Which of the following is mentioned in your textbook as a guideline for a preparation outline?

Avoiding ethnocentrism means that you must agree with the values and practices of all groups and cultures.

False

Using the power of visualization to control stage fright means that you should approach your speech as a performance in which the audience is looking for perfection.

False

The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one's own culture or group as "right" or "natural" is called

ethnocentrism

As you listen to a speech about campus crime, you relate the speaker's ideas to your own knowledge, goals, and experience. According to your textbook, you are filtering the speech through your own

frame of reference.

Public speaking requires the same method of delivery as ordinary conversation.

False

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

True

According to your textbook, a listener anxious about an upcoming exam, worried about a recent argument with a friend, or distracted by cold air in the classroom would be experiencing

interference

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches?

Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.

What, according to your textbook, is the term for anything that impedes the communication of a message?

interference

The nonverbal messages that listeners send back to speakers are called feedback.

True

Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when she made a minor mistake by giving the wrong date for the opening of a campus building. She suddenly stopped speaking and said, "Oh, I messed up." She then finished her speech, but all she could think about afterward was her mistake. What is the major piece of advice from your textbook that Heather needs to be reminded about?

There is no such thing as a perfect speech.

The channel is the means by which a message is communicated.

True

According to your textbook, when you employ the power of visualization as a method of controlling stage fright, you should

focus on the positive aspects of your speech.

Thinking positively about your ability to give a speech is one way to control your anxiety about speaking.

True

The means by which a message is communicated is termed the

channel

Which of the following strategies is least likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

concentrating on your stage fright

Ethnocentrism needs to be avoided when you are in the role of listener as well as when you are in the role of speaker.

True

In the midst of a speech about volcanoes, a speaker notices quizzical expressions on the faces of her listeners. In response, she says, "Let me explain that point again to make sure it's clear." When this happens, the speaker is

adapting to feedback.

According to your textbook, the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is termed

ethnocentrism

When you adjust to the situation of a public speech, you are doing on a larger scale what you do everyday in conversation.

True

Sridhar is from India and has decided to give his informative speech on Indian marriage customs. Because he will be getting married back home the next summer, he is very excited about the topic. He is concerned, however, that his classmates, all of whom are from the United States, may think he is saying that marriage traditions in India are better than those in the United States. Sridhar's concern indicates that he is sensitive to the problem of

ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism is a part of every culture.

True

How much time does the average adult spend in conversation?

about 30 percent of waking hours

Most of the time the listener's frame of reference is identical with the speaker's frame of reference.

False

Some nervousness before you speak is usually beneficial.

True

Interference is anything that impedes the communication of a message.

True

Renée is a U.S. college student who was asked to speak at an end-of-the-year banquet sponsored by the International Student Association. When Renee suggested in her speech that all students should behave like people in the United States, she was reflecting

an ethnocentric point of view.

For most beginning speakers the biggest part of stage fright is fear of the unknown.

True

Research has shown that for most speakers anxiety decreases significantly after the first 30 to 60 seconds of a speech.

True

Research has shown that the anxiety level of most speakers drops off significantly

when they are 30 to 60 seconds into the speech.

Ethnocentrism is unique to western cultures such as those in the United States and Europe.

False

Listening is a passive process, while critical thinking is an active process.

False

Giving excessive attention to the details of a speech is an example of

listening too hard.

Ted is listening to the introduction of Janine's speech when he thinks to himself, "Man, this is really going to be boring." What aspect of poor listening identified in your textbook is Ted exhibiting in this example?

jumping to conclusions

Even when we are listening carefully, we usually grasp only about ____________ percent of what we hear.

50

It is impossible to listen too hard.

False

Nuzhat is listening to provide emotional support to her friend Sousan, who is talking about the health of her aging parents. According to your textbook, Nuzhat is engaged in ____________ listening.

empathic

According to your textbook, when focusing your listening, you should concentrate on a speaker's main points, evidence, and technique.

