The parents of an 8-year-old girl tell the nurse that their daughter wants to join a soccer team. The nurse's suggestions regarding participation in sports at this age should include what? Show
1 3 Parents and coaches need to recognize the child's abilities and teach proper techniques so the child can compete safely. Organized sports can provide safe, appropriate activities with supportive parents and coaches. School-age children enjoy competition. The parent should help the child select a sport that is suitable to her capabilities and interests. These changes occur at puberty -- before that, boys and girls can compete on the same teams. The nurse should teach volunteers in the after-school program that which characteristic is most descriptive of the social development of school-age children? 1 2 Same-sex peers form relationships that encourage sharing of secrets and jokes and coming to each other's aid. Identification with peer group is an important factor toward gaining independence from families. During the school-age years there are more gender-specific groups. Conforming to the rules is an essential part of group membership. The nurse teaches progressive relaxation of muscle groups to a 12-year-old child. Which sign of stress is the nurse likely to find in the child? 1 4 Redness in the face is a physiologic sign of stress seen in children 7 to 12 years of age. Relaxation techniques such as progressive relaxation of muscle groups, deep breathing exercises, and positive imagery help to reduce stress. Calmness and enthusiasm are behavioral patterns of school-age children. These behavioral patterns help the child to develop good peer relations. If a child is experiencing stress, the heart rate would be increased (tachycardia), instead of a decreased heart rate (bradycardia). What is an important consideration related to childhood stress? 1 4 Children's age, temperament, life situation, and state of health affect their vulnerability, reactions, and ability to handle stress. It is not feasible to protect children from all stress. Children can be taught coping strategies. Supportive interpersonal relationships are essential to the psychological well-being of children. Adults need to recognize signs of stress before they become overwhelming. Providing children with interpersonal security helps them develop coping strategies for dealing with stress. The nurse observes that a child is fidgety, restless, and easily distracted. What does the nurse interpret from these symptoms? 1 4 If a child displays fidgetiness and restlessness and is easily distracted, the child may have ADHD. Dysgraphia is the difficulty of the child with writing. Abdominal pain, fainting, pseudoseizures, paralysis, headaches, and visual field restriction are the symptoms of conversion reaction. The symptoms of PTSD include persistent re-experiencing of the traumatic event and avoidance of stimuli associated with the event or trauma. Parents reports to the nurse that their 12-year-old child resists going to bed at night. Which advice does the nurse give to the parents to help the child go to bed on time? 1 2 Bedtime resistance can be resolved by allowing the child to read before bedtime. Many 12-year-olds prefer to read before bed. The child's bedtime should not be changed because school-age children need adequate sleep. School-age children do not require naps, which can hamper sleeping at night. Children should not play video games before going to bed. This may stimulate and excite the child and make it harder to fall asleep. The nurse is working with the parents of an 8-year-old child and discovers that the child has bedtime problems. The nurse instructs the parents to encourage a quiet activity before bedtime. Why does the nurse recommend this intervention? 1 3 When children have difficulty going to bed, they need quiet activities such as reading or coloring. These activities decrease the amount of stimuli and help them relax and be ready to go to sleep. This, in turn, helps resolve bedtime problems. Talking in the sleep is common in children and does not require intervention. Bed-wetting is normal in preschoolers and occasionally in young school-age children. However, if the problem continues in later ages, a medical consultation is necessary. The child may snore a little during sleep, but this does not necessitate quiet activities before bedtime. Parents of a 12-year-old child inform the nurse that their child prefers spending more time with friends rather than with family members. What should the nurse inform the child's parents? 1 3 Middle school-aged children tend to spend more time with their peers and enjoy their company rather than spending time with family members. Children 12 years of age and older want to be independent and tend to reject some of the parental values. The child is comfortable spending time with peers and interacting with them. Therefore the nurse cannot infer that children of age 12 years do not like social gatherings or interacting with others. Avoiding spending time with family members does not indicate that the children are more focused on their studies. However, peer influence may cause distraction from studies in some children during middle school age. At the beginning of the school year, the school nurse identifies several new children at the school. The nurse knows that which factors place the children at high risk for adjustment problems? Select all that apply. 