Consider the criterion of subjective distress in the determination of a mental disorder. Which statement best describes its usefulness in deciding whether a given situation is "abnormal"? Show
b. Subjective distress is not a sufficient or necessary condition for us to consider something as abnormal. c. Subjective distress is necessary but not a sufficient condition for us to consider something as abnormal. d. Subjective distress is not necessary but is a sufficient condition for us to consider something as abnormal. b The vast majority of people have not climbed to the peak of Mount Everest. Those who have represent a very small portion of the total population, but they would not be labeled as abnormal for having done so. This demonstrates the pitfall
of using __________ as a lone criterion of abnormality. b. statistical deviancy c. maladaptiveness d. subjective distress b Which symptom represents the irrationality and unpredictability criterion of abnormality? b. a person who adheres to a religion that is not regarded as being mainstream in her cultural surroundings c. a person who rides a roller coaster with their hands over their head, screaming in delight throughout the ride d. a person who begins to speak in rhymes instead of using coherent sentences d The current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, __________, was published in 2013. b. DSM-IV-TR c. DSM-7.1 d. DSM-III-R a What is meant by the statement that the development of the most recent version of the DSM was based on some contradictory themes? b. Diagnostic categories that have been validated by years of research were removed from the latest DSM because insurance companies refused to pay for the treatment of these conditions. c. The most recent DSM has separated diagnoses into those that are deemed "treatable" and those that are believed to be "untreatable." d. The process sought to maintain continuity with the previous edition while also placing no limits on the changes that were needed. d At its most fundamental level, the classification of mental
disorders gives us a __________, which provide(s) clinicians with a common language and shorthand terms for complex clinical situations. b. set of assessment tools c. nomenclature d. stigma c Automatic beliefs concerning other people that we learn as we grow up in a given culture are called __________. b. discriminations c. stereotypes d. nomenclatures c Goodwin (2014) analyzed 55 horror movies made between 2000 and 2012 and found that murderers are most often people who are depicted as suffering from __________. b. depression c. bipolar disorder d. psychosis d Which of the following would be the best use of
language to describe a person who has been diagnosed with a psychiatric condition? b. a 23-year-old person with schizophrenia c. a 65-year-old insomniac d. a 40-year-old manic-depressive b Which of the following would most likely reduce stigma toward people with mental illness? b. participating in studies on mental illness c. teaching people that mental illnesses are "brain disorders" d. an assignment completed by a group of students, some of whom have mental illness and some of whom do not d Which of the following examples best demonstrates how cultural variations impact people's beliefs? b. People from Christian countries often believe that the number 13 is unlucky, while Japanese people are more likely to avoid the number 4. c. People in Mexico may take an hour or two off in the middle of the day, a custom known as siesta. d. There are no cultures in the world where homosexuality is regarded as the expected, primary sexual orientation b A person who goes to a therapist and describes themselves as being depressed would most likely be from which culture? b. European American c. Southeast Asian d. Native Alaskan b José's father, Bastian, immigrated to America from the Caribbean ten years ago. Two months ago, Bastian's wife died after a lengthy battle with cancer. Bastian has recently been displaying crying fits, seizure-like episodes and, at times, aggressive behaviors. Medical professionals have been unable to identify a physical cause for Bastian's stress. Caribbean family members suspect that Bastian is suffering from __________. a. jinjinia bemar b. windigo c. mal de ojo d. ataque de nervios d The term __________ refers to the number of
active cases of a given condition or disorder that occurs during a given period of time. b. epidemic c. incidence d. prevalence d Why are there no comprehensive lifetime prevalence data regarding diagnosis of disorders as spelled out in the DSM-5? a. Insurance companies are unwilling to let the general public be informed about overall prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders. b. The manual has not been in use long enough to gather those data. c. The American Psychiatric Association has not allowed the data to be released to the public. d. It is unethical to collect data on such prevalence rates according to a single diagnostic system. b According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), which person would be most likely to suffer from more than one diagnosable