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Industrial Organizational Psychology Levy Chapter 9 Motivation Terms in this set [87]A force that organizes perceptions, beliefs, and actions, and can lead to behaviors that reduce that force and reinstate balance is referred to as a[n]: need A topic that is NOT included in organizational psychology is: job analysis A topic that would be included in organizational psychology is: leadership According to Bandura, the attention that individuals devote to feedback processes and to understanding their own performance and effort is referred to as: self-evaluation According to Bandura, which of the following is NOT a component of self-regulation? self-esteem According to Equity Theory, when employees perceive inequity, a state of tension results and they are motivated to: reduce the tension According to Hackman and Oldham [1980], all of the following are core job dimensions EXCEPT: experienced responsibility According to Hackman and Oldham, which of the following represents the extent to which individuals value fulfilling higher-order needs? growth need strength According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, supervision, salary, and working conditions are examples of: hygiene factors According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of these needs would take precedence? drinking water to reduce thirst According to Vroom's Expectancy Theory, _____ is the perceived relationship between the performance of a particular behavior and the likelihood that a certain outcome will result from that behavior. instrumentality According to equity theory, we compare our ratio of inputs and outputs to: the ratio of inputs and outputs of our peers According to equity theory, which of the following would be an input? education level According to equity theory, which of the following would be an output? feelingsof satisfaction According to goal-setting theory, motivation is enhanced when employees accept and are committed to specific, difficult goals as well as when they: are given feedback regarding progress toward those goals According to goal-setting theory, people will perform best when: they are assigned specific and difficult goals According to goal-setting theory, which of the following goals will likely result in the most effective performance by newspaper sales representatives who are committed to increasing their subscription sales? sell five new subscriptions per week According to the two-factor theory, which of the following is an example of a motivator? recognition According to the two-factor theory, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor? supervision According to two-factor theory, "recognition" would be an example of a[n] _____, and "supervision" would be an example of a[n] _____. motivator; hygiene Adan has set a standard for himself to "be productive" at work. According to control theory, how will Adan gauge whether he has met this standard? he might look at a checklist to see which tasks he has successfully completed Alicia does not believe it is fair that she must work in her job for two years before she will be considered for promotion. Alicia's feelings of unfairness in this situation fall under the category of: procedural justice An individual's interest in, and concern with, fairness-related activities in the workplace is referred to as: organizational justice Angie perceives inequity because, when she compares her input/ outcome ratio to Sally's, the ratios are not equal. Angie frequently volunteers to work many more hours than Sally, but she does not receive the same bonuses that Sally receives. According to equity theory, one way Angie can reduce her perceived inequity is to: stop volunteering to work extra hours Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to: whether an individual feels she or he can successfully accomplish a task Because Nathan is a college student who is motivated by the need to fulfill his potential, he diligently attends every class and studies hard for every exam. According to Maslow, Nathan has reached the level of the needs hierarchy known as: self-actualization Carlos believes that there is a strong relationship between studying many hours and receiving an A on his next exam. According to expectancy theory, Carlos's belief reflects: expectancy Eliseo, who is currently taking a biology course, is not particularly interested in learning and developing as a researcher. What he is focused on is earning an A in the course. Eliseo has adopted a: performance goal orientation Ella has learned that she will not be getting a bonus this year. She is particularly upset about this because her supervisor has not explained why she won't be getting the bonus and was rude to her when he told her the news. In this case, she is likely upset because of a low level of: interactional justice Equity theory and expectancy theory are categorized as ________ theories of motivation. cognitive choice Forces that organize perceptions, beliefs, cognitions, and actions, and then give rise to behaviors that reduce the forces and bring about a steady state, are known as: needs In applied behavior analysis, the ABC model includes: antecedents, behavior, and consequences In job characteristics theory, core job dimensions directly influence: internal motivation In organizational behavior management [OBM], the ABC model of applied behavior analysis stands for: antecedents, behavior, and consequences In organizational behavior management [OBM], the approach that focuses on the antecedents of behaviors, the behaviors