Health EducationElaine Auld, Stephen F. GambesciaLAST REVIEWED: 04 October 2016LAST MODIFIED: 23 February 2011DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199756797-0044IntroductionHealth education is defined as “any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary actions conducive to health” (Green and Kreuter 2005). Although the history of health education dates back to the 19th century, it was not until the 1940s that the field began evolving as a distinct discipline. Over time, health education’s theory and practice base have broadened from focusing on one-to-one and mass media behavioral interventions to encompass responsibility for policies, systems, and environments that affect population health. In the early 21st century, the terms health education and health promotion (i.e., the latter including an ecological approach) are often used interchangeably in the United States, while internationally health promotion is used as an overarching concept that includes health education. Health education is considered a mature profession given that it has developed a discrete body of knowledge, defined competencies, a certification system for individuals, a code of ethics, a federal occupational classification, and recognized accreditation processes in higher education. Health education is generally aligned with the behavioral and social sciences as one of the core dimensions of public health study and practice. Additionally, the field draws from theories and models from education, health studies, communications, and other diverse areas. The unique combination of these knowledge areas forms the basis for health education competencies. Health educators employ a core set of competencies, regardless of the diverse practice settings in which they work (i.e., schools, universities, health departments, community-based organizations, health-care settings, worksites, and international organizations). This bibliography is organized around major areas of health education practice, such as assessing, planning, implementing, managing, and evaluating health education or health promotion programs, services, and interventions. It includes historical and philosophical foundations, and development of its professionalism and ethics. The discipline embraces both qualitative and quantitative methods, community-based participatory research, health communication and social marketing principles, and policy and media advocacy to accomplish program objectives. Health educators are stalwarts in the fight for social justice and believe that the health of a population should be a priority in any society. Show
Definition and Scope of PracticeThe definition and scope of health education have evolved since the 1950s, particularly in relation to improved understanding of behavioral and socio-ecological influences on health. The early definition of health education in Griffiths 1972 primarily emphasized the provision of learning experiences to promote voluntary changes to individual health. Subsequent work in Robertson and Minkler 1994, Schwartz, et al. 1995, and Downie, et al. 1996 provides a broader context of health education in relation to policy, systems, and environmental changes inherent in the practice of health promotion and related philosophies. Taub, et al. 2009 provides a concise overview of how the terms health education and health promotion are used differently in the early 21st century in the United States versus internationally, due to historical, cultural, and political considerations. Gold and Miner 2002 and Modeste, et al. 2004 provide good sources of contemporary definitions for many other terms, which is especially important due to the eclectic base from which health education draws.
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Down Which of the following describes the relationship between health education and health promotion?Which of the following best describes the relationship between health promotion and health education? Health promotion includes health education and the environmental factors that influence health behaviors.
What is the relationship between health education and health promotion quizlet?Health education: focused on learning experiences whereas health promotion is a combination of education, political, environmental, regulatory, or organizational mechanisms contributing to the health of individuals.
What term describes the relationships and structures within a community that promote cooperation for mutual benefit?Relationships and structures within a community that promote cooperation for mutual benefit describes: community organizing.
What term is given to the process whereby people gain mastery over their lives and therefore the lives of their communities?In this perspective, empowerment plays a central role. Empowerment can be defined as “a process by which people, organizations, and communities gain mastery over issues of concern to them” (Rappaport 1987, p. 122).
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Health education and health promotion are terms that can be used interchangeably
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