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Get faster at matching terms Terms in this set (69)Which of the following students provides the most widely accepted perspective on word recognition? Irving: "Beginning readers typically use the direct-access route, mature readers typically use the indirect-access route" Which of the following students provides the most accurate statement about neurolinguistics research? Laura: "The left hemisphere handles most language tasks, but the right hemisphere processes some abstract components." Your textbook discussed the research on test anxiety, study skills, and reading comprehension scores in undergraduates. According to this research... Students who have high test anxiety report having poor study skills Leslie is participating in an experiment in which she presses a spacebar on a computer keyboard in order to see one word of a sentence at a time. Her reaction time to process each individual word is measured, this is called... Self-paced reading task Suppose that you are working with an elderly woman who had a stroke. She is looking at her radio, and you ask her if the radio is broken. With great effort she says "not working". Based on this information you would most likely suspect that she has Broca's aphasia Suppose you are walking to your college campus and a stranger ask how to get to the library. Before answering you need to figure out whether the person is familiar with any of the landmarks on campus. Your concern with background information is most relevant for the aspect of language known as Pragmatics Which of the following topics would be most relevant for a psychologist who favors the cognitive- functional approach to language? When kind of cues do listeners pick up on when determining whether a speaker is very enthusiastic about an idea rather than just mildly enthusiastic Compared to writing, speaking is more likely to Use relatively simple syntax According to the research on sentence generation during writing... Hesitant phases tend to alternate with fluent phases What is the most controversial issue concerning bilingualism and age of acquisition? With respect to the mastery of grammar, do people who acquire a second language as adults differ from people who acquire a second language as children? When revising their papers, first-year college students are more likely than expert writers to Approach the revision phase one sentence at a time The term discourse refers to Language units that are more than a sentence in length A sentence that ask someone to do something is called a Directive The concept of common ground was discussed in connection with the social context of speech. Common ground means that... The speakers share somewhat similar information and experiences According to the discussion about the cognitive approach to writing... People often use the visual part of the visuospatial sketchpad when they are trying to define a concrete word How is the concept of a gist relevant when you are planning to speak a sentence? The gist is the overall meaning of a message that we want to convey Chapter 10 described a study in which participants listened to definitions of concrete nouns, and they were asked to produce correct nouns. The participants were more likely to say the correct noun if... Their hand movements were unrestricted The early research and theory on bilingualism... Argued that bilingualism produced a cognitive deficit Chapter 10 examines the relationship between age of acquisition and inability to learn a second language. Before we can draw conclusions about this topic, which of the following questions needs further attention? Do the same findings hold true when the second language is something other than English? In contrast to written language, spoken language is specially likely To require the use of working memory Units of language such as pre-, sound and -s are known as Morphemes In general, the right hemisphere of the brain is more likely than the left hemisphere to emphasize... The interpretation of the emotional tone of a message Chapter 9 discussed Noam Chomsky's theories about language. According to this discussion... Chomsky's theories emphasize that humans have inborn skills in language When readers use the direct-access route to recognizing written words, They recognized a word from the visual stimulus without having to translate first into sound In contrast to spoken language, written language is more likely... To allow re-scanning of the input When you read a section of your cognitive psychology textbook, you read language units that are longer than an isolated paragraph. This kind of language is called... Schemas According to the cognitive-functional approach to language The purpose of language is to convey meaning to other people When processing language, we begin making judgments about what the sentence means before we have heard (or read) the entire sentence. This is referred to as Incremental interpretation What general conclusion can we reach about making inferences during reading? People often make inferences, especially if they have expertise in the topic Caroline gestures rhythmically with her hand while rattling off a list of bones in the human body. Caroline is using... Beat gestures Why is research on language comprehension easier to conduct than research on the language production? It is easier to manipulate a variable that can influence language comprehension than it is to manipulate a variable than can influence language production Suppose that you have a summer job in which