In which method of research independent variable is manipulated to observe and measure its effects on dependent variable?

In which method of research the independent variable is manipulated to observe and measure its effect on dependent variable?

1. Ex-post facto method
2. Experimental method
3. Case study method
4. Historical method

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Experimental method

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Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines.

In the experimental method of research, the independent variable is manipulated to observe and measure its effect on the dependent variable.

Experimental Method:

• Experimental research is research conducted with a scientific approach using two sets of variables.
• The first set acts as a constant, which you use to measure the differences of the second set.
• A variable is a changeable element in phenomena.
• Variables are divided into two types: Dependent Variable and Independent Variable.
• An Independent Variable is an experimental variable, which is manipulated in an experiment. It is also known as a causal variable.
• Dependent Variable is a subject variable associated with the control group. This is also known as the effect or criterion variable.
• Most importantly, experimental research is completed in a controlled environment.
• The researcher collects data and results will either support or reject the hypothesis.
• This method of research is referred to a hypothesis testing or a deductive research method. 
• After completing an experimental research study, a correlation between a specific aspect of an entity and the variable being studied is either supported or rejected. 

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

1. Ex-Post Facto Method: The ex-post facto research is a kind of research in which the researcher predicts the possible causes behind an effect that has already occurred. 

2. Case Study Method: A case study is a research methodology that has commonly been used in social sciences. A case study is a research strategy and an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context. 

3. Historical Method: Historical research is “the systematic collection and objective evaluation of data related to past occurrences in order to test hypotheses concerning causes, effects, or trends of those events which may help to explain present events and anticipate future events” (Gay, 1981, p. 432). 

Which method of research is the independent variable?

What is the variable that measures the effect of a manipulated variable?

What are the independent variables The variables that were manipulated by the researcher?

What variable measures the effects of the independent variable?