themselves, and the consequences of the behaviors is referred to as: applied behavior analysis Interactional justice can be divided into two subtypes of justice: interpersonal justice and: informational justice Job Characteristics Theory suggests that core job dimensions influence _____ that result in personal and work outcomes, including motivation. critical psychological states Job enrichment relies heavily on which motivational theory? job characteristics theory Juan, a long-distance runner, perceives his ability to successfully complete a marathon to be quite good. According to Bandura, Juan's perceptions reflect his: self-efficacy expectations Kia has received a poor grade in one class. When she visits the professor to discuss it, he explains in detail how her grade was decided, but his manner is rude as he does so. In this example, Kia likely experiences high ________ justice, and low ________ justice. informational; interactional Ludwig and Geller [1997, 2000] conducted a study examining goal setting and safety behaviors of pizza delivery drivers. Which of the following statements BEST describes their findings? drivers who were either assigned a goal or set one themselves were safer than drivers who did not set goals Mariela believes that if she gets a favorable performance review, she will be more likely to get higher pay. According to expectancy theory, Mariela's belief reflects: instrumentality Maslow's love needs correspond to Alderfer's ________ needs. relatedness Monica knows that if she performs well on her next project, she will receive a pay raise. Unfortunately, Monica is not interested in a pay raise; she would rather have more vacation time to spend with her family. According to expectancy theory, Monica has a low level of: valence Monroe is a college professor who feels that she is well-regarded and respected by her students and her peers. According to Maslow, Monroe has reached the level of the needs hierarchy known as: esteem New research examining equity sensitivity suggests that _____ are fairly tolerant of underreward inequity, while ______ are fairly tolerant of overreward inequity. benevolents; entitleds Of the following needs, which is NOT included in Maslow's hierarchy? growth Organizational justice involves three types of justice: distributive justice, procedural justice, and: interactional justice Paul is an HR manager who wants to motivate his employees using job characteristics theory to guide his efforts. One step Paul should take is to: redesign jobs to be high on skill variety and autonomy Paul is faced with a work problem and approaches it from the standpoint that he wants to learn and develop his skills in order to solve the problem. Paul is exhibiting: a learning goal orientation People's perceptions and beliefs about the fairnessof their treatment at work affect their motivation, attitudes, and behavior, which is the underlying idea behind: equity theory Pilar perceives inequity because, when she compares her input/ outcome ratio to Blake's, the ratios are not equal. Pilar produces excellent work but does not receive the pay that Blake receives. According to equity theory, one way Pilar can reduce her perceived inequity is to: alter her perceptions about her ratio by comparing herself to a coworker who earns a lower salary Reyna knows that if she puts in longer hours, her performance on her project will improve. However, she feels her boss dislikes her, so even if she improves her performance, she believes she will not receive a raise [which she would really like]. According to expectancy theory, Reyna has high ______ and low ______. expectancy; instrumentality Tanya is studying for an upcoming exam in her statistics class. She is more concerned with thoroughly understanding statistical concepts than worried about the grade that she will receive in the course. Tanya has adopted a: learning goal orientation The basic premise of _____ Theory is that individuals are motivated to reduce any discrepancies between performance feedback and a goal or standard. control The last step in the Management by Objectives process involves: the participative setting of the next period's objectives by managers and subordinates The manner in which individuals monitor their own behaviors and make adjustments to those behaviors in the pursuit of goals is referred to as: self-regulation The motivation theory developed during the 1950s and 1960s that assumes individuals behave in ways which satisfy their biological and instinctive needs is known as: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs The process of increasing the motivating potential of jobs by strengthening the key motivating characteristics identified by job characteristics theory is referred to as: job enlargement To execute a job enrichment program and increase the motivating potential of jobs, an organization might: increase employee autonomy What is the order of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, from bottom to top? physiological needs, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization Which motivational theory suggests that social-contextual events that enhance perceptions of competence improve intrinsic motivation? self-determination theory Which of the following best describes Stajkovic and Luthan's [1997] meta-analysis on organizational behavior management [OBM]? companies that used OBM experienced significant performance improvements Which of the following is NOT a component of work motivation? controls effort Which of the following is NOT a stage in the management by objectives