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Terms in this set (34)How did the responses to Western imperialism by China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan differ? China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan all were forced by Western powers to sign unequal treaties or capitulations, but Japan eventually was able to renegotiate its treaties in its favor. To what extent was the policy of Qianlong a continuity in the interactions between China and those it perceived to be outsiders? It was a continuity of China's history of restriction of outsiders from having large amounts of influence on China What were the causes of the massive peasant rebellions in nineteenth-century China? Having a huge population boom with agriculture unable to keep up. Also, unemployment, impoverishment, misery, and starvation. The bureaucracy did not grow to keep up with the population so it could not handle important problems effectively. To what extent were the causes of 19th century peasant rebellions similar to those that led to the loss of the Mandate of Heaven in earlier Chinese dynasties? Both were caused by large differences between people of different classes of people not feeling that they were being fairly treated Analyze the internal and external factors that led to the Taiping Uprising Hong Xiuquan and class differences To what extent were the causes and results of the Taiping Uprising similar to those of the rebellions during the Atlantic Revolutions? The Atlantic Revolutions were commonly caused by major class differences in societies like the cause for the Taiping Uprising. What was a major turning point that led to China's decline in the 19th century? The opium wars What was the role of opium in British trade with China? Throughout the nineteenth century, opium imports created a massive addiction problem in China. Not until the early twentieth century did the British prove willing to curtail the opium trade from their Indian colony. To what extent did actions by outsiders lead to significant changes in China during the nineteenth century? Action like unequal treaties from eroded China's independence by the end of the 19th century along with the Opium War. To what extent was the European presence in Asia different from the European presence in Africa in the 19th century? As China was reeling from massive internal upheavals during the nineteenth century, it also faced external assaults from Russia, Japan, and various European powers. By the end of the century, large parts of China were divided into spheres of influence, each affiliated with one of the major industrial powers of the day. Compare the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century with China during the same era Neither Qing China or the Ottoman Empire fell under colonial rule. But, both came out on the losing end of a changing global order led by Europeans and were given "unequal treaties" by the Europeans. What geographic features made the weakened Ottoman Empire attractive to Russia in the nineteenth century? It was very easy to take over the Ottoman Empire because foreign aggression and nationalist movements had diminish the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century. In what ways does al-Jabarti's language reveal his point of view about the French entry into Cairo? It makes him sound scared of the French destroying and attacking the area that he lived along with its masques. What factors led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century? There were wars beginning from 1853 and going on in the next few decades the debts of the Empire became so much that it was impossible to meet even one half of them. In what ways were China and the Ottoman Empire similarly affected by Western industrialism? Both were given unequal treaties and were taken advantage of by Europeans. What were political and social continuities of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century? It and it's leadership remained mostly Turkish and Muslim How did the Ottoman state respond to internal and external pressures? It created programs of "defensive modernization" What was a element of westernization during the nineteenth century? The invention and railroads that connected people from different cities What were the goals and outcomes of the Tanzimat reforms? Its goals were modernization, centralization, increasing revenue, and forestalling fragmentation and conquest. They led to reforms in Ottoman society that improved it economically but was short lived for only a few decades. To what extent were the goals of various groups in the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century similar? Many wanted to preserve the state against European aggression To what extent were the reforms and failures of the Young Ottomans similar to those of the rebels in Russia in 1825? Both wanted to massively change their societies so that they could be improved and more prosperous but their societies didn't benefit much in the long term Give an example of something that reflected European Enlightenment ideals during the nineteenth century? An Ottoman-era postcard celebrates the short-lived constitutional period of 1876-1878 and the brief political victory of the Young Ottoman reformers. The country is represented by an unveiled woman being released from her chains, while an angel carries a banner inscribed with the slogan of the French Revolution: liberty, equality, fraternity. In what ways were the declines of the Chinese and the Ottoman empires similar? Both countries had their administrations fall leading to the rise of a new political party and creation of a new nation To what extent were leaders of the shogunate in Japan successful in maintaining traditions in the seventeenth through the early nineteenth centuries? They weren't very successful since many social changes happened across Japanese society that opposed them and Japan kept having major amounts of industrial growth despite shogunate's efforts to freeze Japan's remarkable industrial growth in the late nineteenth century. To what extent was the social and economic status of the merchant class in Japan and China similar? Many of the merchant class prospered when new changes were made to their countries around the nineteenth century To what extent were the factors that led to the downfall of the Tokugawa regime similar to factors that led to the downfall of earlier governments throughout history? Social change and corruption have been very common factors that have led to the decline of many early empires and nations What features reveal Japanese fears about contacts made by the United States? The initial occasion for serious Japanese reflection on the West occurred in 1853-1854, in the context of American commodore Matthew Perry's efforts to "open" Japan to regular commercial relationships with the United States. His nine coal-fired steamships, belching black smoke and carrying a crew of some 1,800 men and more than 100 mounted cannons, became known in Japan as the "black ships." What were the political and social features of the Meiji Restoration The abolition of the feudal system and all feudal class privileges. The enacting of a constitution and formalization of a parliamentary system of government. The formation of a national army. The adoption of universal education. To what extent were Japanese reformers justified in believing their independence was in danger? They were justified because at the time many places around them were being taker over by European imperial powers To what extent did Japan's nineteenth-century transformations result in revolutionary changes? They brought national unity with a national army being created based on conscription from all classes along with the central states and not local authorities collecting the nations taxes. What were the changing attitudes toward gender roles in Japan in the nineteenth century? Many started to believe that women deserved gender equality and advocated for education believing that women should have be able to have gender equality in matters like divorce, marriage, and property rights. To what extent are the elements of this early twentieth-century silk factory different from elements found in a modern factory? Young women were prominent in Japan's emerging textile industry. To what extent did Japan's process of industrialization reflect the process of industrialization in other parts of the world? It reflected how many nations across the world were making significant changes to become stronger economically and socially in their own societies To what extent did Japan's geography create disadvantages for its imperialist policy compared to China or Russia? Japan was isolated and it was harder for it to reach other countries to try to take over. 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What are some of the impacts Europeans had on East Asia?At the end of the nineteenth century, the European presence in East Asia entered a new phase, during which privileged market access was transformed into political, military, and economic dominance. In China, leaseholds ceded in 1898 gave European powers the right of independent territorial administration.
What did Europe take from Asia?Before the Industrial Revolution in the mid-to-late 19th century, demand for oriental goods such as porcelain, silk, spices and tea remained the driving force behind European imperialism. The Western European stake in Asia remained confined largely to trading stations and strategic outposts necessary to protect trade.
Why was trade with Asia so important to European nations?Why was trade with Asia so important to European nations? Asia had highly prized goods that Europe didn't have. Prior to 1497, how were goods transported from India and China to Europe? By a land route through central Asia.
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To what extent was the European presence in Asia different from the European presence in Africa
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