psychiatric condition? a. Brian, who has been diagnosed with moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder b. Annabelle, who has been diagnosed with severe panic disorder c. Dominic, whose therapist has yet to make a definitive diagnosis to describe his symptoms d. Charlene, who has been diagnosed with mild bipolar disorder b According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), which category of psychological disorders is the most common? a. anxiety disorders b. mood disorders c. major depressive disorder d. alcohol abuse disorder a What is meant by data indicating that anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and substance use disorders together account for 184 million DALYs? a. These disorders result in the loss of $184 million that would otherwise be earned. b. These disorders result in the loss of 184 million years of otherwise "healthy" life. c. These disorders result in the loss of 184 million years in therapy. d. These disorders result in the loss of 184 million years, as estimated by the economic and social costs of these disorders b While a(n) __________ condition is somewhat short in duration, a(n) __________ condition lasts for a longer period of time. a. explicit; implicit b. distal; proximal c. acute; chronic d. primary; secondary c What is a main reason why our understanding of mental disorders has grown so much over time? a. Research journals have finally started publishing data related to the incidence and prevalence of psychiatric conditions. b. The methodologies used to study these conditions are constantly expanding and improving. c. We no longer rely on non-experimental techniques to study these illnesses. d. The ethical restrictions that once prevented such research are no longer in place. b Which of the following statements best reflects Kazdin's quote about research methodology? a. Research methodology is simply a compilation of practices and procedures. b. Research methodology consistently reflects prevailing cultural interests and values. c. Research methodology is an approach toward problem solving, thinking, and acquiring knowledge. d. Research methodology is often plagued with scientist bias and assumptions. c Why are case studies subject to the effects of bias? a. They cannot use random assignment for the elimination of the effects of confounding variables. b. The writer of the case study selects what information to include and omit. c. They do not lend themselves to statistical analysis, which is needed to eliminate bias. d. People responding to the questions of a case study may give answers that they think you want to hear rather than being truly honest. b One of the problems with case study research is the issue of __________, or the extent to which findings in that one study can be used to draw conclusions about other, similar cases. a. statistical relevance b. internal validity c. standardization d. generalizability d Theresa, a developmental psychologist, is studying nurturing play among preschool girls. She has been trained in observing certain nurturing behaviors in young girls. Theresa observes girls playing on their preschool playground and records the number of times the girls hug, hold hands, and wave at each other. This type of observation is called __________. a. indirect observation b. direct observation c. natural observation d. guided observation b Imagine you want to design a study to better understand whether students in your class skim the assigned textbook chapters or read them in full. What experimental method would likely lead to biased results? a. administering a survey asking students if they read the assigned chapters in detail b. using an online textbook that monitors the amount of time students spend on each page c. administering a survey including questions that were answered in the last assigned chapter d. using an fMRI to monitor students' brain activity while asking them questions about the content of the last chapter a What distinguishes scientific hypotheses from everyday vague speculation? a. Hypotheses are made based on theoretical data while speculation is a result of actual observations. b. Scientists attempt to test their hypotheses with appropriate methodologies. c. Hypotheses always become theories, while speculation usually leads to no further consideration. d. Hypotheses are generally correct, while speculation is generally inaccurate. b Dr. Ray has just conducted a study examining suicidal thoughts and behaviors among non-heterosexual teenagers. He is very confident that the results of his study are accurate. Dr. Ray would thus say that his study has high __________. a. interrater reliability b. external validity c. internal validity d. test-retest reliability c What is the difference between a comparison group and a criterion group in abnormal psychology research? a. The comparison group is made up of those people who are observed before treatment for a disorder is given, while those in the criterion group are studied after the treatment has been given. b. The criterion group is made up of those people who are observed before treatment for a disorder is given, while those in the comparison group are studied after the treatment has been given. c. The criterion group consists of people who do not exhibit the disorder being studied, while people in the comparison group do. d. The comparison group consists of people who do not exhibit the disorder being studied, while people in the criterion group do. d
