Which of the following best explains the relationship between GDP per capita and world system theory quizlet?

Read the definitions below and then answer the question that follows.

Watershed: A region in which all rainfall eventually flows downhill through a system of streams and tributaries into the same body of water, such as the catchment basin of a river or lake.

Milkshed: A region in which fresh milk is produced and can be delivered without spoilage for sale and consumption. A dairy farm sits at the center of an area, the size of which is determined by how far fresh milk can be shipped and still maintain shelf-life for consumers.

Given the definitions, watersheds and milksheds can best be classified as what type of region?

1. Social Science
2. Human Geography
3. Development Geography

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7.1
In the context of industrialization, how does the use of the building materials in Image 1 compare to the use of building materials in Image 2 ?

The development of the metals industry led to the construction of higher and longer bridges, a reduced need for stone as a building material, and rapid industrialization.
-Correct. The availability of iron to construct bridges, such as the one shown, led to construction of stronger bridges and increased demand for stronger building materials that facilitated the rapid growth of industrialization to meet demand.

The two images illustrate advancements in technology resulting from the Industrial Revolution. Comparing the images, which of the following statements best illustrates an impact of the Industrial Revolution on society?

The invention of the steam engine and the construction of steel bridges to carry trains across various physical features led to ever-increasing demand for the materials and labor to build more trains and tracks.
-Correct. The images show interrelated inventions that came out of the Industrial Revolution: a rail yard and steel bridges that allowed trains to go across physical features such as rivers and gorges rather than having to go around them, advancing travel for people and improving delivery of products.

Compare the two images. What do the technologies shown demonstrate about the Industrial Revolution?

The increased transportation technology has enabled the diffusion and expansion of industrial activities.
-Correct. Faster transportation technologies as shown in the images facilitated the global spread of industrialization.

7.2
The port of Los Angeles is the busiest port in the United States and a major break-of-bulk point. Which of the following statements correctly explains why Los Angeles is a break-of-bulk point?

The port can accommodate large container ships that can be unloaded quickly so that containers can be transferred onto carriers that use California's highway and rail systems.
-Correct. Containers can be off-loaded from ships quickly and efficiently and transferred to another type of transportation. A break-of-bulk point is a location where goods are transferred from one type of carrier to a different type of carrier.

Which of the following best explains the relationship between GDP per capita and world system theory?

There is an uneven distribution of economic development and geographical division of labor in the world.
-Correct. Countries with the highest GDP correlate with Wallerstein's theory of core countries and reflect tertiary, quaternary, and quinary economic activities. Countries with the lowest GDP correlate with Wallerstein's periphery and reflect labor focused in primary economic activities with some secondary economic activities.

Which of the following explains the spatial patterns of economic development for most countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam?

Most Southeast Asian countries are considered to be part of the semiperiphery because of the extensive growth of the secondary economic sector.
-Correct. Because of the growth of manufacturing in the region and the development of a dominant secondary economy, most Southeast Asian countries are considered part of the semiperiphery.

7.3
Which of the following statements explains one of the limitations associated with utilizing the measures of development shown in the table above?

All the statistics aggregate data to the country level. Frequently, there is a great deal of variation in development within countries that is hidden by aggregated data.
-Correct. This is one of the limitations of the data. It is particularly true in large countries (both large area and large population) where there is likely to be a great deal of regional variation.

Using the data in the table, which of the following explains a limitation of using gross national income (GNI) per capita as the only measure of a country's level of development?

A country can have a high level of economic and social development that is not reflected in annual production and trade data.
-Correct. Countries like New Zealand and Ireland have very high levels of social and economic development, as shown in the Human Development Index (HDI) score, but can have GNI per capita at or below $30,000.

Based on the data in the table, which of the following statements is accurate?

Increased levels of economic development often conceal gender inequities.
-Correct. Australia's higher adolescent birth rate and Ireland's low number of women in parliament both contribute to a higher-than-expected Gender Inequality Index ranking than what is expected for a country with a very high Human Development Index score, in the top five rankings for the Human Development Index.

7.4
Spain0.08028,157
Kuwait0.27029,040
Sources: United Nations Development Programme, World Bank
Which of the following statements is most consistent with the data shown in the table?

There are a large number of women in the Spanish legislature, but few women have been elected in Kuwait.
-Correct. Although Kuwait has a higher per capita GDP than Spain, Kuwait's Gender Inequality Index score is significantly higher. This indicates that few women have been elected to Kuwait's national legislature.

Which of the following statements accurately compares a difference between the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Inequality Index (GII) as shown in the table?

Although there are more women in the wage labor force, females do not necessarily have the same level of empowerment as men.
-Correct. Even in more-developed countries where large number of women are in the wage labor force, females may lack political empowerment.

Australia, Ireland, and Germany have the highest GII values in the table shown. What do these countries' high GII values indicate when compared to their HDI values?

