A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the part _____ to the long axis of the IR Show A patient arrives in radiology with a metal foreign body in the palm of the hand. Which of the following hand routines should be performed on this patient to confirm the location of the foreign body? A. PA and Lateral in extension projections B. PA and lateral flexion projections C. PA and fan lateral projections D. PA and Gaynor-Hart Method A. PA and Lateral in extension projections A patient enters the ED with a possible Bennett's fracture. Which of the following should be performed to confirm this diagnosis? A. Finger B. Wrist C. Thumb D. Forearm A patient enters the ED with a possible Scaphoid fracture. The patient is unable to assume the ulnar deviation position. Which of the following positions should be performed to confirm the diagnosis? A. Modified Stetcher B. Coyle C. Jones D. Gaynor-Hart A patient enters the ED with a Smith Fracture. Which region of the upper limb must be radiographed to demonstrate this injury? A. Trapezium B. Hand C. Elbow D. Wrist and forearm A patient with a history of Carpal Tunnel syndrome comes into radiology. The physician wants to rule out abnormal calcifications in the carpal sulcus. Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this region? A. Jones Method B. Coyle Method C. Carpal Bridge D. Gaynor-Hart Method A radiograph of a PA projection of the hand reveals that the distal radius and ulna and the carpals were cut off. What should the technologist do to correct this problem? Repeat the PA projection to include all the carpals and about 1 inch of the distal radius and ulna. The bending or forcing of the hand laterally with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projections is known as: The AP oblique bilateral hands projection ("ball-catcher's position") is performed to evaluate early signs of: fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal fracture of distal radius with posterior displacement transverse fracture through the 5th metacarpal neck fracture and dislocation of posterior lip of distal radius fracture of distal radius with anterior displacement How should the original kV range be changed with a fiberglass cast applied for a wrist or forearm radiographic procedure? How much rotation of the hands is required for the AP oblique bilateral (Norgaard method) hand projection? Grids are generally not required unless the anatomy measures greater than _____ cm in thickness. What is the name of the joint found between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit? Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand? at the 3rd metacarpophalangeal joint Which of the following actions will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna? A. External rotation of elbow B. Placing epicondyles parallel to image receptor C. Supination of the hand D. Pronation of the hand Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand? prevents foreshortening of the phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints Which specific anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the other lateral projections of the hand? Which special projection of the wrist will open up the interspaces on the ulnar side of the wrist? For a PA oblique projection of the 1st digit (thumb) the hand is placed in the:
A. Placement of the carpal bones farther form the IR B. Greater resolution of the carpal interspaces C. Less pain for the patient when the wrist is broken D. Placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR D. Placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR For the lateral projection of the forearm, the elbow should be flexed:
Distal radio-ulnar joint Ulnar styloid process Proximal radio-ulnar joint Which term describes an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen? A 3-year old patient comes to radiology for an abdominal study. Even with careful instructions and immobilization, the patient is having difficulty holding still. Which of the following should be done to minimize motion on the radiograph? use a shorter exposure time In what quadrant of the abdomen is the appendix located? right lower quadrant (RLQ) Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand? prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints The prominent protuberance found the anterior aspect of the ilium is the: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) A patient enters the ED with a Smith Fracture. Which region of the upper limb must be radiographed to demonstrate this injury? T or F: The most common type of involuntary motion in the abdomen is peristalsis. Which of the following muscles should be demonstrated on a well-exposed abdomen projection on an average size patient? A. Erector Spinae B. Psoas Major C. Quadratus Lumborum D. Latissimus Dorsi A 16p year old female patient enters the ED with a possible kidney stone. She complains of pain in the right lower pelvis region. Which of the following options should be taken in regard to gonadal shielding? A. Use it on the preliminary projection only B. Do not use it C. Ask the patient or her parents for their permission to no shield the gonads D. Use it on all projections if correctly placed Which of the following is an alternate name for the scaphoid bone? A. Multangular B. Cunieform C. Navicular D.Os Calcis The bending or forcing of the hand laterally with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projection is known as: How much rotation of the hands is required for the AP oblique bilateral (Norgaard method) hand projection? A patient with a fractured forearm had the fracture reduced and a fiberglass cast placed on the extremity. The orthopedic surgeon orders a postreduction study. The original kV was 60 kV. Which one of the following kV factors should be selected for the postreduction study? A. 70kV B. 75 kV C. 63 kV D. 67 KV There are how many phalanges in the first digit of the hand? To ensure that the diaphragm is included on the erect abdomen projection, the top of the image receptor should be at the approximate level of the: Which of the following manual exposure factors would produce the desired qualities for an abnormal projection on an average sized adult? A. 75 kV, 400 mA, 1/15 sec,grid, 60-inch SID B. 75 kV, 400 mA, 1/20 sec, nongrid, 40 inch SID C. 90 kV, 600 mA, 1/20 sec, grid, 40 inch SID D. 75 kV, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid 40 inch SID D. 75 kV, 600 mA, 1/30 sec, grid 40 inch SID What is the name of the joint found between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit? To ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on a KUB radiograph, the technologist should palpate the: Greater Trochanter or Pubis Symphysis A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the part _____ to the long axis of the IR A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of pneumoperitoneum. The patient is able to stand and lie recumbent. