The Yanomamö, a South American culture, live in a village and spend most of their time searching for food and tending small gardens. Their primary tool is a stone ax, which they use for cutting down trees to expand their gardens. The Yanomamö are an example of a(n): Show A) Agrarian society B) Horticultural Society In the most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society, members are engaged primarily in food production. They increase their crop yields through such innovations as the plow. This type of society is call a(n) A) Hunting-and-gathering society B) Agrarian Society Which of the following is a characteristic of the emergence of industrial societies? A) Families and communities cannot continue to function as self-sufficient units D) All of the above Which of the following is a characteristic of a postindustrial society? A) Families
function as self-sufficient units C) The main output is services rather than goods Postindustrial societies are primarily concerned with.. A) The processing and control of information C) Both answers are true In The Other America, Michael Harrington is critical of what element of postindustrial societies proposed by Daniel Bell? A) The significance of white-collar workers A) The significance of white-collar workers A technologically sophisticated, pluralistic, interconnected globalized society is called a(n) A) Preindustrial society D) Postmodern Society In the United States, we listen to music imported from Jamaica, eat sushi and other Japanese foods, and watch movies produced in Italy. These are all features of a(n) A) Preindustrial society D) Postmodern Society True or False: False
True or False: True True or False: False True or False: False True or False: False True or False: True True or False: False True or False: False True or False: True True or
False: False Which of the following is true of social interaction? A) It requires technology B) It is reciprocal What is social interaction? A) The process of learning norms, values, and beliefs for effective participation in social groups C) A reciprocal exchange in which two or more people read, react, and respond to each other Which of the falling is an example of social interaction? A) Felipe and Mary participate in a video conference D) All of the above According to Berger and Luckmann, which of the following statements best describes the relationship between individuals and society? A) The development of an individual is independent from the development of the society in which the individual lives B) It is interdependent with individuals both creating society and being products of that society One of the crucial aspects of the relationship between dominant and subordinate groups is the.. A) Ability of the dominant group to set values and norms A) Ability of the dominant group to set values and norms Which of the following is not an example of the social construction of reality? A) Adolescence C) Childbirth Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized into the positions people occupy and the relationships between them? A) Government B) Social Structure Which of the following are examples of statuses? A) Son D) All of the above An ascribed status is a social position... A) Attained by a person either through that person's own efforts or through the application of wealth B) Assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics Which of the following statements about an ascribed status is correct? A) It is a naturally evolving status that is usually easy to change when an individual becomes older C) It is often biological in origin, but significant mainly because of the social meaning attached to it Which of the following is an example of an ascribed status? A) A South African A) A south African An achieved status is a social position... A) That is is within out power to change A) That is within our power to change An individual can acquire an achieved status by doing which of the following? A) Attending school D) All of the above Which of the following is an achieved status? A) Daughter C) News Reporter
Which of the following is true about master status? A) It is a term used by sociologists to refer to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society C) It is a status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position in society A young woman walks into her women's studies class, and looks at the person sitting to her left. He is the only male in the class. He is about 20 years old, wears a wedding ring, and carries a bag with a tennis racquet. Which of his characteristics is most likely his master status in the context of this class? A) His age C) His gender Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a set of expectations for people who occupy a given special position or status? A) Social role A) Social Role Which of the following statements about social roles is correct? A) The roles that belong to a given social status are generally performed in the same manner C) Actual performance of a social role varies from individual to individual Which term is used to refer to incompatible expectations that arise when the same person holds two or more social statuses? A) Role strain B) Role Conflict Elaine is a clinical sociologist who practices marriage and family therapy. She is also a college professor. One of her current students asks her if he can make an appointment for a therapy session. Elaine tells the student that she will refer him to a colleague because she feels that holding therapy sessions with a student might create... A) Role strain B) Role conflict The difficulty that arises when the same social status imposes conflicting demands and expectations is known as... A) Role conflict B) Role Strain Role exit is defined as... A) The process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity