Which is an effective way for parents to reduce the negative impact of divorce on a child quizlet?

Children very resilient and most adjust fine

Small differences b/w two groups, but it is significant

Divorce does not affect all children in same way or same degree...
but long-lasting effects persist into adulthood for significant minority

Divorce can be best thing for children, but only if conflict is high in marriage and conflict ends after divorce

If conflict low/kept hidden, children better off if parents stay married

Authoritative parents: combine high levels of control with a good deal of warmth and encouragement.

Authoritarian parents: high on control and often have a large number of rules that they expect their children to obey.

Permissive parents: Provides a great deal of warmth and acceptance but few, if any, rules or restrictions.

Uninvolved or neglected parents: Low both on the dimension of warmth and on the dimension of control; parents may be disinterested in parenting or actively reject their children.

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Terms in this set (18)

prevalence of children who will experience parental divorce

• 38% white, 75% black children will experience divorce before 16

effects of divorce on children's psychosocial adjustment; how strong is the effect?

• Negative effects on children are weak (in magnitude)
o Neg effects buffered by good relationships (with mentor, community, adult figure)
• Children from divorced families scored lower on measures of well-being than did children from intact families
• Step parents do not help things
• Effects of parental divorce were most pronounced for primary school through high school age children
• For preschool or college-age children, effects are weaker or nonexistent

the effects of divorce on children over time (from the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s)

• Effects seem to be decreasing
• Studies in the 50's-60's reveal much stronger effects for parental divorce than do studies conducted more recently
• Negative effects of divorce were lowest in the 1980's but started to gradually get stronger in the 1990's
• As divorce becomes more common, negative effects decrease in magnitude

the parental absence perspective

• don't have a father or mother figure
• can hurt the well being of the child
• two people do better job than one
• loosing a parent has a greater negative effect on kids
• mere absence of parents hurts psychological well-being of kids

the economic disadvantage perspective

• divorce causes a step down in standard living on the family
• kids get into more adjustment and psychological problems
• kids in rear headed father families get a higher standard of living and more positive than those raised by mothers with a lower standard of living
• kids are in trouble with the law, experience depression and have a low self esteem

the family conflict perspective (clearest evidence)

• kids exposed to a lot of hostility have higher levels of stress, depress etc.
• when parents shield conflict from kids> kids become messed up
• subduing conflict is a good idea
• children from families of high conflict are as bad off as those ***** parents are divorced
• scientists have been able to identify kids whose parents have high levels of conflicts and have reduced their kids levels of delinquency
• benefit from parents divorce, that's how corrosive family conflict is

does divorce have any effect on children when they become adults? if so, how strong of an effect?

• Divorce has an effect on children as the become adults
• Effects of parental divorce on young children are wak in magnitude and tend to diminish as children become adults
• However adults are still affected due to the sleeper effect
• Amato & Keither
o Parental divorce> lower well being in adult children (offspring of a parent who was divorced)
o Psychological adjustment, conduct problems, marital happiness

issues in relations with divorced parents (e.g., less affection, parentification, etc.)

less affection, parentification, parent-child conflict

less affection

exchanged between divorced parent and children; especially pronounced in fathers because so few children of divorce actually grow up living with their fathers

parentification

role reversal when the child takes on the roles/responsibilities as the parent (common in divorced households); parent may be over burdened and unable to fully care for the child

parent-child conflict

common in divorce households; between custodial mother and son have high conflict levels

emotional parentification

acting as confidant and provider of emotional support

instrumental parentification

taking on responsibilities for household tasks and the care of siblings

the inter-generational transmission of divorce

• increase risk of divorce for children with divorced parents
• intergenerational: passed on from generation to generation
• over 12 years, 10% divorce for those with no parental history
• 15% if husband or wife exposed to parental divorce
• 30% if both have divorced parents
• among 861 adults in pima county, parental divorce increased odds of own divorce by 1.5

modeling theories of intergenerational transmission

ineffective marital communication skills, the attitude of non commitment of marriage, lower relationship efficacy

ineffective marital communication skills

o observing parents use ineffective communication techniques in unfolding conflict etc.
o engaged couples: sanders et. Al.
• if a woman's parents were divorced > more communication problems, more physical aggression
• parental conflict is the culprit (centerted on dysfunctional ways of resolving conflicts)
• husbands whose parents divorced exhibited more anger and contempt in their marital interactions

the attitude of noncommitment of marriage

o children learn that marriage is not permanent
o attitude of divorce has a viable option for resolving marital problems
o people whose parents divorced hold weaker, less positive attitudes toward marriage (i.e. marriage need not last forever, divorce is a solution to a bad marriage)
o however it is family origin conflict, not parental divorce per se that causes these weak marital attitudes

lower relationship efficacy

o belief in your ability to solve relational problems
o cui et al. studies adults romantic relationships
o parental divorce was associated with high parental conflict
o parental conflict > lower relationship efficacy
o lower relationship efficacy > higher conflict
o conflict> lower relationship quality
o parent conflict/divorce> low relationship efficacy > offspring conflict > poor romantic relationship quality

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