Which type of variable is a sometimes overlooked variable that explains the relationship between two other variables?

Research that translates the social world into numbers that can be treated mathematically.
Often tries to find cause-and-effect relationships

Research that work with non numerical data such as text, field notes, interview transcripts, photographs, and tape recordings
Often tries to understand how people make sense of their world

A procedure for acquiring knowledge that emphasizes collecting concrete data through observation and experimentation

A thorough search through previously published studies relevant to a particular topic

A theoretical statement explaining the relationship between two or more phenomena

Two or more phenomena that a researcher believes are related; these will be examined in the experiment

A clear and precise definition of a variable that facilitates its measurement

A relationship between variables in which they change together, and may or may not be causal

A relationship between variables in which a change in one directly produces a change in the other

A third variable, sometimes overlooked, that explains the relationship between two other variables

The appearance of causation produced by an intervening variable

A major change in basic assumptions of a particular scientific discipline

A naturalistic method based on studying people in their own environment in order to understand the meanings they attribute to their activities; also, the written work that results from the study

A methodology associated with ethnography whereby the researcher both observed and becomes a member in a social setting

The process by which an ethnographer gains entry to a field setting

A positive relationship often characterized by mutual trust or sympathy

Detailed notes take by an ethnographer describing her activities and interactions, which later becomes the basis of the analysis

A form of participant observation where the feelings and actions of the researcher become a focal point of the ethnographic study

The presentation of detailed data on interactions and meaning within a cultural context, from the perspective of its members

How the identity and activities of the researcher and influence what is going on in the field setting

And inductive method of generating theory from data by creating categories in which to place data and then looking for relationships among categories

Research that can be repeated, and thus verified, by other researchers later

The accuracy of a question or measurement tool; the degree to which a researcher is measuring what he thinks he is measuring

The degree to which a particular studied group is similar to, or represents, any part of the larger society

An opinion held by the researcher that might affect the research or analysis

A participant in a study from whom the researcher seeks to gather information

The entire group about which a researcher would like to be able to generalize

The members of the target population who will actually be studied

A process for interviewing a number of participants together, it also allows for interaction among group members

Research method based on questionnaires that are administered to a sample of respondents selected from a target population

A way of formatting a survey questionnaire so that the respondent can choose an answer along a continuum

A procedure that results in a sample group that reflects the characteristics of members in the target population

A sample taken so that finishing from members of the sample group can be generalized to the larger population; also referred to as a stratified sample

The consistency of a question of measurement tool; the degree to which the same question will produce similar answers

An ideal whereby researchers identify facts without allowing their own personal beliefs or biases to interfere

A specific example of reactivity, in which the desired effect is the result not of the independent variable but of the test down itself

A theoretical statement explaining the relationship between two or more phenomena

Two or more phenomena that a researcher believes are related; these will be examined in the experiment

A clear and precise definition of a variable that facilitates its measurement

A relationship between variables in which they change together and may or may not be casual

A relationship between variables in which a change in one directly produces a change in the other

A third valuable, sometimes overlooked, that explain the relationship between two other variables 

The appearance of causation produced by an intervening variable

A major change in basic assumptions of a particular scientific discipline 

A naturalistic method based on studying people in their own environment in order to understand the meanings they attribute to their activities; also the written work that results from the study

A methodology associated with ethnography whereby the researcher both observes and becomes a member in a social setting 

The process by which an ethnographer gains entry to a field setting

A positive relationship often characterized by mutual trust or sympathy

Detailed notes taken by an ethnographer describing her activities and interactions, which later become the basis of the analysis

A form of participant observation where the feelings and actions of the researcher become a focal point of the ethnographic study 

The presentation of detailed data on interactions and meaning within a cultural context, from the perspective of its members

How the identity and activities of the researcher influence what is going on in the field setting

An inductive method of generating theory from data by creating categories in which to place data and then looking for relationships among categories

Research that can be repeated and, thus later verified by other researchers

The accuracy of a question or measurement tool; the degree to which a researcher is measuring what he thinks he is measuring 

The degree to which a particular studied group is similar to, or represents, any part of the larger society

An opinion held by the researcher that might affect the research or analysis 

Person-to-person conversations for the purpose of gathering information by means of questions posed to respondents

A participant in a study from whom the researcher seeks to gather information 

The entire group about which a researcher would like to be able to generalize 

The members of the target population who will actually be studied 

A process for interviewing a number of participants together that also allows for interaction among group members 

A safeguard through which the researcher makes sure that respondents are freely participating and understand the nature of the research

A question asked of a respondent that imposes a limit on the possible responses

A question asked of a respondent that allows the answer to take whatever form the respondent chooses

Questions that predispose a respondent to answer in a certain way

Double-Barreled Questions

Questions that attempt to get at multiple issues at once, and so tend to receive incomplete or confusing answers

An approach to interviewing that asks for a chronological account of the respondent's entire life or some portion of it

A type of research aimed at creating social change, in which the researcher works closely with members of a community who participate in the research process and collaborate toward the goal of social change

Research method based on questionnaires that are administered to a sample of respondents selected from a target population

A way of formatting a survey questionnaire so that the respondent can choose an answer along a continuum

Survey questions that ask respondents what they don't think instead of what they do think

A small-scale study carried out to test the feasibility of conducting a study on a larger scale

Any sampling procedure that uses randomization 

A particular type of probability sample in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected 

A sample taken so that findings from members of the sample group can be generalized to the larger population; also referred to as a stratified sample 

The number or percentage of surveys completed by respondents and returned to researchers 

The consistency of a question or measurement tool; the degree to which the same questions will produce similar answers 

Materials that have been produced for some other reason but that can be used as data for social research 

Research methods that rely on existing sources and where the researcher does not intrude upon or disturb the social setting or its subjects 

Comparative Historical Research

Research that uses existing sources to study relationships among elements of society in various regions and time periods

A method in which researchers identify and study specific variables or themes that appear in a text, image, or media message

Formal tests of specific variables and effects, performed in a setting where all aspects of the situation can be controlled

The members of a test group who receive the experimental treatment

The members of a test group who are allowed to continue without intervention so that they can be compared with the experimental group 

The factor that is predicted to cause change

The factor that is changed (or not) by the independent variable

An ideal whereby researchers identify facts without allowing their own personal beliefs or biases to interfere 

The search for knowledge without an agenda or practical goal in mind

The search for knowledge that can be used to create social change 

Impartiality; the ability to allow the facts to speak for themselves

The tendency of people and events to react to the process of being studied 

A specific example of reactivity, in which the desired effect is the result not of the independent variable but of the research itself 

The extent to which the participants in a research project are unaware of the project or its goals

The assurance that no one other than the researcher will know the identity of a respondent 

Ethical guidelines for researchers to consult as they design a project

Institutional Review Board

A group of scholars within a university who meet regularly to review and approve the research proposals of their colleagues and make recommendations for how to protect human subjects

What is the term for a relationship between variables in which a change in one directly produces a change in the other?

What is a statement about the relationship between two variables?

What method is used by researchers to identify and study specific variables or themes that appear in a text image or media message?

What is the consistency of a measurement tool or the degree to which the same questions will produce similar answers?