When rehearsal of incoming information is prevented, which of the following will most likely occur?

The painful experience associated with termination of the use of an addictive substance is know as

When parents refuse to accept several psychologists' diagnosis of a child's mental illness, they are using which if the following defense mechanisms?

After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that a specific tone is sounded, there is evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates when

the tone only is presented

A complex pattern of organized, unlearned behavior that is species-specific is called

Which correctly describes the firing of neurons?

Distrust of others is symptomatic of

Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for 

gaining insight into unconscious motives

When rehearsal of incoming information is prevented, which of the following will most likely occur?

there will be no transfer of the information to long-term memory

Which of the following behavior therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights?

Systematic desensitization

Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as

Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the 

In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which type of drug?

Research findings in the area of interpersonal attraction indicate that individuals are mostly likely to be attracted to others who are

similar to the, in attitudes and values. 

On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any line or hooks. Ed's failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as a fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of

Which of the following responses was most likely acquired through classical conditioning?

A child's fear of dogs after the child has been bitten by a dog. 

If a man who is a heavy smoker is given an electric shock every time he takes a puff on a cigarette, which of the following behavior-modification techniques is being used?

The failure for bystanders to give victims of automobile accidents needed assistance is sometimes explained as an instance of

Diffusion of Responsibility

In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of subjects saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a violent cartoon. The control group in the experiment is the group that

Watched the violent cartoon

The dependent variable in the experiment is the 

amount of aggressive behavior exhibited by the children. 

Which is most characteristic of individuals with chronic schizophrenia?

Activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in 

an increase in respiratory rate. 

The terms "modeling" and "imitation" are most closely associated with

In a famous series of experiments conducted by Harry Harlow, infant monkeys were separated from their mothers at birth. The infants were then given two surrogate mothers (a terry cloth "mother" and a wire "mother"), each of which alternately had a nursing bottle that provided food to the infants. The experimental results showed that in frightening situations the infant monkeys

preferred the terry-cloth mother, even when the wire mother had the nursing bottle. 

According to Sigmund Freud, a child's early experience in coping with external demands leads to the development of the 

According to Albert Bandura, people who believe that their efforts will be successful and that they are in control of events have a high level of 

Because studies of learning show that events occurring close together in time are easier to associate than those occurring at widely different times, parents should probably avoid

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true?

Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self actualization

A teen-ager would most probably draw on which to recall her tenth birthday party?

Leadership, job satisfaction, and employee motivation are all studied in which of the following psychological disciplines?

Industrial Organized Psychology

According to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological, which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects?

It should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research

Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by 

Elena is presented with a list of 20 numbers. When asked to recall this list, she remembers more numbers from the beginning than from the end of the list. This phenomenon demonstrates which type of effect?

A prototype is best defined as

the hypothetical "most typical" instance of a category. 

Theories of motivation that assert the existence of biological motives to maintain the body in a steady state are called

According to attribution theory, Pablo is most likely to attribute his high score on a difficult exam to 

In which type of research are the same children tested periodically at different points in their development?

The Occipital Lobes contain

the primary visual cortex

Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive

The most well adjusted and socially competent children tend to come from homes where parents employ which parental style?

Which approach to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?

Carla tutors other students because she likes to be helpful, whereas Jane tutors classmates strictly for pay. Their behaviors demonstrate the difference between

Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation

The view that human emotions are universal has been supported by studies of

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse. 

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from

maladaptive interpretations of life events. 

The most common form of color blindness is related to the deficiencies in the 

A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is mostly likely measuring the individual's

A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researched concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly

inferred causation from correlation

The release of those with mental disorders from mental hospitals for the purpose of treating them in their home communities is called

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is best described by

Children progress from a morality based on punishment and reward to one defined by convention, and ultimately to one defined by abstract ethical principles. 

The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual's mental age and his or her

In Ivan Pavlov's experiments in classical conditioning, the dog's salivation was

both an unconditioned and a conditioned stimulus

Which is a characteristic common to all individuals with a narcissistic personality disorder?

an unwarranted sense of self importance. 