Which of the following is likely to compromise external validity? a. if the sample includes only college males b. if there are typos in the measures administered c. if the participants in the study know what the experimenters' hypothesis was d. if the experimenter is sure his hypotheses are correct before conducting the experiment a When someone says that the findings of a given study are statistically significant, what are you being told? a. There was a strong association between the two research variables that was independent of the size of the sample. b. The data gathered were capable of being analyzed using known statistical methods. c. The movement of one variable is a direct predictor of the movement of a second variable. d. The study's findings were rather unlikely to have occurred by chance. d Why is a meta-analysis a better way to summarize research findings than a standard literature review? a. A meta-analysis has statistical significance, while a literature review does not. b. The meta-analysis uses effect sizes from many different research studies. c. A meta-analysis is a form of experimental research, while a literature review is only correlational in design. d. A meta-analysis uses actual research participants while a literature review does not. b Courtney recently learned about a correlational study that revealed that 40 percent of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia are also left-handed. What can be assumed about schizophrenia and left-handedness on the basis of this information? a. A positive correlational relationship exists between being diagnosed with schizophrenia and being left-handed. b. Being left-handed may cause schizophrenia. c. A negative correlational relationship exists between being diagnosed with schizophrenia and being left-handed. d. Left-handed persons are more likely to have psychological problems. a Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation? a. As alcoholic drinks consumed increases, insobriety increases. b. As number of hours of sleep increases, hours spent eating remains the same. c. As alcoholic drinks consumed increases, coordination decreases. d. As insomnia increases, fatigue increases. c In experimental research, a phenomenon that is observed—the outcome variable of interest—is called the __________ variable. a. extraneous b. confounding c. dependent d. independent
c Why does experimental research allow for conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships between variables? a. It allows for the determination of a correlational coefficient that describes the relationship between two variables. b. It is the only type of research that gathers data capable of being analyzed statistically. c. There is manipulation of one variable and then observation of how another variable is affected. d. This type of research allows for the elimination of a control group. c An experimenter wants to make sure that all of her participant groups are as similar as possible before the intervention being researched is applied. She takes her pool of participants and divides them into four different groups, making sure that each person has the same chance of being placed in any of those groups. What is the name for the procedure used to keep these groups approximately equivalent? a. random selection b. random assignment c. representative sampling d. snowball sampling b What is the central feature of a single-case research design that employs the experimental method? a. Records about a single individual are studied in-depth after that person's death to determine the nature of their psychological challenges. b. Two variables are measured as they are applied to a single person, allowing for the calculation of an individual correlation coefficient. c. Two or more different experimental groups are designed, each with one participant. This helps eliminate external variables from influencing the research. d. The same individual is studied over time, perhaps before and after a specific treatment has been applied. d A(n) __________ study uses an approximation of a given topic as the central focus of the research. This might involve using animals and then generalizing from their behaviors to those that may be seen in human beings. a. comparative b. zoological c. analogue d. quasi-experimental c Which of the following types of psychological difficulties has posed major problems to all societies, with historical evidence of the disorder within Western civilization for over 2,000 years and even some evidence within writings from ancient Egypt? a. intermittent explosive disorder b. depression c. agoraphobia d. kleptomania b Although many early societies believed that mental illness was a sign of spiritual possession, people with such conditions were often treated with