extraversion: The extraversion dimension captures our comfort level with relationships. Agreeableness: The agreeableness refers to: individual’s propensity to defer to others. Conscientiousness: The conscientiousness dimension is a measure of reliability.

The following are the Big Five factors:4-5

emotional stability: The emotional stability dimension often labeled by its converse, neuroticism taps a person’s ability to withstand stress. Openness to experience: The openness to experience dimension addresses range of interests and fascination with novelty.

Bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person

degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.

The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.

A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.

Some people just naturally seem to think about other people a lot, being concerned about their well-being and feelings. Those who are other-oriented feel more obligated to help others who have helped them

Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.

value system A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of their intensity.

terminal values Desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime

instrumental values Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values.

Rokeach Value Survey Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS)

It consists of two sets of values, each containing 18 individual value items: Terminal values, Instrumental Values

personality–job fit theory

Holland presents six personality types and proposes that satisfaction and the propensity to leave a position depend on how well individuals match their personalities to a job.

The key points of Personality-jobfit model are that

1) there do appear to be intrinsic differences in personality among individuals, (2) there are different types of jobs, and (3) people in jobs congruent with their personality should be more satisfied and less likely to voluntarily resign than people in incongru- ent jobs. 

The person–organization fit essentially argues that people are attracted to and selected by organizations that match their values, and they leave organizations that are not compatible with their personalities.

A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

A national culture attribute that describes the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups.

A national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.

A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control. Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism

A national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; a high rating indicates that women are treated as the equals of men in all aspects of the society.

A national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence.

A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them.

A national culture attribute that emphasizes the past and present, respect for tradition, and fulfillment of social obligations.

What is the ability to adjust behavior to external situational factors?

Is a personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior according to external situational factors?

Which of the following are examples of situational factors?

Is the part of an attitude that refers to an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something?