Hypnosis has been found useful in the treatment of 

In a normal distribution of test scores, the percentage of scores that fall at of below the mean score is

Persistent repetitive thoughts that cannot be controlled are known as

Which statement is true of behaviorism

It holds that development is largely a product of learning

Which best characterizes individuals diagnosed as having personality disorders?

They may function reasonably well in society

The mean will be higher than the median in any distribution that

What is typically cited as a characteristic of autistic children?

Severely impaired interpersonal communication

The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to help clients

correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives. 

A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for seeing in depth?

Multiple personality is a type of

The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's 

A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying

The Primary Effect of the myelin sheath is to 

increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon. 

Which was true of Soloman Asch's experiments on conformity?

If the confederate's judgments were not unanimous, the degree of conformity by experimental subjects decreased. 

Which if the following concepts was advanced by social psychologists to help explain why people who are part of a crowd sometimes commit aggressive antisocial acts that they would not commit if they were alone?

A somatoform disorder is best described as an illness that

is physical in nature and caused by psychological factors

It is widely known in Jerry's social circle that he is the most stubborn member of the group. Yet Jerry complain's that all his friends are opinionated and rigid. Jerry's complains are most clearly a sign of

Which is the following is a genetic disorder that results in a deficiency of a liver enzyme which, if not treated soon after birth, may eventually lead to profound mental retardation?

Electroconvulsive therapy has been most successful in the treatment of

Which if the following is most useful in understanding an employer's interpretation of an employee's poor performance?

Which of the following accurately describes a major change in perspective in the field of developmental psychology over the past 25 years?

A shift from an emphasis in childhood and adolescence to an interest in development over the life span. 

Which of the following has been most effective in the treatment of schizophrenia?

Drug therapy that blocks neurotransmitter sites

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery?

Computerized axial tomography

The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objets at various distances is called

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for

Pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

The technique for strengthening behavior by reinforcing successive approximation is called

According to Jean Piaget, what is the earliest stage at which a child is capable of using simple logic to think about objects and events?

Bipolar disorders are most effectively treated with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants and 

The tendency of most people to identify a three sided figure as a triangle, even when one of its sides is incomplete, is the result of a perceptual process known as

According to Carl Rogers, the role of the therapist in person-centered psychotherapy is to

accept the client unconditionally so that the client's own desire for mental health and positive growth will flourish. 

One criticism of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development is that it

is based on empirically unverifiable constructs. 

For most people, which of the following is an activity based on the right hemisphere of the brain?

Which of the following are the staged in Hans Selye's general adaption syndrome?

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

The defense mechanism of reaction formation is best exemplified in which of the following situations?

A woman who is unaware of her anger toward her friend expresses affection for that friend. 

Which of the following is true of the reticular activating system?

It regulates levels of arousal. 

Which of the following types of test is designed to measure an individual's knowledge of a subject?

A word or part of the word that is in itself meaningful, but that cannot be broken into smaller meaningful units, it called a

Which of the following studies has had the most profound impact on ethical issues in psychological research?

Stanley Milgram's study of obedience. 

Behaviorally oriented therapists seek to modify a client's behavior by

changing the contingencies of reinforcement for the client. 

If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is

The place in the regina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the 

Responses extinguish fastest when they are learned through which type of reinforcement schedule?

According to Benjamin Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis, which of the following is true?

Different languages predispose those individuals who speak them to think about the world in different ways. 

In their discussions of the process of development, the advocates of nature in the nature-nurture controversy emphasize which of the following?

Which of the following is an example of metacognition?

Knowing the effectiveness of different strategies for learning statistical formulas. 

The debate over whether development occurs gradually, without discernible shifts, or through a series of distinct stages is termed

continuity vs. discontinuity

Which of the following scenarios is an example of retroactive interference?

When given a drug that produced general arousal research participants placed in a room?

What type of memory is riding a bike quizlet?

What may account for Mary's inability to remember these individuals names?