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Signed in but can't access contentOxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. Institutional account managementFor librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. ________: A favourable or unfavourable evaluative reaction towards something or someone Social psychologists measure ___________ attitudes _____________ _____________ test: uses reaction times to measure how quickly people associate concepts Implicit association test Principle of _____________ : the effects of an attitude become more apparent when we look at a person's aggregate or average behaviour than when we consider isolated acts attitude predicts behaviour better when the _______ is potent Making people ____-_______ promotes consistency between words and deeds Our social ____ can affect our attitudes and behaviours The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request is known as what? The foot in the door phenomenon Actions and ___________ feed each other, even to the point of moral numbness Moral actions affect moral ____________ What three theories attempt to explain how behaviour can affect attitudes: Self-presentation theory; cognitive dissonance theory; self-perception theory ____-________ theory assumes that for strategic reasons we express attitudes that make us appear consistent _____________ ______________ theory assumes that to reduce discomfort, we justify our actions to ourselves _______-_____________ theory assumes that our actions are self-revealing Insufficient ___________: reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one's behaviour when external justification is insufficient ____-_________ theory: The theory that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them much as would someone observing us, by looking at our behaviour and the circumstances under which it occurs _________________ effect: The result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing over justification effect Do anticipated or unanticipated rewards decrease intrinsic interest in a task?
Cognitive dissonance theory explains attitude ________; while self-perception theory explains attitude __________ ______________; The process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes and behaviours How many pathways to persuasion are there? Two; the central route and the peripheral route The __________ route of persuasion occurs when interested when focus on the arguments and response with favourable thoughts The ____________ route to persuasion occurs when people are included by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness _________ route persuasion can lead to more enduring change than does the ___________ route Are attitudes relatively permanent? Are attitudes relatively functional and generalisable? ______ ____________ effect: number of times exposed to an object influences evaluation of object Does the mere exposure effect occur if the original stimulus is disliked? No, it needs to be rewarding Can classical conditioning lead to attitude formation? _____-__________: we infer our own attitudes from our freely chosen behaviours ____-______ theory occurs when attitudes are weak, newly formed, and ambiguous A ________ scale is a good self-report measure of attitudes __________ Association Test: Reaction time to test measure of automatic attitudes Implicit Association Test The more specific the _________ the better chance of a subsequent behaviour Is self-awareness a determinant of attitude - behaviour relationship? ________ justification: Inconsistency experience when a large effort is made to achieve a modest goal Induced _____________: inconsistency experienced when a person is persuaded to behave in a way contrary to their attitude Can changing our perception of a behaviour reduce dissonance? Three variables that affect Persuasion: source; message; audience Presenting the communication as an e________, can lead to better persuasion ____________ processing: process message more carefully, pay more attention ____________ processing - pay less attention, use cognitive shortcuts ___________ - negative reaction to efforts of others to limit our personal freedom The effects of source credibility diminish after a ______ or so __________ effect: A delayed impact of a message that occurs when an initially discounted message becomes effective, as we remember the message but forget the reason for discounting it Speech _____ affects a speaker's apparent trustworthiness and subsequent persuasive ability People respond better to a message that comes from someone in their _____ Fear-framed messages work better when trying to prevent a _____ outcome that when trying to promote a ____ outcome Recency effects are less common that _________ effects Compliance breeds _________ in cults Successful cults usually have a __________ leader Which of the following theories assumes that to reduce discomfort we justify our actions to ourselves quizlet?Which of the following theories assumes that to reduce discomfort we justify our actions to ourselves? cognitive dissonance theory. Diener and Wallbom (1976) found that when research participants were instructed to stop working on a problem after a bell sounded, 71% continued working when left alone.
Is the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort?Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that we will act to reduce the discomfort we feel when our actions and attitudes clash. The theory explains why a. people who act against their attitudes tend to change their attitudes.
Which theory assumes that we observe our actions?In everyday life, people observe other people's actions and behaviors and make inferences about others' attitudes based on what they observe. When people see how another person acts in a particular situation, they often attribute the behavior to the person's traits and attitudes.
What is the theory of cognitive dissonance?Cognitive dissonance theory postulates that an underlying psychological tension is created when an individual's behavior is inconsistent with his or her thoughts and beliefs. This underlying tension then motivates an individual to make an attitude change that would produce consistency between thoughts and behaviors.
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Which theory assumes that to reduce discomfort we justify our actions to ourselves?
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