The difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli

absolute thresholdminimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the timeafterimagecontinuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulusamplitudeheight of a wavebasilar membranethin strip of tissue within the cochlea that contains the hair cells which serve as the sensory receptors for the auditory systembinaural cuetwo-eared cue to localize soundbinocular cuecue that relies on the use of both eyes binocular disparityslightly different view of the world that each eye receivesblind spotpoint where we cannot respond to visual information in that portion of the visual fieldbottom-up processingsystem in which perceptions are built from sensory inputclosure organizing our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of partscochleafluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells of the auditory systemcochlear implantelectronic device that consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode array to directly stimulate the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brainconductive hearing lossfailure in the vibration of the eardrum and/or movement of the ossiclesconespecialized photoreceptor that works best in bright light conditions and detects colourcongenital deafnessdeafness from birthcongenital insensitivity to pain (congenital analgesia)genetic disorder that results in the inability to experience paincorneatransparent covering over the eyedeafnesspartial or complete inability to heardecibel (dB)logarithmic unit of sound intensitydepth perceptionability to perceive depthelectromagnetic spectrumall the electromagnetic radiation that occurs in our environmentfigure-ground relationshipsegmenting our visual world into figure and groundfoveasmall indentation in the retina that contains conesfrequencynumber of waves that pass a given point in a given time periodGestalt psychologyfield of psychology based on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its partsgood continuation(also, continuity) we are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lineshair cellauditory receptor cell of the inner earhertz (Hz)cycles per second; measure of frequencyinattentional blindnessfailure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attentionincusmiddle ear ossicle; also known as the anvilinflammatory painsignal that some type of tissue damage has occurredinteraural level differencesound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the headinteraural timing differencesmall difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each eaririscoloured portion of the eyejust noticeable differencedifference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimulikinaesthesiaperception of the body’s movement through spacelenscurved, transparent structure that provides additional focus for light entering the eyelinear perspectiveperceive depth in an image when two parallel lines seem to convergemalleusmiddle ear ossicle; also known as the hammerMeissner’s corpuscletouch receptor that responds to pressure and lower frequency vibrations Ménière’s diseaseresults in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and an increase in pressure within the inner earMerkel’s disktouch receptor that responds to light touchmonaural cueone-eared cue to localize sound monocular cuecue that requires only one eyeneuropathic painpain from damage to neurones of either the peripheral or central nervous systemnociceptionsensory signal indicating potential harm and maybe painolfactory bulb bulb-like structure at the tip of the frontal lobe, where the olfactory nerves beginolfactory receptorsensory cell for the olfactory systemopponent-process theory of colour perceptioncolour is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, and red-greenoptic chiasm X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain’s ventral surface; represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes and the separation of information from the two sides of the visual field to the opposite side of the brainoptic nervecarries visual information from the retina to the brainPacinian corpuscletouch receptor that detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrationspattern perceptionability to discriminate among different figures and shapespeak(also, crest) highest point of a waveperceptionway that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experiencedperceptual hypothesiseducated guess used to interpret sensory informationpheromonechemical message sent by another individualphotoreceptorlight-detecting cellpinnavisible part of the ear that protrudes from the headpitchperception of a sound’s frequencyplace theory of pitch perceptiondifferent portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequenciesprinciple of closureorganize perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of partsproprioceptionperception of body positionproximitythings that are close to one another tend to be grouped togetherpsychophysicsbranch of psychology that studies the effects of physical stimuli on sensory perceptions and mental statespupilsmall opening in the eye through which light passesresponse biasbehavioural tendency to respond “yes”retinalight-sensitive lining of the eyerodspecialized photoreceptor that works well in low light conditionsRuffini corpuscletouch receptor that detects stretchsensationwhat happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptorsensitivitythe true ability of the individual to detect the presence or absence of signalssensorineural hearing lossfailure to transmit neural signals from the cochlea to the brainsensory adaptationnot perceiving stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of timesignal detection analysistechnique used to determine the ability of the perceiver to separate true signals from background noisesimilaritythings that are alike tend to be grouped togetherstapesmiddle ear ossicle; also known as the stirrupsubliminal stimulievents that occur below the absolute threshold and of which we are not conscioustaste budgrouping of taste receptor cells with hair-like extensions that protrude into the central pore of the taste budtemporal theory of pitch perceptionsound’s frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuronethermoception temperature perceptiontimbresound’s puritytop-down processinginterpretation of sensations is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughtstransductionconversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potentialtrichromatic theory of colour perceptioncolour vision is mediated by the activity across the three groups of conestroughlowest point of a wavetympanic membraneeardrumumamitaste for monosodium glutamatevertigospinning sensationvestibular sensecontributes to our ability to maintain balance and body posturevisible spectrumportion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can seewavelengthlength of a wave from one peak to the next peakWeber’s lawthe just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion of the original intensity of the stimulus