Which theory suggests that we forget things because other information is blocking its storage or retrieval?

This is an internal record or representation of some prior event or experience.

The organization and shaping of information during processing, storage, and retrieval of memories is called _____?

The process of translating information into neural language that will be retained in memory is called _____.

With regard to memory, the process of retaining neurally coded information over time is known as _____.

The three steps in memory information processing are

encoding, storage, retrieval

Which of the following are ways that people can improve their elaborative rehearsal skills?

a) Expand on the information

b) Question the new information

c) Find meaning in the information

*(All of the above)

In a computer model of memory, _____ would happen at the keyboard, _____ on the monitor, and _____ on the hard drive.

encoding: retrieval: storage

One difference identified between human memory processes and computer memory processes is _____.

human processes occur simultaneously whereas computer processes occur sequentially

The _____ approach suggests that memory results from connections among multiple simultaneous networks

parallel distributed processing

According to the three-stage memory model, information must first enter _____ memory, and transfer to _____ memory, and then to _____ memory to be retained in our memory systems.

sensory, short-term, long-term

_____ refers to the stage of memory in which a relatively exact image of a sensory experience is held briefly until it can be further processed.

This explains why you can recall what someone said several seconds ago, even if you were absorbed in another task when they first said it.

The memory system that stores sensory information while it "decides" whether to send it on to LTM is called _____ memory in the traditional memory model.

The process of repeating information over and over to maintain it in short-term memory is called _____.

Yu-Wai just met a woman he feels attracted to.  He keeps saying her name over and over to himself to make sure he doesn't forget it.  Yu-Wai is using _____ to keep this woman's name in _____ memory.

maintenance rehearsal; short-term memory

What is the purpose stated in your text of long-term memory?

to store information for long periods of time

This memory stage stores an almost limitless amount of information for a nearly permanent duration of time.

The two major systems of long-term memory are _____.

This is the subsystem within long-term memory that consciously stores facts, information, and personal life experiences.

Explicit/declarative memory

This is an example of episodic memory or (personally experienced events).

The event leading up to your high school graduation

The memory subsystem that stores unconscious procedural skills, simple classically conditioned responses, and priming is called _____ memory.

With regard to memory, tying shoes requires the use of your _____.

Nanette highlights the margin-definition of terms in her psychology textbook; Nathan thinks about how each term applies to his own life or to other concepts in the chapter.  Nathan is more likely to recall and use the terms better on an essay exam because _____.

he processed the terms at a deeper level than did Nanette

The immediate goal of elaborative rehearsal is to _____ new information.

An essay test requires the use of _____ because you must use very general retrieval cues to search the contents of your LTM.

The serial position effect suggests that people will remember _____ items better than _____ items on a list.

beginning and end; middle

In answering this question, the correct multiple choice option may serve as a _____ for recalling accurate information from your long-term memory.

____ theory suggests that memory is like any other biological process that deteriorates over time.

____ theory suggests that we forget things because other information is blocking its storage or retrieval.

Tests make you anxious. You forgot there was a test today. Freud might suggest that his theory of _____ applies in this situation.

Encoding failure is likely due to _____.

deciding the information wasn't important enough to transfer to LTM

_____ theory suggests that forgetting is due to a momentary inability to recall permanently stored information due to interference, faulty cues, or emotional states.

A retrieval failure that involves a sensation of knowing something, but being temporarily unable to retrieve it is called _____.

the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Cramming is another term for _____, which is an inefficient form of studying.

What conclusion can be drawn from cross-cultural studies of memory?

Culture provides experiences and strategies that improve memory for culturally-relevant information.

Research on humans and lab animals suggests that injections of _____ or stimulation of _____ increases the encoding and storage of new information.

epinephrine and cortisol; the amygdala

A flashbulb memory is one in which _____.

vivid images are associated with a surprising or strongly emotional event

Your vivid memory of what you were doing when you learned about the attack on the World Trade Center is an example of _____.

Memory tends to be _____.

localized, and distributed throughout the brain

Loss of memory as a result of brain injury or trauma is called _____.

Loss of memory for events before an injury is called _____ amnesia.

Kelsey suffers from _____ amnesia because he cannot remember the events that led up to the motorcycle accident that injured his brain.

A progressive mental deterioration characterized by severe memory loss that occurs most commonly in the elderly is called _____.

Researchers have demonstrated that it is _____ to create false memories.

._____ memories are related to anxiety-provoking thoughts or events that are prevented from reaching consciousness.

According to research, eyewitnesses generally report _____ confidence in the accuracy of their inaccurate memories.

In a study of eyewitness testimony, _____ of the participants who observed a "crime in progress" identified innocent people from a group of mugshots an hour later, and _____ identified innocent people from a lineup a week later.

Your textbook author summarizes specific study tips compiled from memory research. These tips include all the following EXCEPT _____.

Sleep is important for memory because _____.

we process and store information new memories

Studying information even after you think you already know it _____.

is an effective strategy called overlearning

The method of loci, peg-word system, and substitute word system are all examples of _____.

In a class activity, you learned a list of eight animals. This is an example of _____.

the method of loci mnemonic device

June uses the _____ mnemonic device for remembering the order of the ossicles because she can see a mallet hitting a bun, a shoe sitting on an anvil, and a pair of stirrups hanging from a tree.

James uses the _____ mnemonic device for remembering that the names of the Great lakes start with the letters in HOMES.

Which theory suggests that we forget things because?

What is retrieval failure theory?

What are the 4 types of forgetting?

What is decay theory and interference theory?