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the severity of this condition? A. Dorsal Decub B. AP erect abdomen C. AP KUB D. Right Lateral Decub A radiograph of a PA projection of the hand reveals that the distal radius and ulna and the carpals were cut off. What should the technologist do to correct this problem? Repeat the PA projection to include all the carpals and about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of the distal radius and ulna Which of the following structures is considered to be the most distal? A. Radial Head B. Capitulum C. Styloid Process D. Radial Tuberosity The technologist must _____ manual exposure factors for a patient with severe ascites. Which of the following structures is considered to be most proximal? A. Olecranon Process B. Head of Ulna C. Radial Tuberosity D. Coronoid Process Why is the Left Lat Decub preferred over the Right Lateral Decub abdomen for an acute abdomen series? Any intraperitoneal air will be visualized along the lower liver margin The correct order of the carpal bones as discussed from lateral to medial, proximal row first, is: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate T or F: For a forearm study, you must only include the joint closest to the injury. A patient comes to radiology with possible bleeding within the abdomen. The patient is unable to stand or sit for any projections. Which of the following projections would be most effective in demonstrating fluid within the abdomen for this patient? A. AP KUB B. R Lat dorsal Decub C. AP supine chest D. L Lat decub What type of respiration should be employed for abdominal radiography?  What is the most obvious positioning error? Lateral Decub of the Abdomen has the same requirements as an upright abdomen. This picture is missing the DIAPHRAGM and has no marker What is the most obvious repeatable error? the metal zipper is in the way What is the most obvious repeatable positioning error? KUB Abdomen Pubic Symphysis is cut off- may have to go back and do just a bladder shot which is done with an 8 X 10 What are the positioning errors? Repeatable? Upright Abdomen Too much Pubic Symphysis No diaphragm Sides are cut off Would have to repeat Apathologic condition in which twisting of a loop of intestine creates anobstruction is termed When bowel loops into itself and you have to pop it back out -common in children Whatis the preferred length of time a patient should lie on his or her side priorto a lateral decubitus projection? Whereis the CR centered for an AP erect abdomen projection as part of an acuteabdomen series? By the Book: 1 to2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest Practicality: top of Axilla to give as much abdomen as you can Whichof the following projections will best demonstrate intraperitoneal free air? A. KUB B.Dorsal decubitus C. Leftlateral decubitus D. PAchest PA or LLDecub KUB WILL NOT SHOW FREE AIR What does this picture demonstrate? What does this picture demonstrate? What does this picture demonstrate? Is this image acceptable? No, the diaphragm is cut off the action of twisting or the state of being twisted, especially of one end of an object relative to the other. fracture at base of 1st metacarpal results of fist fights fracture of 5th metacarpal caused by direct force to closed fist What is this a picture of? What is this a picture of? What is this a picture of? A distal metacarpal fracture Fractureof distal radius and ulnar styloid with posterior displacement -hand bent backward Morefrequent in older adults who fall on an outstretched hand Fractureof distal radius and ulnar styloid with anterior displacement -hand bent forward Oftenreferred to as a reverse Colles' Impactedfracture with a bulging of the periosteum Mostcommon fracture of the distal radius and ulna in young children osteo- bone chondro- cartilaginous in origin oma- tumor grow out from bone and then parallel not cancerous but destroys the bone knee, elbow, wrist, ankle pituitary tumor/abnormality that causes abnormal bone growth en- within chondro- cartilaginous in origin oma- tumor starts within bone and grows out spreads out until it completely destroys the bone Liver Galbladder Right Colic Flexure Duodenum Head of Pancreas R Kidney R Suprarenal Gland Spleen Stomach Left Colic Flexure Tail of Pancreas L Kidney L Suprarenal Gland Ascending colon Appendix Cecum 2/3 of Ileum Ileocecal Valve Descending Colon Sigmoid colon 2/3 of Jejunum Nine Regions of the Abdomen from R to L from Top to Bottom 1. R Hypochondriac 2. Epigastric 3. L Hypochondriac 4. R Lateral (lumbar) 5. Umbilical 6. L Lateral (lumbar) 7. R inguinal (iliac) 8. Pubic (hypogastric) 9. L Inguinal (iliac) Topographic landmarks of pelvis Symphysis Pubis Greater Trochanter Crest of Ilium ASIS Ischial Tuberosity What 2 large abdominal muscles extend next to the lumbar spine and are indicators of a well-exposed KUB? Which of the following is NOT one of the accessory organs for digestion? 1. Spleen 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Galbladder The sigmoid colon is located in the ______ quadrant What are the normal positions for a KUB? What are the positions in an acute abdomen series? (FUA) AP Supine AP erect PA erect chest WHat are the Decubitus positions for an abdomen? LAteral decub Dorsal decub Patients with severe retained gas will require a _________ in technique Patients with Ascites will require a __________ in technique How much obliquity is required for a PA oblique projection of the hand?Positioning for PA oblique projection
Adjust the obliquity of the hand so that the MCP joints form an angle of approximately 45° with the cassette plane. Use a 45° foam wedge to support the fingers in the extended position to demonstrate the interphalangeal joints.
What is the proper position of the hands for the AP oblique projection Norgaard method?Position: 45degrees oblique as evidence by the following: Midshafts of second through fifth metacarpals and base of phalanges should not overlap. MCP joint should be open.
Which carpal bone must be seen on the AP projection of the thumb?Chapter 5. Why should the hand be slightly arched for a PA projection of the wrist?An AP wrist may be taken, with hands slightly arched to place wrist and carpals in close contact with cassette, to better demontrate intercarpal spaces and wrist joint, and to place the intercarpal spaces more parallel to the divergent rays.
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What type of rotation of the hands is required for the AP oblique bilateral Norgaard method hand projection?
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