Which of the following is the degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs quizlet?

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departments are grouped together based on similar organizational outputs. With a divisional structure, also called an M-form(multidivisional) or a decentralized form, separate divisions can be organized with responsibility for individual products, services, product groups, major projects or programs, divisions, businesses, or profit centers.
also sometimes called a product structure, program structure, or self-contained unit structure.
divisions are created as self-contained units, with separate functional departments for each division.
Each department is smaller and focuses on a single product line or customer segment. Departments are duplicated across product lines.
differences of opinion among R&D, marketing, manufacturing, and finance would be resolved at the divisional level rather than by the top executive
duplication of resources and the high cost of running separate divisions. they are smaller than units that serve the entire organization and can respond more flexibly to changes in their particular business environment.

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• Mechanistic design means that the organization is characterized by machine-like standard rules, procedures, and a clear hierarchy of authority. These organizations are highly formalized with decision making at the top.
o Specialized tasks
o Many rules, formalized
o Vertical communication
o Strict hierarchy of authority
o Centralized structure
o Large size, efficiency strategy, stable environment, rigid culture, manufacturing technology

• Organic design means that the organization is much looser, free-flowing, and adaptive. Rules and regulations are often not written down, or if they are, they are flexibly applied. People generally find their own way through the system. Decision-making authority is de-centralized.
o Decentralized structure
o Empowered roles
o Few rules, informal
o Horizontal communication
o Collaborative teamwork
o Adaptive, innovative, small size, changing environment, service technology

o Differentiation
Focus on uniqueness
• Example (broad scope): Apple
• Example (narrow scope): Edward Jones Investments
Learning orientation, acts in a flexible, loosely knit way, with strong, horizontal coordination
Values and builds in mechanisms for customer intimacy
Rewards employee creativity, risk-taking, and innovation
o Low-cost Leadership
Focus on efficiency, low cost
• Example (broad scope): Walmart
• Example (narrow scope): Allegiant Travel
Efficiency orientation, strong central authority, tight cost control, with frequent, detailed control reports
Standard operating procedures
Highly efficient procurement and distribution systems
Close supervision, routine tasks, limited employee empowerment

o Prospector
Innovate, take risks, seek out new opportunities, grow.
Learning oriented, flexible, fluid, decentralized structure
Strong capability in research
o Defender
Stability, even to the point of entrenchment, hold on to current customers.
Efficiency oriented, centralized authority, tight cost control
Emphasis on production efficiency, low overhead
Close supervision, little employee empowerment
o Analyzer (Amazon)
Maintain a stable business while innovating on the periphery/calculated risks.
Balances efficiency and learning, tight cost control with flexibility and adaptability
Efficient production for stable product lines, emphasis on creativity, research, risk-taking for innovation
o Reactor
No clear organization approach, design characteristics may shift abruptly, depending on current needs

Recommended textbook solutions

Organizational structure includes which of these?

a.
The set of formal tasks assigned to individuals

b.
The set of formal tasks assigned to departments

c.
The design of systems to ensure effective coordination of employees across departments

d.
Formal reporting relationships

e.
All of these are part of organizational structure.

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Terms in this set (24)

organizing

deployment of organizational resources to achieve strategic goals

Organizational Structure

1. set of formal tasks assigned to individuals and departments
2. formal reporting relationships, including line of authority, decision responsibility, number of hierarchical levels, and spans of managers control
3. design of systems to ensure effective coordination of employees across departments

organization chart

visual representation of an organization's structure

work specialization

sometimes called division of labor is the degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs.

chain of command

unbroken line of authority that links all employees in an organization and shows who reports to whom

1. unity of command: each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor
2. scalar principle: refers to a clearly defined line of authority in the organization that includes all employees

Three characteristics of authority

1. Authority is vested in organizational positions, not people
2. authority flows down the vertical hierarchy.
3. authority is accepted by subordinates

Responsibility

duty to perform the task or activity as assigned

Accountability

the people with authority and responsibility are subject to reporting and justifying task outcomes to those above in the chain of command

Delegation

process that managers use to transfer authority and responsibility to positions below them in the hierarchy

Line Departments

perform tasks that reflect the organization's primary goal and mission

Staff Departments

includes all those that provde specialized skills in support of line departments
ex. markeing, labor relationss, research, accounting, and HR

Line Authority

people in managerial positions have the formal authority to direct and control immediate suboardinates

Staff Authority

Narrower and includes the right to advise, recommend, and counsel in the staff specialists' area of expertise

Span of Management

number of employees reporting to a supervisor. it's sometimes called "span of control"

1. Work performed by subordinates is stable and routine
2. subordinates perform similar work tasks
3. subordinates are concentrated in single location
4. subordinates highly trained and need little direction in performing tasks
5. Rules and procedures defining task activities are available

Tall Structure

has an overall narrow span and more hierarchical levels

Flat Structure

has a wide span, is horizontally

Centralization

means that decision authority is pushed downward to lower organization levels

Decentralization

decision authority is pushed downward to lower organization to make decisions

Factors that influence Centralization v. Decentralization

1. Greater change and uncertainty in the environment are usually associated with decentralization
2. The amount of centralization or decentralization should fit the firm's strategy
3. In times of crisis or risk of company failure, authority may be centralized at the top

Departmentalization

basis for grouping positions into departments and departments into the total organization

Five Approaches to Structural Design

1. Vertical Functional
2. Divisional
3. Matrix
4. Team-based
5. Virtual Network

Functional Structure

also called U-form (unitary structure), acitviites are grouped together by common function from the bottom to the top of the organization

Divisional Structure

departments are grouped together based on similar organizational outputs and also called M-firm (multidivisional) or a decentralized form. Also called product structure, program structure, or self-contained unit structure

Matrix Approach

combines both aspects of both functional and divisional structures simultaneously in the same part of the organization.

success depends on two-boss employees (those who report to two supervisors at the same time), matrix boss (product of functional boss who is responsible for one side of the matrix), and top leader (oversees both the product and functional chains of command)

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What is the degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs?

Work specialization, sometimes called a division of labor, refers to the degree to which an organization divides individual tasks into separate jobs.

What refers to the degree to which activities in an organization are subdivided into discrete tasks to make efficient use of organizational resources and employee skills?

Explanation: B) Work specialization indicates the degree to which activities in the organization are subdivided into separate jobs. Work specialization makes the most efficient use of employees' skills.

Is dividing work activities into separate job tasks This is also called division of labor?

Work specialization is dividing work activities into separate job tasks. Individual employees specialize in doing part of an activity rather than the entire activity in order to increase work output. It is also known as the division of labor.

What is the degree to which the overall task of the organization is broken down and divided into smaller component parts?

Job specialization is the degree to which the overall task of the organization is broken down into smaller component parts. Departmentalization, on the other hand, is the grouping of jobs according to some logical arrangement.