1 2, 3, 4 Successful adjustment is related to the child's physical and emotional maturity and the parent's readiness to accept the separation associated with school entrance. Unfortunately, some parents express their unconscious attempts to delay the child's maturity by clinging behavior, particularly with their youngest child. Middle-class children have fewer adjustments to make and less to learn about expected behavior because schools tend to reflect dominant middle-class customs and values. If the child has attended a preschool program, the focus of the preschool program also affects the child's adjustment. Some preschool programs provide custodial care only, but others emphasize emotional, social, and intellectual development. The nurse advises a working single parent to enroll his or her child in an after-school program. What could be the reason behind the nurse's advice? 1 1 After-school programs are generally arranged for latchkey children. These children usually have working parents or may live with one parent who works. They have no proper supervision after coming home from school. These children may feel lonely and fearful, and parents are advised to enroll the children in an after-school program. An after-school program is not necessary just because the child does not have an after-school snack available. Children with developmental disorders need to attend special training programs rather than an after-school program. When the child plays outdoor games, it signifies that the child is developing good social interactions. These children do not have to attend an after-school program. The parent of an 8-year-old child is worried about their child's stealing behavior. The parent informs the nurse that they have punished the child several times for stealing, but the child still repeats the act. What is the most appropriate nursing action? 1 2 Stealing can be expected in children 5 to 8 years of age as their sense of property rights is limited. They may steal things simply because they are attracted to them. Parents should be advised to admonish such behavior and give a reasonable punishment like asking the children to return the stolen items. This would be enough for most children to learn from. Telling children that they could be jailed for the act of stealing may scare them. However, in some children this kind of behavior can indicate that there is something lacking in the child's life. For example, the child could be stealing to make up for a lack of love and affection. Therefore it is not recommended to ignore such behavior. It is also not appropriate to inform the parent that the child needs a psychiatric referral. A parent tells the nurse, "I am worried about my 13-year-old son. He hasn't started puberty, and my daughter did when she was 11 years of age." The nurse should explain to this parent that this is what? 1 3 The average age of onset for puberty in boys is 12 years old. Age of pubescence is gender related. Girls begin puberty an average of approximately 2 years before boys. The nurse is preparing a health teaching session for school-age children. What information should the nurse include about injury prevention in the plan? 1 1 Most injuries occur in or near school or home. Peer pressure is significant in this age group. Automobile accidents account for the majority of severe accidents, either as a pedestrian or passenger. School-age children have more refined muscle development, which results in an overall decrease in the number of accidents. During an assessment, the nurse finds that a child is depressed, frightened, and has low grades in school. By which age-group do children usually worry about school grades? 1 4 Worrying about school grades is an adaptive behavior in children that happens between 8 and 9 years of age. Children who are between 5 and 6 years of age are at their initial schooling age, and their development is not sophisticated enough to bother about the grading system at school. Children who are between 6 and 7 years of age try to be independent in their school environment. They are less bothered about grading. Children who are between 7 and 8 years of age are more involved in playing with their peers. The primary health care provider (PHP) prescribes a psychostimulant drug for a child. The nurse checks the medical history of the child and requests that the PHP change the drug. What would be the possible reason for the nurse to make such a request? 1 4 Psychostimulant drugs are given to children for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These drugs should be avoided in children who have a history of ticlike behaviors because they can worsen the symptoms. Physical trauma refers to a serious injury resulting from an assault, a natural disaster, or a sports injury. Dysgraphia is a condition where a child has difficulty with writing. Psychostimulant drugs do not affect the oral health of the child. These drugs are not known to aggravate malocclusion problems. Orthodontic treatment is successful for malocclusion problems. The school nurse has asked a group of 8-year-old children to write a sentence about what they have learned from the class regarding bicycle safety. Which statement indicates the need for further teaching in the children? 1 2 Nurses play a vital role in educating children about bicycle safety. Children must be instructed to always ride with the traffic and away from parked cars to prevent accidental collisions. It is also important to stay in a single file when riding with friends, keeping as close to the curb as possible, and to walk bikes across busy streets only at crosswalks. All these measures help in reducing accidents and preventing serious injuries to children. A teacher asks a school nurse what sports should be included in the curriculum for school-aged children. What is the nurse's response? Select all that apply. 