General Genetic Implications: Pronunciation: Trade Name(s) Ther. Class. antihypertensives Pharm. Class. ace inhibitors Action Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. ACE inhibitors also prevent the degradation of bradykinin and other vasodilatory prostaglandins. ACE inhibitors also ↑ plasma renin levels and ↓ aldosterone levels. Net result is systemic vasodilation. Therapeutic Effect(s): Absorption: 60–75% absorbed following oral administration (decreased by food). Distribution: Crosses the placenta; enters breast milk in small amounts. Metabolism and Excretion: 50% metabolized by the liver to inactive compounds, 50% excreted unchanged in urine. Half-life: Infants with HF: 3.3 hr (range 1.2–12.4 hr); Children: 1.5 hr (range 0.98–2.3 hr); Adults: 1.9 hr (↑ to 20–40 hr in renal impairment); Adults with HF: 2.1 hr. TIME/ACTION PROFILE (effect on BP–single dose†)
Contraindication/PrecautionsContraindicated in:
Use Cautiously in:
Exercise Extreme Caution in: History of angioedema. Adverse Reactions/Side EffectsCNS: dizziness, fatigue, headache, insomnia Resp: cough CV: hypotension, chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia GI: taste disturbances, abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting GU: proteinuria, impaired renal function Derm: ANGIOEDEMA, rash, pruritis F and E: hyperkalemia Hemat: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, neutropenia Misc: fever * CAPITALS indicate life-threatening. InteractionsDrug-Drug
Drug-Natural Products: Avoid natural licorice (causes sodium and water retention and increases potassium loss). Drug-Food: Food significantly ↓ absorption. Administer captopril 1 hr before meals. Route/Dosage (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});Note: Use lower doses (1/2 of those listed) in patients who are sodium and water depleted due to diuretics. Hypertension PO (Adults and Adolescents): 12.5–25 mg 2–3 times daily, may be ↑ at 1–2 wk intervals up to 150 mg 3 times daily (initiate therapy with 6.25–12.5 mg 2–3 times daily in patients receiving diuretics). Heart Failure PO (Adults): 25 mg 3 times daily (6.25–12.5 mg 3 times daily in patients who have been vigorously diuresed); titrated up to target dose of 50 mg 3 times daily (max dose = 450 mg/day). PO (Children): 0.3–0.5 mg/kg 3 times daily, titrate up to a maximum of 6 mg/kg/day in 2–4 divided doses; Older Children: 6.25–12.5 mg every 12–24 hr, titrate up to a maximum of 6 mg/kg/day in 2–4 divided doses. PO Infants: 0.15–0.3 mg/kg, titrate up to a maximum of 6 mg/kg/day in 1–4 divided doses. PO (Neonates): 0.05–0.1 mg/kg every 8–24 hr, may ↑ as needed up to 0.5 mg/kg every 6–24 hr; Premature neonates: 0.01 mg/kg/dose every 8–12 hr. Left Ventricular Dysfunction Post-MI PO (Adults): 6.25-mg test dose, followed by 12.5 mg 3 times daily, may be ↑ up to 50 mg 3 times daily. Diabetic Nephropathy PO (Adults): 25 mg 3 times daily. Renal Impairment Availability (generic available) (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});Tablets: 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg In Combination with: hydrochlorothiazide (generic only). See combination drugs. Assessment
Lab Test Considerations: Monitor renal function. May cause ↑ BUN and serum creatinine. If ↑ BUN or serum creatinine concentrations occur, may require dose reduction or withdrawal.
Potential Diagnoses
Implementation
Patient/Family Teaching
Evaluation/Desired Outcomes
captopril is a sample topic from the Davis's Drug Guide. To view other topics, please log in or purchase a subscription. Nursing Central is an award-winning, complete mobile solution for nurses and students. Look up information on diseases, tests, and procedures; then consult the database with 5,000+ drugs or refer to 65,000+ dictionary terms. Complete Product Information. Which nutritional goal is appropriate for a client newly diagnosed with hypertension?Limit sodium to no more than 2,300 mg a day (eating only 1,500 mg a day is an even more effective goal). Reduce saturated fat to no more than 6% of daily calories and total fat to 27% of daily calories. Low-fat dairy products appear to be especially beneficial for lowering systolic blood pressure.
What are the functions of fat in the body Select all that apply?Within the body, lipids function as an energy reserve, regulate hormones, transmit nerve impulses, cushion vital organs, and transport fat-soluble nutrients. Fat in food serves as an energy source with high caloric density, adds texture and taste, and contributes to satiety.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take to assess for Somogyi phenomenon?which of the following actions should the nurse take to assess for somogyi phenomenon? monitor blood glucose levels during the night. (Somogyi is fasting hyperglycemia that occurs in the mornings in response to hypoglycemia during the nighttime.
Which lab result is the most likely indicator of malnutrition?The most helpful laboratory studies in assessing malnutrition in a child are hematological studies and laboratory studies evaluating protein status: Hematological studies should include a CBC count with RBC indices and a peripheral smear.
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