Which term is used to refer to the reputation that a specific person has within an occupation quizlet?

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1. Social Science
2. Sociology

Terms in this set (60)

What term did Thorstein Veblen use to refer to the behavior of those at the top of the social hierarchy when they engage in such activities as jetting off to a remote destination for dinner?

Conspicuous leisure

Which sociological perspective argues that competition for scarce resources results in significant political, economic, and social inequality?

Conflict perspective

Karl Marx used the concept of class consciousness to refer to

A subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change.

A system of enforced servitude in which people are legally owned by others is known as

Slavery

Every evening at a neighborhood bar, the clientele—which consists of construction workers, police officers, plumbers, and factory workers—watches sports events on the big screen television set and play pool. The people who hang out in this bar are an example of a

Status group

Which term is used to refer to the reputation that a specific person has within an occupation?

Esteem

A measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation is known as

Socioeconomic status.

________ is often blamed for this growing inequality, because it has forced less skilled workers to complete with lower-paid foreign-born workers.

Globalization

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that studies of social class have tended to neglect the occupations and incomes of women as determinants of social rank, thereby elevating the status of males?

Feminist perspective

Max Weber referred to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as

Life chances.

Which of these factors affects whether a person becomes poor?

Age

Higher loan balances are typically held by

Black and Latino students.

The long-term poor who lack training and skills are referred to as

The underclass.

William I. Thomas observed that people respond not only to the objective features of a situation or person but also to the social meaning that situation or person has for them. This observation reflects which sociological perspective?

Interactionist perspective

Rights or immunities granted to people as a particular benefit or factor simply because they are White is also known as

White privilege.

An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is known as

A glass ceiling.

Which sociological perspective views the economic structure as a central factor in the exploitation of minority groups?

Conflict perspective

The ethnicity shared by the majority of Mexicans is the result of a gradual merging of generations of Spaniards and indigenous peoples. This is an example of

Assimilation.

Exploitation theory is a

Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S. as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism.

June is a Filipino American who has saved up thousands of dollars. She will be sending the funds to her extended family in her home country. This is referred to as

Remittances.

Since the change in U.S. immigration policy during the 1960s to encourage immigration of relatives of U.S. residents and people with desirable skills, where have a majority of immigrants originated from?

Asia and Latin America

In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed unprecedented legislation called the Civil Liberties Act, requiring the federal government to apologize for the forced relocation of ________ to "evacuation camps" during World War II.

Japanese Americans

The expectation that women will be emotionally supportive is an example of

A gender role.

A woman doing which of the following would be a violation of the female gender role?

Talking knowledgeably about cars

Functionalists view gender roles in which of the following ways?

Gender roles are necessary to keep the family in balance.

The self-awareness of being romantically or sexually attracted to a defined group of people is referred to as

Sexual identity.

Jaime's current gender identity does not match their physical identity at birth. Jaime is considered

Transgender.

Which of the following is an occupation where women are underrepresented?

Postal service mail carriers

Which of the following terms refers to an advantage that men have when employed in female-dominated occupations?

Glass escalator

Disengagement theory is a

Conflict theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships.

Which sociological perspective criticizes both disengagement theory and activity theory for failing to consider the impact of social structure on patterns of aging?

Interactionist perspective

Jane, a former corporate executive, retires and eventually spends her time happily landscaping her home and working for a volunteer agency serving the local homeless population. According to Robert Atchley, Jane is in which phase of retirement?

Stability

According to gerontologist Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, in what phase of the retirement experience do retirees learn to deal with life after retirement in a reasonable and comfortable fashion?

Stability phase

In old age, by what ratio do women outnumber men?

2:1

The emergence of a collective consciousness among the elderly is illustrated by the establishment of the

AARP.

Gerhard Lenski argues that social inequality may have once served the overall purposes of society, but the degree of social and economic inequality that now exists far exceeds the need to provide for goods and services. This facet of Lenski's analysis is consistent with which perspective?

Conflict perspective

A woman is born into a homeless, single-parent family. She is very talented, and as an adult she becomes a wealthy, world-acclaimed pianist. This scenario most closely represents which type of stratification system?

Class

Prestige refers to the

Reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation.

Some analysts suggest that inner-city riots have frequently occurred when poor people realize that their chances of climbing out of poverty are unlikely because of the structure of our social system. Their frustration is based on their perception that they are living in a(n)

Closed stratification system.

Proponents of color-blind racism oppose

Employer-provided health insurance.

Expulsion refers to the process of

Deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation.

In the future, a growing proportion of the United States will be

White or Hispanic.

A man doing which of the following would be a violation of the male gender role?

Joining a knitting circle

How people see themselves, as either male, female, or something else is referred to as

Gender identity.

Which of the following terms refers to the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of a society?

Institutional discrimination

The elderly are categorized as a subordinate or minority group because

All of these answers are correct.

A midlife crisis is best defined as a period

Of self-evaluation in which people realize that they have not achieved basic goals and have little time to do so.

Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that elderly women experience a double burden regarding income levels, similar to that experienced by elderly members of racial and ethnic minorities?

Conflict perspective

A system of stratification under which peasants were required to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection is known as a(n)

Estate system.

The objective method of assessing social class assigns individuals to classes on the basis of

Criteria such as occupation, education, income, and place of residence.

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to emphasize that a person's health and educational opportunities are affected by his or her class position in important ways?

Conflict perspective

Ethnocentrism refers to

The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others.

Genocide refers to the process of

Deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation.

Which population group represents the largest minority in the U.S.?

Latinos

Which of the following terms is used by Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales to refer to an emphasis on tasks, a focus on more distant goals, and a concern for the external relationship between one's family and other social institutions?

Instrumentality

The hijab is a

Type of head scarf worn by some Muslim women.

Activity theory is a(an)

Functionalist theory of aging, contending that elderly people who remain active will be best-adjusted.

Which sociologist created a model of the retirement experience that incorporates several distinct phases?

Robert Atchley

Which of the following statements about wealth and income among elderly persons is accurate?

There is significant variation in wealth and poverty among the nation's older people.

Which of the following types of stratification systems required peasants to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection and other services?

Estate

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