Which principles of design that refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements of a design *?

You can create a visually pleasing landscape by following these six principles of design.

There are six principles of design that have been used by artists for centuries throughout all art forms, painting and floral design as well as landscape design. They are:

1. Balance
2. Focalization
3. Simplicity
4. Rhythm and Line
5. Proportion
6. Unity

1. Balance

Balance is a state of being as well as seeing. We are most comfortable in landscapes that have a sense of balance. There are two major types of balance: symmetrical and asymmetrical.

Symmetrical balance is used in formal landscapes when one side of the landscape is a mirror image of the opposite side. These landscapes often use geometric patterns in the walkways, planting beds and even how the plants are pruned into shapes. This type of balance appears to be rather stiff in appearance and often is highly maintained. Asymmetrical balance, also known as informal balance, differs from one side to the other and appears to be relaxing and free flowing.

Using these principles, landscape designers create landscapes that are pleasing to look at and even inviting. These principles were not created by artists centuries ago, but more of an inherent visual sense that most people possess. Using these as guidelines helps designers and homeowners create a landscape that “make sense” to look at.

2. Focalization

Any good design has a focal point – the place where the viewer’s eye is first attracted. Focalization is sometimes referred to as focalization of interest or simply focal point. The focal point is the strongest element in the design in any given view. A home’s focal point is often the front door. The landscape focal point is often something close to the front door to enhance the entrance of the home.

Each area of the landscape may include a focal point, but it is certainly not necessary. Landscape designers should not overuse focal points. In any view, people are attracted to interesting plant forms, bright colors and artistic, architectural design as well as art or sculptures. Mix it up, have some fun and create interesting focal points.

3. Simplicity

Simplicity is what the name implies – simple. Keeping landscapes simple, not cluttered or fussy is always a good practice. This is not the opposite of complexity. Many landscapes have very complex features, including the architectural design, water features and extensive lighting features. Landscapes that make people happy and comfortable avoid using too many colors, shapes, curves and textures, but in no way does this mean simplistic, boring or lack of imagination.

4. Rhythm and line

When something in the landscape is repeated with a standard interval, a rhythm is established. In landscape design, the interval is usually space. Plants, groups of plants, lamp posts, benches or other structures can be repeated within the design to create this rhythm. Lines within a landscape are created in a landscape by the shape and form of the planting beds, sidewalks, where the turf meets pavement and other hardscaping features. The rhythm and line design principle gives a landscape a sense of movement and is what may draw you “into” the landscape. This is what makes landscapes calming to our souls.

5. Proportion

Proportion refers to the size relationship of all the features in the landscape. This includes vertical, horizontal and special relationships. Short people, tall people and children all perceive space differently. Proportion in landscape design extends to building size, lot size, plant size, areas of plantings to areas of open space as well as the use of the landscape.

6. Unity

The principle of unity is easily measured if the other five landscape principles have been properly executed throughout the landscape. Unity in design simply means all the separate parts of the landscape work together to create a great total design. Colors, shapes, sizes, textures and other features work together to create a unified space. Patterns and colors are often repeated. Lighting, special features, bed shapes and hardscapes such as walk ways all need to work together to create a pleasing look and a unified landscape.

By following these principles of design, you will be able to create a visually pleasing landscape in any space, large or small. For more information, see “Water Wise Landscaping: Principles of Landscape Design” by Colorado State University Extension.

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Scale and proportion are both design elements that have to do with size. Scale is the size of one object in relation to the other objects in a design or artwork. Proportion refers to the size of the parts of an object in relationship to other parts of the same object. Throughout the centuries, designers have used scale and proportion to depict or distract from the ideal. As with elements such as unity and balance, artists use scale and proportion to convey their unique insights to the viewer.

Scale

Humans judge the scale of something according to body size. Some of the most common adjectives that apply to scale include:

• Life-sized
• Miniature
• Oversized
• Enormous

When an artist or designer chooses to make particular objects oversized or miniature, it is often to emphasize their importance or encourage a new perspective.

In the above public artwork, the person pushing the sphere provides a sense of scale. Given the reflections of skyscrapers in the sphere, viewers might infer that the globe symbolizes the world, and its relatively small scale suggests that humans can manipulate it.

Some toys are miniatures of actual objects. For example, scale model cars, trains and dollhouse furnishings replicate real objects on a smaller scale. In the photo below, the man’s hand gives you a good idea of the actual size of the toy rail car. Scale model toys give children the power to manipulate realistic objects that are otherwise too big for them to manage.

Proportion

Proportion is an element of design that pertains to the relative size of the components that compose an object. Again, the human body is the standard by which people judge proportion. An eye should be smaller than a face, for instance, and a male’s shoulders should be wider than his hips.

The golden ratio is a mathematical method for determining proportion. Based on the number pi, this ratio has been the standard for artists and designers since the ancient Egyptians used it in designing the pyramids. Also, the golden ratio is applicable to the natural proportions of the body. The more closely a person’s proportions conform to this ratio, the more classically beautiful they are likely to appear.

When you see a disproportionate object, it catches your attention. Cartoons with large-headed people, for example, catch your eye. Obvious exaggeration may even tickle your funny bone. “The Head” by Eric Fogel is a good example:

In Greek mythology, monstrous characters like Medusa had disproportionate traits that set them apart from humans. Instead of hair, Medusa had poisonous snakes growing from her head, as the artist Caravaggio shows below.

Giving human figures non-human components makes them disproportionate. Like a cartoon, something disproportionate can make you laugh. Like Medusa, it can inspire fear.

In contrast, an artwork in which all of the figures are proportionate can make you feel calm and content. Rather than challenging your emotions, proportion infuses you with a sense of completeness. Georges Seurat’s “A Sunday on La Grand Jatte” shows stylized people, all well-proportioned and on the same scale, relaxing on a sunny afternoon. Even though there are variations of light and lots of activities to look at, the overall effect is serene.

Today’s Activity: Make a Scale Drawing

Supplies:

Plain, 8 x 10 paper
A picture of your favorite cartoon character that is at least 10 inches tall
Ruler
Pencil
Scissors
Markers, paints or colored pencils

1. Lightly draw a grid with pencil over your cartoon print. Mark 1-inch lines all along the perimeter of the page, and then connect them across the page to make a grid of 1-inch squares.

2. Number the squares on your print, starting at the top left and proceeding from left to right from the top row to the bottom row.

3. Draw a grid on your plain paper. Mark 1/2-inch intervals along all four sides, and then connect the marks to make a grid of 1/2-inch squares. Your scale drawing will be 1:2, or half the size of the original.

4. Number the squares on your plain grid the same, duplicating the number of squares and rows of the original. Cut off the extra squares and set aside.

5. Copy the design onto your blank grid, going square by square. Try to match the straight lines and curves within each square on the original to make your smaller scale drawing as similar as you can.

6. Use markers, paints or colored pencils to color in your scale drawing like the original.

Use your extra grid to experiment with proportion. For example, make one eye of your cartoon figure twice as large as the other. Make one hand tiny and the other large. What effects do your changes have?

Which refers to the size and scale of various elements of design?

What do you call to the principle of design that refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design Brainly?

Is a principle applied in digital art which refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design?

What are the principles of design and elements of design?