you work with both monolingual and bilingual children, although the two groups are otherwise similar. You would expect to find that The bilingual children would usually be better at following complex instructions What can we conclude about age of acquisition and mastery of a second language? The research is not clear-cut, instead the findings seem to depend upon factors such as similarity Jason is an infant whose parents speak English at home. When his parents are at work, Jason stays in a family day care home where all the employees speak only Spanish. Jason is experiencing Simultaneous bilingualism Joan is eating lunch and she says to Brad "Can you pass the salt", Brad replies with "Yes, I can" but doesn't pass the salt. What kind of miscommunication does this brief conversation suggest? A pragmatic problem An english professor has just asked the students in his class to revise their term papers. He is likely to find that Most students will examine only one sentence at a time, checking spelling and grammar A professor looks out at her class and notices that Jackie is falling asleep. She says loudly, "Wouldn't you be more comfortable in your own bed?". The professor is using a kind of directive known as... An indirect request Which of the following students provides the most accurate statement about the specific kind of discourse known as a narrative? Tonya: "In a narrative, a speaker talks for a while without interruption, in order to describe a series of events" According to Dell's explanation, a slip of the tongue occurs because of Interference from an inappropriate sounds that are highly active What can we conclude about the relationship between attitudes and proficiency in a second language? People who are positive toward speakers of a language are likely to learn that language more quickly than those who are neutral or negative about that group When people are solving a problem such as the Elves and Goblins problem in your textbook, they generally avoid... Increasing the difference between the current state and the goal state In problem solving, the term obstacle refers to Restrictions that are encountered in problem solving
In order to understand a problem, you need to understand the underlying meaning. This basic core of a problem is called its Structural features According to the discussion of problem-solving approaches, the hill-climbing heuristics... Is often used if you do not have information on how to reach your goal, so you select the best option at each choice point According to the discussion of creativity... Creative solutions must be novel and useful In problem solving, a method that always produces a problem solution (though not necessarily very efficiently) is known as An algorithm What is the difference between functional fixedness and mental set? Functional fixedness emphasizes the object involved in solving the problem, whereas mental set emphasizes the problem solver's strategies Why is the embodied cognitive approach important when people are trying to solve certain kinds of problems? Your gesture often encourage you to express abstract thoughts and terms Psychologists who support the situated-cognition approach to problem solving would be most likely to emphasize That people often learn to solve a problem in a specific context, and then they cannot transfer it to other situations According to the research on expertise and problem solving Expert problem-solvers are more likely than novices to emphasize structural features in the representation of a problem According to your textbook, cognition is the acquisition, storage, transformation and use of knowledge. Compared to more basic cognitive processes such as working memory, problem solving makes more use of which of... Transformation of knowledge Research on problem isomorphs has demonstrated that... Problem solving often requires peeling away the superficial features of a problem, in order to discover problem isomorphs You would expect a matrix to be a useful problem solving representation when... The information is stable, not changing over time Heather and Tom want to bake some blueberry muffins, but they do not have muffin tin. So Heather takes some soda cans out of the recycling bin, Tom cuts the top 2 inches off each can and used them as bottoms for the muffins. What have they demonstrated? Overcoming functional fixedness According to the research on visual images and problem solving... Visual images often allow problem solvers to select nontraditional solutions for problems Suppose that you have an assignment to write a review of the literature on a topic in cognitive psychology. If you used the means-ends analysis, you would begin by Breaking the problem into parts and then solving each part According to the introduction to the section on problem understanding... Understanding requires a close correspondence between the situation you need to understand and your own internal representation According to the research on mental sets, People may produce inferior problem solutions if they are shown examples of possible solutions before they try to solve the problem Chapter 11 describes the relationship between several personality characteristics and creativity. According to the research by Veena Pradhu and her colleges, students are likely to be more creative if... They are high in intrinsic motivation Why is the concept of base rate important in decisions that involve the representativeness heuristics? People usually don't pay enough attention to base rate when making these decisions When people estimate