What do we call the tendency to perceive things with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex broken

The process that ocurs when special receptors in the sense organs are activated, allowing various forms of outside stimuli to become neural signals in the brain.

The process of converting outside stimuli, such as light, into neural activity.

Just Noticeable Difference (JND or the Difference Threshold)

The smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50 percent of the time.

The lowest level of stimulation that a person can consciously detect 50 percent of the time the stimulation is present.

Tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchanging information.

Tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging.

The smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected 50 percent of the time it is present is called _________.

just noticeable difference

When receptor cells for the senses are activated, the process called _______ has begun.

You have a piece of candy that you are holding in your mouth. After a while, the candy doesn't taste as strong as it did when you first tasted it. What has happened?

While driving down the road looking for the new restaurant you want to try out, not hearing the clicking of the turn signal you forgot to turn off until one of your friends point it out is likely due to _______.

The change in the thickness of the lens as the eye focuses on objects that are far away or close

Visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina, responsible for non-color sensitivity to low levels of light.

Visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina, responsible for color vision and sharpness of vision.

Area in the retina where the axons of the three layers of retinal cells exit the eye to form the optic nerve, insensitive to light.

The recovery of the eye's sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright lights.

The recovery of the eye's sensitivity to visual stimuli in light after exposure to darkness.

Theory of color vision that proposes three types of cones: red, blue, and green.

Images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed.

Theory of color vision that proposes visual neurons (or groups of neurons) are stimulated by light of one color and inhibited by light of another color.

Which of the following terms refers to the perceived effect of the amplitude of light waves?

Which of the following represents the correct path of light through the eye?

Cornea, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina

If you wanted to locate a dimly lit star better at night, what should you do?

Look off to the side, using the rods in the periphery of the retina.

Which theory of color vision best accounts for afterimages?

All people with color-deficient vision see only in black and white.

Cycles or waves per second, a measurement of frequency.

The visible part of the ear.

Short tunnel that runs from the pinna to the eardrum.

Snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that is filled with fluid.

Bundle of axons from the hair cells in the inner ear.

Psychological experience of sound that corresponds to the frequencies are perceived as higher pitches.

Theory of pitch that states that different pitches are experienced by the stimulation of hair cells in different locations on the organ of Corti.

Theory of pitch that states that pitch is related to the speed of vibrations in the basilar membrane.

Theory of pitch that states that frequencies from about 400 Hz to 4000 Hz cause the hair cells (auditory neurons) to fire in a volley pattern, or take turns in firing.

Which of the following properties of sound would be the most similar to the color or hue of light?

The eardrum is also called the _______.

The ______ theory best explains how we hear sounds above 4000 Hz.

If the bones of the middle ear begin to deteriorate, you will develop _______ hearing impairment.

Olfaction (Olfactory Sense)

Areas of the brain located just above the sinus cavity and just below the frontal lobes that receive information from the olfactory receptor cells.

The body senses consisting of the skin senses, the kinesthetic sense, and the vestibular senses.

The sensations of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.

Sense of the location of body parts in relation to the ground and each other.

The sensations of movement, balance, and body position.

An explanation of motion sickness in which the information from the eyes conflicts with the information from the vestibular senses, resulting in dizziness, nausea, and other physical discomfort.

The receptors on our taste buds work most like _______.

receptor sites on neurons

After some time has passed, you can no longer smell the odor of wet paint that you noticed when you first entered your classroom. What is most likely the reason for this?

You've adapted to the smell, even though it's still there.

Pain sensations in the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints that are carried on large nerve fibers are called _______.

In gate-control theory, substance P _______.

opens the spinal gates for pain

A bowl of gelatin with fruit in it will wiggle more than if it contained no fruit. This is most similar to the way the _______ work.

The method by which the sensations experience at any given moment are interpreted and organized in some meaningful fashion.

The tendency to interpret an object as always being the same actual size, regardless of its distance.

The tendency to interpret the shape of an object as being constant, even when its shape changes on the retina.

The tendency to perceive the apparent brightness of an object as the same even when the light conditions change.

The tendency to perceive objects, or figures, as existing on a background.

Visual illusions in which the figure and ground can be reversed.

The tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping.

The tendency to perceive things that look similar to each other as being part of the same goup.

The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete.

The tendency to perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern.

The tendency to perceive two things that happen lose together in time as being related.

