Which of the following provide the greatest support of presidential power in the russian federation?

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New measures in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine 

On 4 August 2022, the Council decided to impose restrictive measures on two additional individuals in response to the ongoing unjustified and unprovoked Russian military aggression against Ukraine.

The Council added to the list of persons, entities and bodies subject to restrictive measures:

  • Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych - pro-Russian former President of Ukraine, for his role in undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine and the state’s stability and security
  • Oleksandr Viktorovych Yanukovych (Viktor's son) - for also conducting transactions with the separatist groups in the Donbas region of Ukraine
  • The EU imposes restrictive measures on Viktor and Oleksandr Yanukovych (press release, 4 August 2022)

How did the war in Ukraine start?

Which of the following provide the greatest support of presidential power in the russian federation?
Russia started a military aggression against Ukraine on 24 February 2022 - ©AFP

In 2021, Russia started a large-scale military build-up near the border with eastern Ukraine, generating great concern in Ukraine, Europe and across the world.

On 21 February 2022, after weeks of extreme tensions, President Vladimir Putin decided to recognise the non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts (administrative regions) in Ukraine as independent entities and to send Russian troops into those areas.

This followed a positive vote by the Russian State Duma (the lower house of the Russian parliament) on 15 February.

On 24 February 2022, Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine.

What does the EU say about Russia’s invasion of Ukraine?

The EU strongly condemns Putin’s decision to recognise the non-government controlled areas of Donetsk and Luhansk and Russia's unprovoked and unjustified military aggression against Ukraine. It also condemns Belarus' involvement in Russia's military aggression.

Since February 2022, the European Council and the Council of the European Union have been meeting regularly to discuss the situation in Ukraine from different perspectives.

The use of force and coercion to change borders has no place in the 21st century. Tensions and conflict should be resolved exclusively through dialogue and diplomacy.

European Council conclusions, 24 February 2022

EU leaders demanded on several occasions that Russia immediately cease its military actions, unconditionally withdraw all forces and military equipment from Ukraine and fully respect Ukraine’s territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence.

They emphasised the right of Ukraine to choose its own destiny and commended the people of Ukraine for their courage in defending their country.

In response to the military aggression, the EU has massively expanded sanctions against Russia, by adding a significant number of persons and entities to the sanctions list, and by adopting unprecedented measures.

The EU has shown unity and strength and has provided Ukraine with humanitarian, political, financial and military support.

Ukraine belongs to our European family.

EU leaders’ statement, 10 March 2022

The EU is committed to continue to show solidarity and provide support to the refugees fleeing the war in Ukraine and the countries hosting them. It is also coordinating with partners and allies, within the UN, OSCE, NATO and the G7.

On several occasions, the European Council condemned Russia’s indiscriminate attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, and reiterated that international humanitarian law must be respected. EU leaders underlined that Russia, Belarus and all those responsible for war crimes and the other most serious crimes will be held to account for their actions in accordance with international law.

What measures has the EU taken against Russia?

The EU has adopted six packages of sanctions in response to the recognition of the non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts and Russia’s unprecedented and unprovoked military attack on Ukraine.

The measures are designed to weaken Russia's economic base, depriving it of critical technologies and markets, and significantly curtailing its ability to wage war.

First package (23 February 2022)

  • individual sanctions against members of the Russian State Duma who voted in favour of the recognition of the non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts
  • restrictions on economic relations with the non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts
  • restrictions on Russia's access to the EU’s capital and financial markets and services
  • Russian recognition of the non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine as independent entities: EU adopts a package of sanctions (press release, 23 February 2022)

Second package (25 February 2022)

  • individual sanctions against Vladimir Putin, Sergey Lavrov and members of the Russian State Duma and National Security Council, among others
  • economic sanctions covering the finance, energy, transport and technology sectors
  • suspension of visa facilitation provisions for Russian diplomats and other Russian officials and businesspeople
  • Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine: EU imposes sanctions against President Putin and Foreign Minister Lavrov and adopts wide-ranging individual and economic sanctions (press release, 25 February 2022)

Third package (28 February and 2 March 2022)

  • closure of EU airspace to all Russian aircraft
  • prohibition on transactions with the Russian Central Bank
  • SWIFT ban for seven Russian banks
  • prohibition on the provision of euro-denominated banknotes to Russia
  • suspension of broadcasting in the EU of state-owned outlets Russia Today and Sputnik
  • individual sanctions against Belarusians in response to Belarus' involvement in Russia’s military invasion
  • EU adopts new set of measures to respond to Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine (press release, 28 February 2022)
  • Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine: Council imposes sanctions on 26 persons and one entity (press release, 28 February 2022)
  • EU imposes sanctions on state-owned outlets RT/Russia Today and Sputnik’s broadcasting in the EU (press release, 2 March 2022)
  • Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine: EU bans certain Russian banks from the SWIFT system and introduces further restrictions (press release, 2 March 2022)
  • Belarus’ role in the Russian military aggression of Ukraine: Council imposes sanctions on an additional 22 individuals and further restrictions on trade (press release, 2 March 2022)

Sanctions against Belarus (9 March 2022)

