Which of the following are considered aspects of the qualitative characteristic of relevance under the conceptual framework?

The Board discussed the second of three expected papers considering issues related to qualitative characteristics. In May, the Boards considered the qualitative characteristics of relevance and reliability (faithful representation). The Board discussed qualitative characteristics other than relevance and faithful representation.

Comparability

The staff made the following recommendations:

  • Comparability is an important characteristic of decision-useful information and should be included as a qualitative characteristic in the converged conceptual framework.

The Board deferred a decision on this issue to the next meeting.

  • Comparability and consistency should be separately defined.

The Board agreed.

  • Relevance and faithful representation should have primacy compared to comparability and consistency.

The Board asked the Staff to rephrase this issue so that relevance and faithful representation would not be seen as 'trumping' comparability.

  • Disclosures can help to compensate when comparability or consistency is overridden by a greater need for relevance or faithful representation.

The Board agreed.

In addition to the above, Board members made the following points:

  • In practice, too much emphasis is placed on comparability, sometimes leading to incorrect accounting for the sake of comparability. In Japan, comparability is subsumed with faithful representation so as to de-emphasis it. Consequently, care should be taken to avoid 'contrived uniformity' as this is not comparability.
  • The staff were asked to strengthen the wording around comparability to bring a focus on structuring schemes. The message would be that, regardless of how transactions are designed, if the economic phenomenon is the same, the accounting should be comparable.
  • Consistency will be subsumed within comparability.

Understandability

The staff made the following recommendations:

  • Users (including non-professionals as well as professionals) are assumed to have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting and a willingness to study the information with reasonable diligence.

While the Board agreed, the staff was asked to further explain who the intended user of IFRS is meant to be as this would assist the Board in determining the detail and sophistication of its literature.

  • Understandability is the quality of information that enables users to perceive its significance.

The Board agreed and added that information should be "capable of being understood."

  • Relevant information should not be excluded because it is too complex or difficult for certain users to understand.

The Board agreed.

  • Understandability is enhanced by the characterisation, aggregation, classification and presentation of financial information.

The Board agreed.

Materiality

The staff made the following recommendations, which the Board agreed with:

  • Materiality relates to faithful representation, in addition to relevance.
  • Materiality should be considered as a screen or filter to determine whether information is sufficiently significant to influence decisions of users in the context of the entity, rather than a qualitative characteristic itself.

Other candidates for qualitative characteristics

Having discussed the qualitative characteristics that presently exist in the IASB and FASB frameworks, the Board discussed whether other characteristics should be added. Two characteristics were identified by the Staff and discussed by the Board:

Transparency

In spite of its high profile use, the term transparent, is not a qualitative characteristic presently used or defined in any major accounting framework. The Board discussed this characteristic using the word 'succinctness' and concluded that this is subsumed within representational faithfulness therefore should not be a separate characteristic in itself.

True and fair

The staff recommended that true and fair should be considered as a component of representational faithfulness. The Board agreed.

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Which of the following are considered aspects of the qualitative characteristic of relevance under the conceptual framework?

The two fundamental qualitative characteristics of financial reports are relevance and faithful representation. The four enhancing qualitative characteristics are comparability, verifiability, timeliness and understandability.

Fundamental qualitative characteristics:

  1. Relevance
    The characteristic of relevance implies that the information should have predictive and confirmatory value for users in making and evaluating economic decisions. The relevance of information is affected by its nature and materiality. Information is material if omitting it or misstating it could influence decision making. A financial report should include all information which is material to a particular entity.
  1. Faithful representation
    The characteristic of faithful representation implies that financial information faithfully represents the phenomena it purports to represent. This depiction implies that the financial information is complete, neutral and free from error.

Enhancing qualitative characteristics:

  1. Comparability
    The characteristic of comparability implies that users of financial statements must be able to compare aspects of an entity at one time and over time, and between entities at one time and over time. Therefore, the measurement and display of transactions and events should be carried out in a consistent manner throughout an entity, or fully explained if they are measured or displayed differently.
  1. Verifiability
    The characteristic of verifiability provides assurance that the information faithfully represents what it purports to be representing.
  1. Timeliness
    The characteristic of timeliness means that the accounting information is available to all stakeholders in time for decision-making purposes.
  1. Understandability
    The characteristic of understandability implies that preparers of information have classified, characterised and presented the information clearly and concisely. The financial reports are prepared with the assumption that its users have a ‘reasonable knowledge’ of the business and its economic activities.

References:

  • Birt J., et al. (2020). Accounting: Business Reporting for Decision Making 7th John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
  • Google Image. (2021)

    What are the qualitative characteristics of relevance?

    The four enhancing qualitative characteristics are comparability, verifiability, timeliness and understandability. The characteristic of relevance implies that the information should have predictive and confirmatory value for users in making and evaluating economic decisions.

    Which of the following is an aspect of relevance according to the Conceptual Framework?

    The Conceptual Framework (2010) identifies relevance and faithful representation as the two fundamental qualitative characteristics which make financial information useful. Financial information is relevant if it would potentially affect or make a difference in its consumer's decision.

    Which of the following relates to relevance as a qualitative characteristic of accounting information?

    The fundamental qualitative characteristics that make accounting information useful are relevance and faithful representation. Relevant information only has predictive value, confirmatory value, or both. Information that is a faithful representation is characterized as having predictive or confirmatory value.

    What are the 4 qualitative characteristics of accounting?

    Qualitative characteristics of accounting information that impact how useful the information is:.
    Verifiability..
    Timeliness..
    Understandability..
    Comparability..