considerable awe and respect. Why? a. There were no treatments for such possession, so those afflicted were seen to "represent the wrath and punishment of God." b. It was believed that they had supernatural powers. c. There were writings from physicians like Hippocrates that supernatural possession was a sign of tremendous intelligence. d. It was understood that these people were witches, and treating them badly could lead to deadly punishments. b Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, classified all mental disorders into three categories. What were they? a. mania, melancholia, and phrenitis b. anxiety, depression, and psychosis c. neurosis, psychosis, and delusion d. phlebitis, sanguine, and melancholia a Jordan lives in the time of Hippocrates and has been demonstrating the symptoms of a mental illness. If he is to be treated by the famed physician, which of the following would be recommended as part of his recovery? a. abstinence from exercise to avoid overexertion b. a regular course of increased sexual activity c. removing Jordan from his family during his treatment d. a diet high in meat content to create a protein boost in his blood c How did early Chinese medicine differ from some other cultures—Hebrews and Egyptians, for example—in their understanding of mental illnesses? a. Chinese medicine was based on a belief in natural rather than supernatural causes of illnesses. b. Chinese medicine examined the way herbal remedies could be used to treat such conditions, while other cultures placed no stock in these approaches. c. Chinese physicians were required to be trained and certified spiritual leaders (i.e., priests) in order to treat the mentally ill, while other cultures had no such requirement. d. Chinese medicine was focused on invasive surgical methods, while other cultures emphasized non-invasive methods. a Why does Johann Weyer have the reputation as the founder of modern psychopathology even though he was a German physician and writer from the early 1500s? a. He specialized in the study and attempted treatment of people with mental illness. b. He argued that people who were exhibiting odd behaviors were using witchcraft. c. He believed that the moon exerted a supernatural influence over the brain. d. He argued for deinstitutionalization. a Starting in the sixteenth century, people considered to be "insane" were housed in __________. a. asylums b. inpatient units c. churches d. homeless shelters a Which of the following can help explain why treatment techniques within asylums tended to be aggressive and cruel? a. The philosophy of treatment at the time held that patients could choose rationality over mental illness. b. The philosophy of treatment at the time held that aggressive patients should be met with aggression. c. No other forms of treatment were effective. d. People believed that the mentally ill had become ill due to unethical behaviors. a Which physician, placed in charge of La Bicêtre hospital in Paris, began the humanitarian reform by unchaining patients and treating them with kindness and consideration? a. Philippe Pinel b. William Tuke c. Benjamin Rush d. Dorothea Dix a During the early period of humanitarian reform, the use of __________ became relatively widespread. This involved focusing on a patient's social, individual, and occupational needs and also emphasized rehabilitating a patient's "character" as part of their treatment. a. institutionalization b. case management c. moral management d. milieu therapy c Which experiences led Dorothea Dix to undertake a rigorous campaign to reform policies that resulted in the inhumane treatment of mentally ill persons? a. She was a psychiatrist from the state of New Hampshire, and her final training facility was a mental institution where people were tortured as part of their treatments. b. She was the first elected governor of Massachusetts and, as a part of her political responsibilities, had to tour the publicly-funded facilities in her state, including prisons and hospitals. c. She was mentally ill herself and underwent torturous treatment before eventually recovering. d. She taught in a women's prison and became familiar with the deplorable conditions in jails, almshouses, and asylums. d Which of the following best describes the beliefs of psychiatrists in the early nineteenth century? a. Mental disorders arise from biological abnormalities. b. Mental disorders arise from bad parenting. c. Mental disorders arise from supernatural causes. d. Mental disorders arise from nervous exhaustion, or the depletion of bodily energies after excesses in living. d Asylums, by Erving Goffman, The Snake Pit, by Jane Ward, and A Mind That Found Itself, by Clifford Beers were each influential in drawing attention to __________. a. inhumane aspects of institutionalized mental health care in the U.S. b. inhumane aspects of mental health care in other parts of the world c. the potential pitfalls of deinstitutionalization d. similarities between straitjackets and chains a During the latter half of the twentieth century, what movement caused a large number of psychiatric, state, and county mental