The ability to perceive the world in three dimensions.

Monocular Cues (Pictorial Depth Cues)

Cues for perceiving depth based on one eye only.

Cues for perceiving depth based on both eyes.

The tendency for parallel lines to appear to converge on each other.

Perception that occurs when objects that a person expects to be of a certain size appear to be small and are, therefore, assumed to be much farther away.

The assumption that an object that appears to be blocking part of another object is in front of the second object and closer to the viewer.

Aerial (Atmospheric)Perspective

The haziness that surrounds objects that are farther away from the viewer, causing the distance to be perceived as greater.

The tendency for textured surfaces to appear to become smaller and finer as distance from the viewer increases.

The perception of motion of objects in which close objects appear to move more quickly than objects that are farther away.

As a monocular cue, the brain's use of information about the changing thickness of the lens of the eye in response to looking at objects that are close or far away.

The rotation of the two eyes in their sockets to focus on a single object, resulting in greater convergence for closer objects and lesser convergence if objects are distant.

The difference in images between the two eyes, which is greater for objects that are close and smaller for distant objects.

Illusion of line length that is distorted by inward-turning or outward-turning corners on the ends of the lines, causing lines of equal length to appear to be different.

Perceptual Set (Perceptual Expectancy)

The tendency to perceive things a certain way because previous experiences or expectations influence those perceptions.

The use of preexisting knowledge to organize individual features into a unified whole.

The analysis of the smaller features to build up to a complete perception.

The tendency to perceive a quarter as being round even when it is viewed at an angle is called _______.

A reversible figure, such as the Necker cube, makes use of which principle of perception?

Figure-ground relationships

is a distorted perception of an actual stimulus

Ned found a decaying carcass lying on the beach one day. Looking at the size of the body (which had decomposed quite a bit), Ned decided that it was the body of a sea monster, something like the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. If we know that Ned loves to read about weird, mythical animals, we might expect that he has made an error of perception due to _______.

The first time Joe had to put together a child's bicycle, it took a long time. But several bicycles later, he's a whiz at constructing them. His improved speed and skill can be attributed to _______.

You find that you have to add 1 teaspoon of sugar to a cup of coffee that already has 5 teaspoons of sugar in it to notice the difference in sweetness. If you have a cup of coffee with 10 teaspoons of sugar in it, how many teaspoons would you have to add to notice the difference in sweetness at least half the time?

The process by which the brain stops attending to constant, unchanging information is called:

Which of the following terms refers to the psychological effect of the length of light waves?

Which of the following is responsible for controlling how much light enters the eye?

Which type of retinal cell plays a role in color vision?

Which type of retinal cell plays a role in color vision?

Which set of colors are the primary colors when mixing light?

Which of the following properties of sound would be the most similar to the brightness of light?

The thin membrane stretched over the opening to the inner ear is the _______.

The _______ theory appears to account for how we hear sounds between 400 and 4000 Hz.

If a severe ear infection damages the bones of the middle ear, you may develop _______ hearing impairment.

The sense of taste is closely related to the sense of _______.

The "bumps" on the tongue that are visible to the eye are the _______.

The olfactory receptor cells are located in the _______.

tops of the nasal passages

In the spinal cord, _______ inhibit(s) the release of substance P.

We know when we are moving up and down in an elevator because of the movement of tiny crystals in the _______.

Ellis turns around and around in a circle. When he stops, he feels like his head is still spinning. What is responsible for this sensation?

An old comedy routine on television had a character who would line up the heads of people who were very far away from him between his fingers. Then he would pinch his fingers together and say gleefully, "I;m crushing your head, I'm crushing your head." The comedian was playing around with which perceptual constancy?

Which Gestalt principle is at work when a ventriloquist moves the dummy's mouth while doing the talking, making it seem like the dummy is talking?

Which of the following is occurring when looking down a set of railroad tracks, they appear to merge together in the distance?

The Muller-Lyer illusion exists in cultures in which there are _______.

buildings with lots of corners

Allison opened her new jigsaw puzzle but soon realized that the puzzle pieces inside had nothing to do with the picture on the box. With no picture to go by, she realized she would have to use _______.

What do we call the tendency to perceive things with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex broken up pattern?

What is perceptual tendency called?

What do we call the tendency to perceive an object as having the same amount of light even when the amount of light is reduced?

Is the tendency to perceive things that look similar to each other as being part of the same group?