A) The process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity Which of the following is most likely to be a primary group? A) The players in the National Hockey League C) The members of a neighborhood softball team Any group or category to which people feel they belong is called a(n)... A) Secondary group C) In-group A temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal is called a(n).... A) Coalition A) Coalition Sociological research that maps sexual relationships among high school students in a given school is an example of research on.... A) Ascribed statuses C) Social Networks A group of businesswomen meets on a monthly basis to assist one another in advancing their careers. They give each other job leads and advice, and they invite business leaders to attend their sessions to provide further assistance. This group is an example of a(n).... A) Role
connection D) Social Network Which of the following is not an example of an electronic social network? A) Facebook C) FOX News Which of the following terms is used to refer to organized and persistent social systems centered on meeting basically societal needs? A) Collaboration networks B) Social Institutions Which of the following is an example of a social institution? A) The United States government A) The United States Government Functional prerequisites are.... A) Functions that a society must perform if it is to survive A) Functions that a society must perform if it is to survives Which of the following institutions helps fulfill the functional prerequisites of a society? A) Families D) All of the above Sociologists who use the conflict paradigm focus on.... A) the consequences of difference and how intuitions reinforce inequality
A) the consequences of difference and how intuitions reinforce inequality An abstract model of the essential characteristics of a phenomenon is called a(n).... A) Coalition B) Ideal Types By working at a specific task, people are more likely to become highly skilled and carry out a job with maximum efficiency. This is the rationale for the concept of.... A) Employment based on technical qualifications C) Division of Labor Bureaucratic norms dictate that people be judged on performance rather than personality. The goal of these norms is to.... A) Promote qual treatment A) Promote Equal Treatment Which of the following is present within the ideal bureaucracy? A) Subjective
performance standards B) Hiring based on technical qualifications Which of the following is true about bureaucratization? A) It is an element or process of society that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability. C) It is the process by which an organization increasingly relies on technical-rational decision making in the pursuit of efficiency Which of the following has been least shaped by McDonaldization? A) Sports stadiums D) Electricians The iron law of oligarchy is the principle... A) That all organizations, even democratic ones, tend to develop into a bureaucracy ruled by an elite few A) That all organizations, even democratic ones, tend to develop into a bureaucracy ruled by an elite few According to the classical theory of formal organization, workers are motivated almost entirely by.... A) Economic rewards A) Economic Rewards Planning based on the human relations approach focuses on.... A) Satisfying workers' economic expectations D) Resolving workers' feelings, frustrations, and emotional need for job satisfaction Ferdinand Tönnies would view hunting-and-gathering societies as examples of a(n)... A) Gemeinschaft A) Gemeinschaft Ferdinand Tönnies used the term __________ to refer to communities that are large, impersonal, and often urban, with little consensus concerning values or commitment to the group. A) Gemeinschaft B) Gesellschaft In a small town in the Midwest, all of the children attend the same school and most of the community members attend the same church. Everyone in this community knows everyone else, and they have shared numerous experiences with one another. This community would be characterized by Ferdinand Tönnies as a.... A) Gesellschaft D) Gemeinschaft Émile Durkheim suggested that as a society becomes more interdependent and as the division of labor grows, the nature of solidarity becomes more..... A) Mechanical B) Organic In Gerhard Lenski's view, societal organization is highly dependent on its level of..... A) Farming C) Technology Which of the following is considered a functional prerequisite?In sociological research, functional prerequisites are the basic needs (food, shelter, clothing, and money) that an individual requires to live above the poverty line. Functional prerequisites may also refer to the factors that allow a society to maintain social order.
Which of the following is characteristic of post industrial society?postindustrial society, society marked by a transition from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy, a transition that is also connected with subsequent societal restructuring.
Which of the following is characteristic of emergence of industrial societies?Which of the following is characteristic of the emergence of industrial societies? Families and communities could not continue to function as self-sufficient units. Individuals, villages, and regions began to exchange goods and services and become interdependent.
Which of the following would be an example of a social institution?Most societies' five major social institutions are the family, the state or government, economy, education, and religion. Each of these institutions has responsibilities that differ based on society.
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Which of the following institutions helps fulfill the functional prerequisites of a society?
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