hospitals to close? a. humanitarian reform b. institutionalization c. deinstitutionalization d. privatization of health care c Which of the following pieces of legislation was a program that funded community mental health hospitals, passed in the mid-1900s? a. the NIMH Act b. the Hill-Burton Act c. the Country Asylums Act d. the Francis Sumner Law b Emil is a psychiatrist in the early 1800s. What will his role be in the treatment of the patients of the asylum where he works? a. He will be the supervisor of all of the "lay-therapists" in the facility, making sure that patients are given adequate care and humane treatment. b. He will be relatively inconsequential in the care of the insane who are housed at the facility. c. He will probably be the head of the facility, as no other individuals in that era were interested in helping the mentally ill. d. His job will be to bathe and feed the patients only. Anything resembling treatment will be non-existent b How did physicians in the late nineteenth century come to identify a relationship between mental illnesses and physical conditions? a. They saw that people suffering from schizophrenia often showed complete remission of symptoms after being injected with large doses of insulin and experiencing a related "insulin seizure." b. They injected people who suffered from general paresis with material from syphilis sores and found that these patients did not subsequently develop syphilis. c. They labeled the first identified neurotransmitter, serotonin, and recognized its relationship to mood and anxious disorders. d. They created a new intervention, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), that was successful in the treatment of hysterical syndrome disorder b Janelle is writing a paper about the surgical techniques used by Walter Freeman in the United States in the mid-1900s. What would be the best title for her paper? a. "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Noninvasive Advantage" b. "The Split-Brain Procedure: Gruesome or Genius?" c. "Surgical Removal of Infected Body Parts to Promote Mental Health" d. "The Clinical Utility of the Lobotomy" d Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker found that chlorpromazine incidentally reduced symptoms of psychosis and mania. Later on, researchers discovered that this drug targeted which neurotransmitter? a. serotonin b. glutamate c. dopamine d. norepinephrine c The techniques first made famous by Franz Anton Mesmer, where he claimed to treat a variety of diseases using "animal magnetism," were the precursors to modern __________. a. milieu therapy b. hypnosis c. sleep inoculation training d. copper bracelets b The term catharsis is loosely synonymous with which of the following phrases? a. relationship transfer b. emotional release c. free association d. dream content b. A __________ cause is one that must exist in order for a disorder to occur. a. proximal b. necessary c. sufficient d. distal b Why is it necessary to consider the effects of distal risk factors in the development of psychopathology? a. Distal risk factors serve a preventative function, leading to a decreased risk of psychiatric disorders at a later time. b. Distal risk factors are more highly correlated with multiple diagnoses occurring at the same time, so they need to be assessed. c. Sometimes, events that occur in the present may not show their impact until far into the future. d. The likely success of psychotherapy depends on which distal risk factors are or are not present. c The ability to adapt successfully to even very difficult circumstances is called __________. a. perseverance b. resilience c. hardiness d. a challenge orientation b Four-year-old Amber's parents are concerned that she still wets the bed at night, and they want to know if there is a problem that needs intervention. From a __________ perspective, the best way to answer this question would be to research other 4-year-olds to determine if Amber's bedwetting is abnormal. a. developmental psychopathology b. lifespan development c. neurodevelopmental d. biopsychosocial a Research suggests that childhood abuse is associated with the risk of developing depression later in life. However, not everyone who experiences childhood abuse develops depression, and many people who develop depression did not experience childhood abuse. Childhood abuse is thus which of the following? a. a sufficient cause of depression b. a necessary cause of depression c. a necessary and sufficient cause of depression d. a contributory cause of depression d A __________ cause is one that must exist in order for a disorder to occur. a. sufficient b. necessary c. distal d. proximal b Why is it necessary to consider the effects of distal risk factors in the development of psychopathology? a. Sometimes, events that occur in the present may not show their impact until far into the future. b. Distal risk factors serve a preventative function, leading to a decreased risk of psychiatric disorders at a later time. c. Distal risk factors are more highly correlated with multiple diagnoses occurring at the same time, so they need to be