True

According to your textbook, skilled listeners do not try to absorb a speaker's every word. Rather, they focus on three major aspects of a speech. Those aspects include

all of the above.

According to your textbook, a skilled therapist listening to a patient is an example of appreciative listening.

False

According to your textbook, reviewing mentally what a speaker has said is a good way to avoid becoming distracted in a speech.

True

Brad Falk is listening to a speaker explain how a new computer program works so Brad can use it in his business. According to your textbook, Brad is engaged in ____________ listening.

comprehensive

Sarah is listening to her roommate to provide emotional support in a time of distress. According to your textbook, Sarah is engaged in ____________ listening.

empathic

When listening for a speaker's evidence, you should keep an ear out for its

all of the above.

Sun-Wan is listening to a classroom lecture to understand the message of the speaker. According to your textbook, Sun-Wan is engaged in ____________ listening.

comprehensive

When you listen to a speech, it is usually a good idea to try to remember everything the speaker says.

False

Appreciative listening is closely tied to critical thinking.

False

Tara's campus organization has invited several travel agents to speak to the group about their best deals on trips for spring break. As Tara listens, she is deciding which travel package is the best one for her. During the presentations, she is engaged in which form of listening?

critical

Which of the following is one of the four major causes of poor listening discussed in your textbook?

focusing on a speaker's appearance or delivery

Jumping to conclusions can be a barrier to effective listening even when a speaker and a listener know each other very well.

True

When business managers are asked to list the communication skills most crucial to their job, they usually rank ____________ number one.

listening

Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmaking?

Be fully prepared for each speech.

Taking someone's entire speech and passing it off as your own is a form of unethical behavior called global plagiarism.

True

According to your textbook, the ethical obligations of listeners in a public speaking situation include

maintaining the free and open expression of ideas. being courteous and attentive during the speech.

Public speakers need to take their ethical responsibilities as seriously as their strategic objectives.

True

Jerome found several excellent sources for his informative speech. He pulled key information from them, blended those ideas into his own perspective, and cited his sources when he presented the speech. Which of the following statements best describes this situation?

Jerome is ethical because he cited his sources and used them to develop his own slant on the topic.

All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethical speechmaking except

explain your motives for speaking to the audience.

Because speechmaking is a form of power, we must always be sure to speak

ethically

One of the best ways to avoid falling into the trap of plagiarism is to start work on your speeches well before they are due.

True

A speaker's ethical obligations decrease as the size of the audience decreases.

False

No matter how well intentioned they may be, efforts to protect society by restricting free speech usually end up repressing minority viewpoints and unpopular opinions.

True

Avoiding sexist, racist, and other kinds of abusive language is important primarily as a matter of political correctness.

False

Ethical decisions need to be justified against a set of standards or criteria.

True

When Susan attended the first discussion section for her math class and heard her instructor begin speaking with an unfamiliar accent, she immediately decided, "I won't learn anything from this teacher." Susan failed to uphold which guideline for ethical listening?

Avoid prejudging the speaker.

In his persuasive speech, Jeremy argued that the category "sexual orientation" should be added to his state's civil rights law. Most of Jeremy's classmates listened carefully to his argument. Some were persuaded, while others continued to believe that the current system was justified. Two audience members disagreed so strongly with Jeremy that instead of listening, they wrote notes back and forth to each other throughout the speech. Which of the following statements best describes the issues of ethical listening involved in this situation?

The people who listened carefully to Jeremy's arguments were ethical listeners, regardless of whether they were persuaded. The two classmates who refused to listen to Jeremy's speech and wrote notes back and forth violated the guidelines for ethical listening.

Emil began his research early and found some excellent sources for his informative speech. He cut and pasted passages from several Web sites into a file in his word processor. When he started putting his speech together, he used some complete sentences from the cut-and-pasted materials, paraphrases from other passages, and several original ideas of his own. Unfortunately, Emil forgot to record his sources in his research notes, so he didn't cite any of the sources in his speech. Which of the following statements best describes Emil's situation?