confidence intervals, they typically... Rely too heavily on the representativeness heuristics Research on the belief-bias effect shows that... Familiar statements often lead people to use "common sense" rather than logical reasoning Heuristics are relevant when we try to answer a reasoning problem because... We often answer reasoning problem by using a heuristic that a conclusion is a "good bet", even if its not always true According to the discussion of the availability heuristics... We use this heuristic when we try to estimate probability by thinking of relevant examples According to the social cognition approach to stereotypes, we form stereotypes primarily... Because of our normal cognitive processes According to the discussion of representativeness... We believe that random-looking outcomes are more likely than orderly-looking outcomes According to the discussion of the confirmation bias in deductive reasoning... The confirmation bias means that people prefer to demonstrate that a hypothesis is true, rather than to demonstrate its false An important difference between reasoning and decision making is that in reasoning We have well-established rules for arriving at conclusions On the classic selection task in conditional reasoning, people work on the problem, "If a card has a vowel on one side, then it has an even number on the other side". Research on variations of this task indicates that... The problem is easier to solve if its describes something concrete, such as drinking age Recommended textbook solutions Myers' Psychology for the AP Course3rd EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 955 solutions Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions Myers' Psychology for AP1st EditionDavid G Myers 313 solutions Psychology: Principles in Practice1st EditionSpencer A. Rathus 1,024 solutions Sets with similar termsCognitive final185 terms SydneRich PSY 260 Final Exam47 terms lyss29 cognitive psych test 499 terms vmgallow Psych 105 Chp 861 terms ddejonck Sets found in the same folderCh. 5 Long-Term Memory90 terms lisbet001 Chapter 357 terms Teah_Segura Chapter 7: Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps78 terms Pei_Lin8 PSY 280- Test One10 terms sunnie_mcclellan Other sets by this creatorCultural and Linguistic Competence: Core Concepts…10 terms vanessa_pineda4 GRE Vocabulary260 terms vanessa_pineda4 Abnormal Psych. Exam #220 terms vanessa_pineda4 EXP4604 EXAM 2 vocab53 terms vanessa_pineda4 Verified questionsPSYCHOLOGY Why does the researcher seem excited by Henry’s brain scan? Verified answer PSYCHOLOGY Explain how excessive anxiety may lead to phobias or panic disorders. Verified answer QUESTION The stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine released from where? a. Parasympathetic nervous system b. Hippocampus c. Brain stem d. Adrenal glands e. Hypothalamus Verified answer QUESTION Believing that aliens are trying to steal her thoughts, Shauna wears a special hat that she designed. Her beliefs represent a. hallucinations. b. thickening cerebral tissue. c. delusions. d. a word salad. e. insufficient dopamine receptors. Verified answer Other Quizlet setsACCT 200 EXAM 2 REVIEW73 terms chann1125 COURS 8: LES TROUBLES DE LA PERSONNALITÉ11 terms quizlette8445694 Autoooo11 terms Sarina_Longhi7 Finance 301 practice exam 1 non math questions25 terms Owen_Vallejo Related questionsQUESTION The tendency to seek a particular goal, the faculty of acting in such a way as to produce certain ends, without foresight of the end, and without previous education in the performance 2 answers QUESTION Memory that refers to one's ability to hold information in conscious attention is called? What affects it? 2 answers QUESTION what are the 2 types of visual receptors 15 answers QUESTION Which are the five mechanisms accounting for forgetting given in your textbook? 15 answers What can we conclude about the relationship between attitudes and proficiency in a second language?What can we conclude about the relationship between attitudes and proficiency in a second language? People who are positive toward speakers of another language are likely to learn that language more quickly than those who are neutral or negative about that group.
What can we conclude about the relationship between a person's age of acquisition of a second language and his or her mastery of grammar quizlet?What can we conclude about the relationship between a person's age of acquisition of a second language and his or her mastery of grammar? the answer depends on the match between the two languages, as well as the amount of education in the second language.
What can we conclude about the accuracy of speech production quizlet?What can we conclude about the accuracy of speech production? Even high-status speakers may produce a large number of speech errors. In discussing the social aspects of language, psycholinguistics researchers sometimes use a metaphor of two people dancing.
What can we conclude about the comparison between experts and non experts with respect to writing?What can we conclude about the comparison between experts and nonexperts, with respect to writing? An expert writer pays more attention to transitions between ideas. Which of the following is true about bilingual individuals? They perform better on concept-formation tasks than monolingual individuals.
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What can we conclude about the relationship between attitudes and proficiency in a second language quizlet?
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