assessed. d. The likely success of psychotherapy depends on which distal risk factors are or are not present. a The ability to adapt successfully to even very difficult circumstances is called __________. a. hardiness b. resilience c. a challenge orientation d. perseverance b Four-year-old Amber's parents are concerned that she still wets the bed at night, and they want to know if there is a problem that needs intervention. From a __________ perspective, the best way to answer this question would be to research other 4-year-olds to determine if Amber's bedwetting is abnormal. a. lifespan development b. developmental psychopathology c. biopsychosocial d. neurodevelopmental b Research suggests that childhood abuse is associated with the risk of developing depression later in life. However, not everyone who experiences childhood abuse develops depression, and many people who develop depression did not experience childhood abuse. Childhood abuse is thus which of the following? a. a contributory cause of depression b. a sufficient cause of depression c. a necessary and sufficient cause of depression d. a necessary cause of depression a Julia's friend explains that she struggles with alcoholism because of "bad genes." This explanation represents the __________ perspective of abnormal behavior. a. psychological b. biological c. environmental d. sociocultural b Dr. Austin takes an approach to understanding psychopathology that considers the way in which multiple types of influences affect one's mental functioning. He also pays attention to the cultural context in which behaviors occur to determine what is and is not considered to be abnormal. Dr. Austin adheres to the __________ model. a. cognitive-behavioral b. biopsychosocial c. neurocognitive d. humanistic-existential b Dr. Yang studies psychopathology by investigating how dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and behaviors can contribute to abnormal behavior. Dr. Yang is looking at behavior from a __________ perspective. a. biopsychosocial b. biological c. sociological d. psychological d If a child is born with the genes to develop an illness called PKU, his or her parents will be instructed to monitor the amount of a specific amino acid in that child's diet. If the child is prevented from taking in too much of that chemical, the effects of the condition can be significantly reduced. What does this demonstrate? a. the principle of polygenic inheritance b. the difference between one's chromosomal pattern and his or her genetic pattern c. a genotype-environment interaction d. the diathesis-stress model c The study of __________ has traditionally used three primary methods to examine the heritability of mental disorders: (1) the family history method, (2) the twin method, and (3) the adoption method. a. developmental psychopathology b. lifespan development c. behavior genetics d. behavioral neuroscience c Which of the following misconceptions regarding genetic influences on behavior, traits, and psychopathology is negated by the fact that one's capacity for developing ability can change if there is a change in their environment? a. Strong genetic effects mean that environmental influences are unimportant. b. Disorders that run in families must be genetic, while those that do not run in families must not be genetic. c. Genetic strategies are of no value for studying environmental influences. d. Genes provide a limit to one's potential. d __________ refers to the way that a child reacts and self-regulates. Starting during infancy, the following five dimensions of this construct can be identified: fearlessness, irritability/ frustration, __________, and attentional persistence. a. Personality; positive affect b. Temperament; positive affect c. Temperament; negative affect d. Personality; negative affect b The temperament dimension of fearfulness and irritability in infants has been found to correspond to the adult personality dimension of __________. a. extraversion b. agreeableness c. conscientiousness d. neuroticism d In the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, the __________, which is the basic emotional and psychic energy of life, is believed to be constituted by life instincts. a. superego b. libido c. primary process d. ego b James is very disappointed that his wife has been less interested in having sex with him lately. One evening after his advances are declined, he has a childish temper tantrum about never getting his way in the bedroom. This demonstrates the ego-defense mechanism of __________. a. sublimation b. fixation c. displacement d. regression d For which of the following reasons would it be accurate to say that the work of Freud, for all of its shortcomings, has been particularly important and influential? a. His work promoted an understanding of the eight stages of psychosocial development, along with the crises that occur within each stage. b. He advanced our understanding of the way in which one's genetic background contributes to their present and future behaviors. c. His theory emphasized that many of the same psychological principles apply to both normal and abnormal