What is a virus? A virus is a computer program that replicates itself by modifying system or application software and then traveling from computer to computer, via disks or a network. Most viruses are harmless, but some viruses can erase files on your hard drive, slow down your computer, or do other kinds of damage. You can protect your computer against most types of
viruses by installing virus protection software. See our security page for more information. Trojan Horses are impostors — files that claim to be something desirable — but, in fact, are malicious. A very important distinction between Trojan horse programs and true viruses is that they do not replicate themselves. Trojans contain malicious code that when triggered
cause loss, or even theft, of data. For a Trojan horse to spread, you must invite these programs onto your computers — for example, by opening an email attachment or downloading and running a file from the Internet. See our security page for more information. Worms are programs that replicate themselves from system to system without the use of a host file. This is in
contrast to viruses, which requires the spreading of an infected host file. Although worms generally exist inside of other files, often Word or Excel documents, there is a difference between how worms and viruses use the host file. Usually the worm will release a document that already has the "worm" macro inside the document. The entire document will travel from computer to computer, so the entire document should be considered the worm. See our
security page for more information. Ad-ware programs gather information from your computer for marketing purposes. The information is used to decide, for instance, which advertisements to display when you are on a specific Web site or which advertisements to display in pop-up windows on your desktop. Spyware programs also gather information from your computer,
but are less likely to have obtained your authorization to gather that information. Spyware may be more difficult to identify and remove, and may use that information for other purposes in addition to marketing. In the remainder of this document, the term malware (short for malicious software) is used to refer to both ad-ware, spyware, joke programs, and dialers. See our security page for more
information. Macro Virus: These type of virus infects word, excel, PowerPoint, access and other data files. Once infected repairing of these files is very much difficult. Master boot record files: MBR viruses are memory-resident viruses and copy itself to the first sector of a storage device which is used for partition tables or OS loading programs .A MBR virus will infect this particular area of Storage device instead of normal files. The easiest way to remove a MBR virus is to clean the MBR area, Boot sector virus: Boot sector virus infects the boot sector of a HDD or FDD. These are also memory resident in nature. As soon as the computer starts it gets infected from the boot sector. Cleaning this type of virus is very difficult. Multipartite virus: A hybrid of Boot and Program/file viruses. They infect program files and when the infected program is executed, these viruses infect the boot record. When you boot the computer next time the virus from the boot record loads in memory and then start infecting other program files on disk Polymorphic viruses: A virus that can encrypt its code in different ways so that it appears differently in each infection. These viruses are more difficult to detect. Stealth viruses: These types of viruses use different kind of techniques to avoid detection. They either redirect the disk head to read another sector instead of the one in which they reside or they may alter the reading of the infected file’s size shown in the directory listing. For example, the Whale virus adds 9216 bytes to an infected file; then the virus subtracts the same number of bytes (9216) from the size given in the directory. Malware Malware refers to a group of computer programs designed to work against the requirements of a user’s computer for the purposes of causing harm. Those who spread malware are called “hackers.” There are several different classes of malware. Malware is a significant problem throughout the world resulting in billions of dollars in damages to individuals and businesses every year. Below is a summary of some of the most common forms of malware. Viruses These are computer programs that replicate and modify other programs by inserting code. Viruses typically target individual computers. Worm A worm is a malicious program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers, often in a single network. Worms target groups of connected computers on a network. Trojan Horse A Trojan horse is a malicious program designed to trick a user about its true intent. Trojan horses typically show up in e-mail attachments or drive-by downloads. They often create “backdoors” which allows the creator unauthorized access to a user’s computer. Ransomware Ransomware is a malicious program that encrypts the files on a user’s computer so they are unreadable. These files can only be retrieved if the user agrees to pay a ransom (usually in Bitcoin) within a specified amount of time to obtain a decryption key. Decryption without the key is impossible. Spyware Spyware is a type of malicious program covertly installed on a user’s computer to collect important information such as credit card numbers or passwords. Scareware Scareware is a type of malicious program designed to scare people into buying unwanted programs such as anti-virus software. Scareware typically comes in the form of warnings or alerts that the user’s computer is infected with a virus and the purchase of software is the only way to save the computer. Which of the following is a programs that copy themselves throughout a computer or network a worms B Trojans C viruses D rootkits?A Trojan is sometimes called a Trojan virus or a Trojan horse virus, but that's a misnomer. Viruses can execute and replicate themselves.
Which of the following is a program that copy themselves?Virus is a program written to enter to your computer and damage/alter your files/data. A virus might corrupt or delete data on your computer. Viruses can also replicate themselves.
Which of the following is the program which can infect the computer and copy itself without user knowledge?Virus. A computer virus is a piece of software that can 'infect' a computer, install itself and copy itself to other computers, without the users knowledge or permission.
Which type of following malware does not replicate or clone themselves through infection?Trojan Horse is a malicious program that does not replicate automatically. A user has to execute the Trojans. A Trojan Horse, or Trojan, is a type of malicious code or software that looks legitimate but can take control of your computer.
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Which of the following is a program that copy themselves without a computer on network?
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