Emil is guilty of incremental plagiarism.

Because the aim of speechmaking is to secure a desired response from listeners, speakers need to give their strategic objectives priority over their ethical obligations.

False

The ethical obligation of a speaker to be fully prepared increases as the size of the audience increases.

False

Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines.

True

As explained in your textbook, public speakers have an ethical obligation to avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language because such language

demeans the dignity of the groups or individuals being attacked. undermines the right of all groups in the U.S. to express their ideas.

Just as public speakers have ethical responsibilities, so too do the people who listen to a speech.

True

Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?

Researchers are working on ways to use the iris as a means of identification.

Outlining is important to public speaking because an outline helps a speaker

judge whether each part of the speech is fully developed. ensure that ideas flow clearly from one to another. solidify the structure of a speech.

According to your textbook, transitions and other connectives should be identified with Roman numerals on a speech preparation outline.

False

Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?

Smallpox poses a real danger to the United States.

According to your textbook, Raul should include which of the following in his preparation outline?

transitions, the central idea, a bibliography

Arranged in random order below are a main point, one subpoint, and three sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the main point?

Over the years, people have tried many remedies to combat the common cold.

According to your textbook, which of the following should be included in a preparation outline?

connectives and a bibliography

A bibliography is usually included as part of the speaking outline.

False

Erica has completed her final preparation outline and is preparing her speaking outline for her speech on macrobiotic foods. According to your textbook, as Erica prepares her speaking outline, she should remember to

make sure the outline is plainly legible. keep the outline as brief as possible.

Which of the following is mentioned in your textbook as a guideline for a preparation outline?

Label the introduction, body, and conclusion.

In a preparation outline, the specific purpose is usually stated after the introduction.

False

Stating main points in a word or two is usually sufficient for a preparation outline.

False

Arranged in random order below are a main point, two subpoints, and two sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the main point?

Phobias can develop either in childhood or adulthood.

In a preparation outline, the specific purpose is usually stated before the introduction.

True

You should label the body and conclusion in both the preparation and speaking outlines.

True

The main points in a preparation outline are

identified by Roman numerals.

Arranged in random order below are a main point, two subpoints, and two sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the first subpoint?

The purpose of a screening interview is just what the name implies—to screen out people the company doesn't want to hire.

Main points must be written out in full sentences in both the preparation outline and the speaking outline.

False

The visual framework of a preparation outline shows the relationships among the speaker's ideas.

True

In the speaking outline, main points are indicated by Roman numerals.

True

Speaking from memory is most effective when a speaker wants to be very responsive to feedback from the audience.

False

According to your textbook, saying "pas-ghetti" instead of "spaghetti" is an error in

pronunciation

Most people recognize and understand about three times as many words in reading as occur in spontaneous speech.

True

People in the U.S. usually talk at a rate between 120 and 150 words per minute.

True

You should start to establish eye contact with the audience even before you begin to speak.

True

When speaking from a manuscript, you should

practice aloud to make sure the speech sounds natural. be certain the final manuscript is legible at a glance. work on establishing eye contact with the audience.

When preparing for a question-and-answer session, it is unethical to anticipate potential questions and to write out answers ahead of time.

False

Research has shown that

when speakers' nonverbal signals are inconsistent with their words, listeners often believe the nonverbal signals rather than the words.

If you are asked a hostile question during a question-and-answer session, you should avoid sounding hostile in your response.

True

Speaking from a manuscript allows for greater spontaneity and directness than does speaking extemporaneously.

False

To help her audience understand how it felt to be a woman living under the Taliban, Sima stated, "Some Afghani women lived their lives in dark caves, cut off from the modern world, breathing only the stale air of information filtered through the ideology of the Taliban." In this statement, Sima used

metaphor

"She darted around the bookstore like a hummingbird in a flower garden" is an example of metaphor.

False

The words we use to label an event determine to a great extent how we respond to that event.

True

The denotative meaning of a word is

its literal or dictionary meaning.