1 2, 4, 5 Teachers should include only age-appropriate sports activities in schools, which a school nurse can help in determining. It is appropriate to have activities that include practice sessions and unstructured play. Common sports for school-aged children include baseball, soccer, and swimming. It is important to recognize all the participants in special ceremonies and not just the ones who excel. In the preadolescence stage, there is no difference between strengths of boys and girls; therefore girls can compete with boys at this age. It should be emphasized to the school management that actual sporting events should aim to stress the point of mastering a sport or enhancing self-image rather than winning. A child is being treated with methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin). After assessing the child, the nurse decides to administer the medicine early in the day. What effect of the drug does the nurse note in the child? 1 1 The child who is taking methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin), a psychostimulant, may experience sleeplessness as a side effect. Therefore the nurse should administer the medication early in the day to counteract the effect. Seizures are not a side effect of Ritalin. Reduced appetite is a side effect of Ritalin, and therefore the nurse should administer the drug after the meals. The child doesn't develop numbness when administered Ritalin. The nurse is teaching the importance of dental health to a group of parents in the community. Which points does the nurse emphasize in order to prevent dental caries in children? Select all that apply. 1 3, 4, 5 Proper oral hygiene is the most effective means practiced to prevent dental caries. Not only is it important to teach children how to floss their teeth, but the nurse should also teach the parents to reinforce correct brushing techniques. This helps promote oral hygiene and prevent dental caries. Fermentable carbohydrates tend to increase the risk of dental caries and should be limited in the diet. Excess fat in the diet should not be included in the diets of children who are obese. Excess sleep in a child should not be encouraged as it makes the child more sedentary. The school nurse is asked to speak with the parents of a 10-year-old boy who has been bullying other children. On what should the nurse's response be based? 1 4 Children who bully are defiant toward adults, antisocial, and likely to break school rules. They have little anxiety, strong self-esteem, and may come from homes where physical punishment is used and there is a lack of parental involvement and warmth. Long-term this negativity continues into adulthood, causing difficulties developing and maintaining relationships. Bullying is a maladaptive response to poor relationships with peers and lack of group identification. Bullying is a maladaptive response to poor relationships with peers and lack of group identification. These individuals usually have strong self-esteem and little anxiety. What information should the nurse include when giving parents guidelines about helping their children in school? 1 4 Parents should communicate with teachers if there is a problem and not wait for a scheduled conference. Children need to do their own homework. This cultivates responsibility. Discipline should be used to help children control behaviors. School-age children can use reasoning skills. School-age children need to develop responsibility. This helps with keeping promises and meeting deadlines, thereby laying successful foundations for adulthood. The nurse is teaching a community health-promotion class to parents and school-age children related to bicycle safety. Issues to cover in the sessions include what? 1 1 Bicycles should be walked through busy intersections to allow the child to have full view of the traffic and be able to react accordingly, with safety the number one priority. Bicycle helmets should be worn at all times to prevent head injuries. Reflectors should be installed on all bicycles, whether they are ridden during the daytime or at night only. Bicycles should always be ridden with the traffic, not against the traffic. This will assist in preventing accidents. The school nurse is discussing dental health with some children in first grade. What should the nurse include in the discussion? 1 3 Children should be taught to brush their teeth after meals, after snacks, and before bedtime. Parents should help with flossing until children develop the dexterity required, which occurs at about the time of third grade. A toothbrush with soft nylon bristles is recommended. The American Dental Association recommends fluoridated toothpaste for this age group. A 9-year-old child reports having a headache, stomach pain, and neck pain. On examination the nurse finds that the child is jittery and has a flushed face and a fast heartbeat. What is the nurse's next intervention? 1 1 The signs and symptoms of the child are indicative of stress. Once stress is suspected, the nurse should talk to the child and explore more of the symptoms to determine the reason behind the stress. Parents and children should be taught the symptoms to recognize stress and also formulate strategies to be used to cope with it. It is not necessary for the child to have complete bed rest or hospitalization. These symptoms are not common in this age group. The nurse is giving information about latchkey children to a group of nursing students. What information does the nurse include in the session? Select all that apply. 1 3, 4, 5 Latchkey children is the term used for children who are left alone to care for themselves before or after school. These children are more likely to be lonely, isolated, and fearful than those who have someone to care for them. Therefore they may use strategies like playing television at a loud volume or hiding to cope with their own fears. The nurse should be able to identify such children and offer help to the parents. There are services like after-school programs or telephone hotlines that keep a check on children. There is no evidence suggesting that most of these children will have paranoid schizophrenia when they grow older. Some of these children can have chronic illness, but children with chronic illness are not called latchkey children. The nurse is teaching a group of parents about the importance of children building peer relationships. What points should the nurse plan to incorporate in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. 