behaviors. d. His work was groundbreaking in its focus on orientations, or dispositions, that people adopt from their interactions with others. c In an experiment, every time a participant sees the color red, they are given an electric shock. Over time, participants flinch as soon as they see the color red. Later in the experiment, the experimenter repeatedly shows the color red without pairing it with a shock. Eventually, participants stop flinching when they see the color red. In this experiment, red is the __________ and __________ is the process that happens when the color red is shown repeatedly without a shock. a. stimulus-stimulus expectancy; spontaneous recovery b. conditioned stimulus; extinction c. unconditioned response; spontaneous recovery d. unconditioned stimulus; extinction b
The concept of reinforcement, which is the delivery of a reward or the removal of an aversive stimulus, is essential to the theory of __________. a. classical conditioning b. operant conditioning c. insight learning d. latent learning b In a study of the effects of early-life deprivation, children in a Romanian orphanage demonstrated which of the following neurological patterns? a. reprogramming of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus b. lower total gray matter volume c. thickening of the corpus callosum d. decreased generalized activity in the reticular activating system b Analiese is a child being raised by her grandmother who did not want to have to take on this responsibility. As a result, the grandmother often behaves in an abusive fashion, and Analiese is regularly mistreated. Which type of attachment is she likely to demonstrate? a. an anxious-ambivalent attachment b. a disorganized and disoriented attachment c. an insecure avoidant attachment d. a preconventional attachment b Research finds that when a father suffers from mental illness or is minimally involved in caretaking during a child's infancy, it is related to a greater child and adolescent psychopathology. Which of the following conditions is particularly related to these factors? a. panic disorder b. delinquency c. borderline personality disorder d. illness anxiety disorder b What are the two parental dimensions that distinguish the different parenting styles, including authoritative, authoritarian, permissive/indulgent, and neglectful/uninvolved? a. approach and avoidance b. emotionality and pragmatism c. warmth and control d. reliance and distancing c While the divorce rate around the world is about __________ percent, the United States has the highest such rate of about __________ percent. a. 25; 60 b. 20; 40 c. 10; 30 d. 15; 75 b Whereas the prevalence of depression in Japan is only 3 percent, in the United States the prevalence is almost six times that, at 17 percent. Which of the following factors likely impacts this discrepancy? a. sociocultural factors b. genetic differences c. lower rates of stress in Japan d. higher self-esteem among people in Japan a
What section was added to the newest version of the DSM to take into account the role of culture in the experience and expression of mental illness? a. Cultural Idioms of Stress b. Cultural Formulation c. Cultural Explanations d. Cultural Perspective b After being fired from their job and a recent fight with their spouse, they reported fatigue, weakness, and other physical complaints. In which country is this a common reaction to these types of events? a. France b. China c. Japan d. United States b Which of the following descriptions best reflects the characteristics of a securely attached child in Japanese culture? a. a child who is dependent, emotionally restrained, and can express his feelings only in an indirect manner b. a child who is dependent, emotionally labile, and quick to express her feelings to others c. a child who is independent, aloof, and restrained in her emotional expression d. a child who is assertive, independently explores his environment, and openly expresses his feelings a How did physicians in the late nineteenth century come to identify a relationship between mental illnesses and physical conditions?How did physicians in the late nineteenth century come to identify a relationship between mental illnesses and physical conditions? They injected people who suffered from general paresis with material from syphilis sores and found that these patients did not subsequently develop syphilis.
How was mental illness treated in the early 1900s?The use of social isolation through psychiatric hospitals and “insane asylums,” as they were known in the early 1900s, were used as punishment for people with mental illnesses.
What was the purpose of the early asylums?The word asylum came from the earliest (religious) institutions which provided asylum in the sense of refuge to the mentally ill.
Who established the first experimental psychology laboratory which influenced many researchers in the empirical study of abnormal behavior?
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Which of the following best describes the beliefs of psychiatrists in the early nineteenth century
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