In his speech on the importance of regular exercise, Aymil stated, "Taking the first step toward a healthier lifestyle requires three commitments: discipline, determination, and desire." In this statement, Aymil used

alliteration

As a speaker, you would probably use more connotative words if you wanted to

arouse an emotional response.

Your textbook recommends using repetition and parallelism to enhance the ____________ of your speeches.

rhythm

Which of the following words is the most concrete and specific?

Dave Matthews Band

Antithesis and alliteration are excellent ways to enhance the imagery of a speech.

False

"Our mission is to right wrong, to do justice, and to serve humanity" is an example of

parallelism

In her speech about classical ballet, Kyndra mentioned, but did not explain, the terms entrechat and arabesque. Since most of her listeners were unfamiliar with ballet, what error did Kyndra make in her use of language?

She did not use language appropriate to the audience.

As your textbook explains, using inclusive language in a speech is important primarily as a matter of political correctness.

False

The denotative meaning of a word includes all the feelings, associations, and emotions that the word touches off in different people.

False

As your textbook explains, language and thought are closely linked.

True

"Government of the people, by the people, for the people" is an example of

alliteration parallelism repetition

A speech dominated by abstract words will almost always be clearer than one dominated by concrete words.

False

"Asking the current administration to police its corruption is like putting Dracula in charge of the blood bank" is an example of

simile

Using the masculine pronoun "he" in a speech is an inclusive way to designate "all persons."

False

"My teacher was a gardener nurturing the seeds of knowledge" is an example of

metaphor

Language has a rhythm created by the speaker's choice of supporting materials.

False

The following is an example of a well-worded central idea for a speech to inform: "To tell my audience why they should support Jackson Smith for mayor."

False

"Conducting regular car maintenance" is an example of an effective specific purpose statement for a speech.

False

The central idea is usually determined after the bulk of the research for a speech is completed.

True

"To inform my audience about depression" is an example of an effective specific purpose statement for a speech.

False

The specific purpose reveals more about the content of a speech than does the central idea.

False

Orawan plans to give an informative speech about her home country of Thailand. Her specific purpose is "To inform my audience about the interaction of ancient traditions and modern technology in Thai society." Her central idea is "Thailand: Customs and Computers." Has Orawan made any mistakes in this process?

Yes. Orawan's central idea is not written as a complete sentence.

The specific purpose statement should usually be phrased as a question.

False

The specific purpose statement indicates precisely what the speaker hopes to accomplish in a speech.

True

It is acceptable for a specific purpose statement to include two or more unrelated ideas.

False

After choosing a topic, what is the next step of speech preparation?

determining the general purpose

"To inform my audience how to build a birdhouse and about the migratory patterns of birds" is an example of an effective specific purpose statement for a speech.

False

"To understand the role of dance marathons in American popular culture, one needs to know why they started, how they evolved, and what they are like today" is an example of a

central idea.

After choosing a topic, the next step in speech preparation is determining your specific purpose.

False

According to your textbook, what is the most important early step in the process of developing a successful speech?

formulating the specific purpose

The central idea of a speech should be expressed as a full sentence.

True

Which of the following is out of place in a speech to inform?

advocating

The difference between informing and persuading is like the difference between teaching and advocating.

True

When your general purpose is to persuade, you act as a teacher or lecturer.

False

When your general purpose is to inform, you act as an advocate or an opponent.

False

"The three major expenses for people traveling abroad are transportation, food, and lodging" is an example of an effective specific purpose statement for a speech.

False

Every speech contains two messages—the one sent by the speaker and the one received by the listener.

True

If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn why some of your listeners do not fasten their seatbelts every time they ride in a motor vehicle, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask?

open-ended question

When making up an audience analysis questionnaire, you should use ____________ questions to get at the strength of a respondent's attitudes or feelings.

scale

According to your textbook, sexual orientation is one factor to be considered in demographic audience analysis.

True

If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience about digital encryption, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be the

knowledge of the audience about the topic.