  • SWIFT ban for three Belarusian banks
  • prohibition on transactions with the Central Bank of Belarus
  • limits on financial inflows from Belarus to the EU
  • prohibition on the provision of euro-denominated banknotes to Belarus
  • Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine: EU agrees new sectoral measures targeting Belarus and Russia (press release, 9 March 2022)

Fourth package of sanctions (15 March 2022)

  • individual sanctions against Roman Abramovich and German Khan, among others
  • prohibition on all transactions with certain state-owned enterprises
  • prohibition on the provision of credit-rating services to any Russian person or entity
  • prohibition on new investments in the Russian energy sector
  • prohibition on exports to Russia of luxury goods
  • prohibition on imports from Russia to the EU of iron and steel
  • Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine: fourth EU package of sectoral and individual measures (press release, 15 March 2022)
  • Fourth package of sanctions: 15 additional individuals and 9 entities subject to EU restrictive measures (press release, 15 March 2022)

Fifth package of sanctions (8 April 2022)

  • prohibition on imports from Russia of coal and other solid fossil fuels
  • closure of EU ports to all Russian vessels
  • prohibition on Russian and Belarusian road transport operators from entering the EU
  • prohibition on imports from Russia of wood, cement, seafood and liquor
  • prohibition on exports to Russia of jet fuel and other goods
  • a series of targeted economic measures
  • sanctions against 217 individuals and 18 entities
  • EU adopts fifth round of sanctions against Russia over its military aggression against Ukraine (press release, 8 April 2022)
  • EU adopts restrictive measures against an additional 217 individuals and 18 entities (press release, 8 April 2022)

Sixth package of sanctions (3 June 2022)

  • prohibition on imports from Russia of crude oil and refined petroleum products (with limited exceptions)
  • SWIFT ban for an additional three Russian banks and one Belarusian bank
  • suspension of broadcasting in the EU for Rossiya RTR / RTR Planeta, Rossiya 24 / Russia 24 and TV Centre International
  • sanctions against 18 entities and 65 individuals, including individuals responsible for the atrocities committed in Bucha and Mariupol
  • Russia’s aggression against Ukraine: EU adopts sixth package of sanctions (press release, 3 June 2022)
  • Russia’s aggression against Ukraine: the EU targets additional 65 individuals and 18 entities (press release, 3 June 2022)

“Maintenance and alignment” package (21 July 2022) 

  • ban on imports of Russian-origin gold  
  • reinforcement of export controls of dual-use goods 
  • extension of the port access ban to locks 
  • clarification of existing measures, for instance in the field of public procurement, aviation and justice
  • sanctions against 54 individuals and 10 entities, including the mayor of Moscow and Sberbank, a major financial institution 
  • Russia’s aggression against Ukraine: EU adopts “maintenance and alignment” package (press release, 21 July 2022)
  • Russia’s aggression against Ukraine: the EU targets additional 54 individuals and 10 entities (press release, 22 July 2022)

More information:

  • EU restrictive measures against Russia over Ukraine since 2014 (background information)
  • Timeline - EU restrictive measures against Russia over Ukraine since 2014 (background information)

How is the EU supporting Ukraine and the Ukrainian people?

The EU and its citizens stand in full solidarity with Ukraine and its people. The EU has taken concrete actions to support Ukraine and its neighbouring countries that are providing protection for people fleeing the war. Measures include:

  • reception of refugees through the temporary protection mechanism
  • €348 million in humanitarian aid for Ukraine and Moldova
  • material assistance to Ukraine and its neighbouring countries through the EU civil protection mechanism
  • €20 billion to support member states hosting refugees
  • €2.2 billion in macro-financial assistance to foster stability
  • €2.5 billion to support the Ukrainian armed forces
  • EU solidarity with Ukraine (background information)

How is the EU responding to the war's market impact?

Infographic - How the Russian invasion of Ukraine has further aggravated the global food crisis

Which of the following provide the greatest support of presidential power in the russian federation?
See full infographic

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is having a disruptive effect on global markets. Since the conflict began, there has been a sharp increase in world prices for key commodities, in particular fuels. Recent increases are putting new pressure on markets, after they already experienced historically high prices for energy and fertilisers in 2021.

The war has also caused uncertainty about the security of the energy supply. Russia, which is the EU’s main supplier of fossil fuels, has suspended gas delivery to a number of EU member states, prompting the EU to quickly respond to secure supply in all countries.

Russia's attacks to crops and transport infrastructure have hampered Ukraine's ability to export its agri-food production, which has further aggravated the global food crisis.  

The European Council and the Council of the EU immediately reacted to growing prices and concerns over food and energy supplies.

In March 2022, EU leaders agreed to phase out the EU’s dependency on Russian fossil fuel imports. At the Special meeting of the European Council in May 2022, leaders reviewed progress on strengthening the EU's energy independence and called for more diversification of energy supply sources, faster deployment of renewables and improved interconnections of energy networks. They also called for effective international coordination to ensure a comprehensive global response to food security challenges.

At the European Council meeting held on 23-24 June 2022, EU leaders urged Russia to immediately stop targeting agricultural facilities and to unblock the Black Sea ports to permit the export of Ukrainian grain. EU leaders underlined that EU sanctions against Russia allow the free flow of agricultural and food products and the delivery of humanitarian assistance.

  • Impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on the markets: EU response (background information)

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