1 1, 2, 3 Daily interactions and maintaining of peer relations have a great impact in the social development of children. Peer relationships teach children to appreciate the differences in others and others' opinions. Peer relationships help to develop good friends, and children develop best friends with whom they share secrets and have fun. The peer relationship teaches the child to behave in an acceptable manner by watching appropriate behavior in others. Children's cognition levels are developed according to their age and their coordination. Peer relationships do not affect the child's cognition level. Peer relationships have a great impact in reducing the egocentric outlook in children and help in maintaining healthy relations. The school teacher speaks with the school nurse about a child who has improper conduct and tends to be aggressive with younger children. The school nurse observes that the child also influences the behavior of others in the group. What is the most appropriate nursing approach for the child's behavior? 1 4 The child who is isolated from the family or under poor supervision tends to develop unacceptable behavior and acts against established rules. These children also try to influence other weaker groups such as small children. This behavior is considered bullying. The child should be encouraged to join an antibullying program to help set the behavior right. The nurse should not use corporal punishment on the child because it can worsen the child's behavior. Limits should be set and time-outs utilized for punishment. Safety training is given to the child for protection from injuries. Behavioral therapy is given to the child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The nurse is assessing a child during a checkup and notes the child has all permanent teeth and is a healthy weight for his age. What would be the approximate weight of the child? 1 4 By the age of 10 to 12 years, the permanent teeth have erupted in children. Therefore the child is probably in this age group. A healthy weight of a child in the age group of 10 to 12 years is 24.5 to 58 kg (54 to 128 pounds). A 6-year-old child may have a weight of 16 to 26.3 kg (35.5 to 58 pounds). This is the age where loss of first teeth occurs in the children. A 7-year-old may have a weight of 17.7 to 30 kg (39 to 66.5 pounds). The child's teeth start forming at this stage. An 8-year-old child may have a weight of 19.5 to 39.5 kg (43 to 87 pounds). Lateral incisors (maxillary) and mandibular cuspids erupt at this age. During an assessment, the nurse notices that a school-age child is under stress. What signs of stress in the child warrant further investigation? Select all that apply. 1 1, 3 Many factors may cause stress in children. Stress in children can manifest itself in many ways, and the nurse should be alert to these signs. Thumb-sucking in school-age children is a sign of regression and needs further assessment of what may be causing the stress. When the child has difficulty concentrating, the nurse should explore further for the cause. A slightly increased heart rate is a standard sign of stress that does not need to be explored further. The red face and jittery appearance are also common signs of stress that do not need to be investigated. A 9-year-old child is put on tricyclic antidepressants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). How does the nurse advise the parents of this child? Select all that apply. 1 2, 3, 4 The anticholinergic action of tricyclic antidepressants leads to increased viscosity of saliva and dry mouth. These drugs lead to increased incidences of dental caries. Therefore the nurse should advise the parents to encourage the child to take more oral fluids, take the child for regular dental visits, and limit the intake of refined carbohydrates. Tricyclic antidepressants do not affect the cardiac system, and so it is not required for the child to limit physical activity or to have regular visits to the cardiologist. A parent phones the nurse and says that her child just knocked out a permanent tooth. What should the nurse's instructions to the parent include? 1 3 The root area should not be touched. The tooth should be rinsed with running water only if it is dirty. Reimplantation should occur within 30 minutes by the child, parent, or nurse and stabilized by a dentist as soon as possible. The child needs to be seen by a competent dentist, not emergency room, as soon as possible. The nurse is assessing a child who is taking tricyclic antidepressants. The nurse advises the child to decrease the intake of refined carbohydrates in the diet. What side effect of the drug is the nurse trying to prevent? 1 1 Children who are taking tricyclic antidepressants have a high incidence of developing dental caries. Therefore the nurse should recommend decreasing the intake of refined carbohydrates because they would worsen the effect. Children who are obese are asked to cut down sugar and carbohydrates in their dietary intake. These are not major side effects observed in children taking antidepressants. Children who are taking antidepressants do not experience an increase in their appetite levels but may sometimes have a decreased appetite. Impairment of the glucose levels of the child is not a side effect of antidepressants.