The size of the audience is one of the factors to be considered in situational audience analysis.

True

When you construct an audience-analysis questionnaire, open-ended questions are especially valuable because they usually generate clear, unambiguous responses.

False

If you were giving an informative speech to your public speaking class about brain aneurysms, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its

knowledge about the topic.

When you construct an audience analysis questionnaire, fixed-alternative questions are especially useful for getting at the strength of a respondent's attitudes.

False

When you construct an audience analysis questionnaire, scale questions give respondents the maximum leeway in responding.

False

Egocentrism is the belief that one's culture is superior to all others.

False

Which of the following elements usually has the greatest impact on the length a speech should be?

the occasion for the speech

Although the differences between women and men have diminished in recent years, the gender of listeners is still a major factor in audience analysis.

True

The process of audience adaptation is over by the time a speaker starts delivering the speech.

False

Egocentrism means that audiences typically approach speeches by asking "Why is this important for me?"

True

As part of his economics seminar, Geraldo has been invited to give a persuasive speech to a community audience on the subject of Social Security. The most important factor for Geraldo to consider when analyzing his audience is probably its

age

According to your textbook, sexual orientation is one factor to be considered in situational audience analysis.

False

The following question from a student audience-analysis questionnaire is an example of what type of question? The percent of the U. S. population who speak Spanish in their homes is closest to ___ 5% ___ 10% ___ 20% ___ 30%

fixed-alternative question

Communication scholars use the term "identification" to refer to the way speakers use stereotypes to analyze the demographic traits of their audience.

False

One of the ways speakers analyze audiences is by looking at traits such as age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, group membership, and racial, ethnic and cultural background. According to your textbook, what is this called?

demographic audience analysis

According to your textbook, the three criteria for judging the reliability of research documents located on the Internet are authorship, sponsorship, and

recency

A search engine is a search aid that indexes Web pages and checks them for sites that match the researcher's request.

True

Who's Who among American Women is an example of a(n)

biographical aid.

General periodical databases such as ProQuest Research Library and LexisNexis Academic Universe give you access to the full texts of many articles.

True

As your textbook explains, when you locate an abstract of a magazine article using a computerized periodical database, you should feel free to cite the article in your speech on the basis of the abstract alone.

False

One advantage of using virtual libraries for speech research is that they contain only material that has been screened for accuracy and reliability.

True

A virtual library is a search aid that combines Internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data.

True

According to your textbook, when citing an Internet document in a speech bibliography, you should include the

title of the document. author or sponsoring organization responsible for the document. date on which you accessed the document.

When taking research notes, you should

put all notes from each source on a single index card or sheet of paper. record notes only when you're sure you'll use the information in your speech. take all notes as direct quotations. none of the above.

Antonio is researching his speech on West Nile Virus. According to your textbook, Antonio should

make a preliminary bibliography. think about his research materials as he is gathering them. distinguish among direct quotations, paraphrases, and his own ideas.

The two kinds of Internet search aids discussed in your chapter are

search engines and virtual libraries.

The library catalogue

lists all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by the library. allows a researcher to look for books by author, title, or subject.

Most search engines index about 90 percent of the total number of research sites available on the Internet.

False

Periodical databases help you locate magazine and journal articles.

True

T F Experts advise that you use Internet research to supplement, not to replace, library research.

True

The library's catalogue allows you to search for books by

author, title,keyword

You are researching a speech and need to learn how the meaning of the word "science" has changed historically. Which of the following would be the best reference source to consult?

Oxford English Dictionary

As part of the research for her persuasive speech on Parkinson's disease, Alissa needs to find recent articles published in general interest periodicals and academic journals. The best resource for her is a

periodical database such as ProQuest or LexisNexis.

If you needed to learn the number of Americans who own cell phones, which of the following would be the best source to consult?

Statistical Abstract of the United States

If you were giving a speech and needed to know the number of people who die each year in the United States from accidental drowning, which of the following would be the best source to consult?

Statistical Abstract of the United States