These countries have less gender equality despite high levels of education and health care.
-Correct. Higher GII scores, compared to HDI values, indicate more political and social disparity between males and females.

7.5
Which of the following statements explains a weakness in Rostow's stages of economic growth model?

The model is based on successive stages that countries must pass through independently until they reach high mass consumption without taking into account that countries are interdependent.
-Correct. Rostow's stages of economic growth model is based on the idea of successive stages of development that all countries must pass through independently until full development is attained without taking the concept of interdependence into account, such as a less-developed country being dependent upon more-developed countries for loans and investment.

Which of the following explains a limitation of the three-tiered structure of Wallerstein's world systems theory?

The model locks most countries into the development model of core, semiperiphery, and periphery with little opportunity for peripheral economies to advance into the wealthy core.
-Correct. The model sorts countries into one of three categories: core, semiperiphery, or periphery. Once assigned to a category, countries have little opportunity for advancement into a higher category.

Which statement explains one way in which the transformation of India's economy contradicts Wallerstein's world system theory?

Using a development strategy to avoid economic dependency, India has been able to develop its own industries and participate fully in the global economy.
-Correct. India has promoted considerable economic growth by using a development strategy based on self-sufficiency and participation in the global economy. Wallerstein's world system theory does not include a discussion of any development strategies or processes other than the impacts of trade and post-colonial dependency.

7.6
Which of the following best explains a benefit of membership in the European Union?

Member states form a single market, which creates a powerful economic bloc.
-Correct. The European single market allows for free trade within the European Union and enables member states to negotiate international trade agreements as a bloc. This gives member states more economic power than they would likely have independently.

Which of the following concepts explains the decision to relocate market-oriented factories in the United States from the Midwest and Northeast to locations in the southern United States or Mexico?

Comparative advantage, because products can be made more efficiently in the southern United States and Mexico. Operating costs and wages are lower, and the manufactured products are easily transported to major United States markets.
-Correct. The concept of comparative advantage may reflect lower costs for labor, land, and capital. Thus, relocating a manufacturing firm from a higher-cost location to a lower-cost location will result in a comparative advantage over firms that continue to operate in higher-cost areas.

Which of the following best explains a trading relationship between two countries based on comparative advantage?

Each country specializes in the type of good for which it has the lowest opportunity cost, resulting in a higher global output of both types of goods.
-Correct. If each country specializes in the type of good for which it has a comparative advantage in terms of opportunity cost, this division of production should yield higher global outputs of both types of goods than would be the case if each country produced both of types of goods.

7.7
Which of the following statements best explains a limitation of the political map shown in conveying economic information?

In the context of free trade, the borders between the member states are irrelevant.
-Correct. A core function of the European Union is as a free trade zone where there are no tariffs or duties paid to ship goods between member states. Because the European Union functions as a free trade zone, the borders shown on the map are irrelevant in the context of free trade.

...

The map shows the locations of world financial, banking, and investment centers. Which of the following best explains a limitation of the map's representation of global economic patterns?
-Correct. The growth of industry in less developed countries and investment in business in less developed countries are important elements of the current global economy. The map is limited in that it shows only one aspect of the global economic pattern.

The map shows medical technology growth poles in the United States. Which of the following statements best explains a limitation of the map in showing the geographic context of these growth poles?

Each growth pole location is supported by an international network of researchers and multinational corporate partners.
-Correct. A single growth pole location may have a large staff of its own. However, medical research and the development of medical products may depend on a large network of research partners in foreign governments and universities, as well as corporate partners that are large multinational corporations.

7.8
Which of the following explains a significant obstacle to sustainable development in more developed countries?

The reliance on fossil energy sources for electric generation and vehicle fuel has depleted resources globally and contributed to atmospheric pollution in cities.
-Correct. More developed countries rely heavily on nonrenewable fossil energy for electric generation and vehicle fuels. These countries' economies depend upon the use of fossil fuels, which creates a major obstacle to sustainable development.

The country of Costa Rica has protected 25 percent of its land in the form of national parks or other protected areas. Which of the following best explains the desired effect of Costa Rica's process of land preservation?

Costa Rica's national parks and preserved areas are intended to promote international ecotourism and support the country's sustainable local economic development.
-Correct. Costa Rica has decided to ensure the environmental sustainability of its country through the promotion of ecotourism. Ecotourism brings in billions of dollars in revenue on an annual basis.

Which of the following explains a negative effect that can occur in countries that depend on ecotourism as a pathway to sustainable economic development?

The development of ecotourism can attract multinational tourism corporations that take their earnings out of the country while attracting tourists who impact the local environment.
-Correct. The popularity of ecotourism can have a negative impact on sustainable development if its success attracts multinational tourism-based corporations that run package tours or resorts that impact local ecosystems and then take the profits from ecotourism out of the country to corporate headquarters or foreign banks.

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