The school nurse is called to attend to a 7-year-old child whose tooth is avulsed while playing. The nurse finds the avulsed tooth on the ground. What is the most appropriate step taken by the nurse? 1 1 An avulsed tooth should be replanted and stabilized as soon as possible to reestablish the blood supply. This increases the chances of the tooth being kept alive. Therefore the child should be immediately transported to the dentist. The nurse should hold the tooth by its crown and rinse it under running water. Then the nurse should insert it back into the socket with the convex side facing front towards the lip side. Disposing of the tooth is not advisable as the tooth can be reimplanted. A parent expresses to the nurse that the parents delayed sending their child to school because the child did not want to leave home. What information should the nurse give to the parent to improve the child's adaptability to school? 1 4 The child's adaptation to school is a major milestone for the developmental stage. The child's adaptation to school depends on various factors. Clinging behavior by the parents is a major factor. This behavior prevents the child from becoming mature and adapting to the school. It is not necessary to enroll the child with a friend; the child may develop relations once adapted to the school. Special care and extra attention is not required for a child with normal growth and development. Delaying the schooling would hamper the cognitive development in the child. Therefore the parents should enroll the child in the school as per the age. The school nurse knows that which attribute is characteristic of the psychosocial development of school-age children? 1 4 All children are not able to do all tasks well, and the child must be prepared to accept some feeling of inferiority. Developing initiative is characteristic of preschoolers. Peer group formation is one of the major characteristics of this age group. School-age children gain satisfaction from independent behaviors. This age child is eager to develop skills and participate in activities. The nurse is teaching a student nurse about the growth and development in school-age children. The nurse states that there are few prominent changes that can be found in the school-age child as compared to a preschooler. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. 1 1, 3, 4 During the school-age period, children's height rapidly increases to meet their physical needs. As a result, the head circumference of a school-age child is smaller when compared to overall height. Due to the loss of baby teeth, early deciduous teeth are lost and secondary teeth start to appear in the school-age child. These secondary permanent teeth may appear too large for the child's face. The child's leg increases when compared to increase in the height. Therefore the school-age child has long legs. The school-age child appears to be thinner when compared to the preschooler due to the excessive physical activity. The fat gets distributed evenly, and the child does not have a bulky appearance. The caloric needs of the child gradually decrease in the school-age child as compared to the preschooler. However, the parents must be informed to give a balanced diet to children for proper physical growth. Which nursing advice is appropriate for the parents of a toddler with sleep problems?Which nursing advice is appropriate for the parents of a toddler with sleep problems? Use a transitional object at bedtime. (Transitional objects may help ease the toddler's anxiety and facilitate sleep. A consistent set of bedtime rituals will facilitate a toddler's sleep.
Which fine motor activity does the nurse observe in a 6 month old infant?It is pincer grasp, which is expected at this age. It is palmar grasp, which is expected at this age.
Which symptom would the nurse recognize as a possible indicator of stress in a school age child quizlet?Redness in the face is a physiologic sign of stress seen in children 7 to 12 years of age. Relaxation techniques such as progressive relaxation of muscle groups, deep breathing exercises, and positive imagery help to reduce stress.
Which nursing action is most appropriate to gain information about how a school aged child is feeling?Which nursing action is most appropriate to gain information about how a child is feeling? Provide the child with some paper to draw a picture of how she is feeling.
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Which intervention would the nurse recommend to the parent of a 6 year old with bedtime resistance?
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