process? examining the links between current rewards and subordinate behaviors Which of the following is NOT a way that goal-setting changes behavior? goals help us compare ourselves with others Which of the following is NOT one of the steps involved in the behavioral approach to human resources management? developing an action plan to describe how managers will achieve their goals Which of the following recommendations is supported by the job characteristics model? employees should understand how their effortslead to meaningful outcomes Which of the following social cognitive motivational theories is based on the existence of a negative feedback loop that results from comparing performance feedback with a goal? control theory Which of the following statements about motivation is FALSE? motivation and performance are the same construct Which of the following statements best sums up empirical research on equity theory? empirical support is mixed; people are more likely to attempt to change their rations if they are under-rewarded than if they are over-rewarded Which of the following statements best sums up empirical research on the job characteristics model? a recent meta-analysis suggests that job characteristics have important influences on motivation, performance, and satisfaction Which of the following statements best sums up empirical support for Maslow's hierarchy of needs? it is difficult to test, and thus few empirical studies have investigated it Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding equity theory? research suggests that is people believe they are underpaid, the quality of their work may become lower Which of the following statements is the best example of the overjustification effect? Regan used to like painting pictures. However, once she started getting paid for painting , she refused to paint unless he was paid to do so Who is responsible for the motivation theory that proposes that the determinants of job satisfaction are not the same as those that determine job dissatisfaction? Frederick Herzberg With respect to goal-setting theory, which of the following statements is FALSE? people perform best when they are able to choose their own goals Work motivation is a force that drives people to behave in a way that energizes, directs, and _____ work behaviors. sustains Work motivation is a force that drives people to behave in a way that energizes, _____, and sustains work behaviors. directs Yang has given up trying to achieve an A in her psychology course because she believes that it is now impossible to earn that grade. According to control theory, Yang's belief represents: disengagement _____ is the force that drives people to behave in a way that energizes, directs, and sustains their work behavior. motivation ________ argues that motivation is determined by the joint effects of individual differences in personality and characteristics of the job. job characteristics theory ________ is a force that drives people to behave in a way that energizes, directs, and sustains work behavior. work motivation ________ is based on the premise that people's behaviors result from conscious choices among alternatives, and that these alternatives are evaluated with respect to valence, among other things. expectancy theory ________ is the systematic study of dispositional and situational variables that influence the behaviors and experiences of individuals and groups at work. organizational psychology ________ theories emphasize the cognitive, behavioral, individual, and environmental factors that work together in determining motivation. social cognitive ________ theories suggest that motivation is linked to the manner in which individuals monitor their own behaviors and adjust those behaviors in the pursuit of goals. self-regulation Recommended textbook solutions Psychology: Themes and Variations10th EditionWayne Weiten 180 solutions Understanding Psychology, Student Edition1st EditionRichard A. Kasschau 820 solutions Cognitive Psychology5th EditionE Bruce Goldstein 211 solutions A Concise Introduction To Logic13th EditionLori Watson, Patrick J. Hurley 1,967 solutions Sets found in the same folder Industrial Organizational Psychology Chapter 10 -…90 terms LankaBaba I/O Psych Ch. 5 test100 terms Stuntinlikemydaddy I/O Psych Ch 6 Test102 terms Stuntinlikemydaddy IOP Exam 3156 terms jellyqle Other sets by this creator FL Trusts47 terms LankaBaba International Sports Arbitration56 terms LankaBaba Contracts--Cases109 terms LankaBaba Torts--Fall 2017130 terms LankaBaba Other Quizlet sets Psychology Exam 1: quizzes49 terms newsometoriPLUS Research Methods Final Exam17 terms kayla_raucheisen General Psychology Exam #149 terms alison_longg Personality Psych Test 3 Book Questions39 terms whitney_hewlett Related questions QUESTION An employer terminates an employee for being unattractive and putting less effort in personal appearance. Why is this permitted under an At-Will employment relationship? 15 answers QUESTION What is an activity that can increase a supervisor's ability to substitute one worker for another when the supervisor is short on staff members? 6 answers QUESTION The acquired needs identified by McClelland include the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for esteem. 13 answers QUESTION what motivation theory would suggest offering lump sum bonuses and gain sharing? 2 answers What term describes the phenomenon in which workers become upset after comparing their equity with others?Social loafing refers to the concept that people are prone to exert less effort when working collectively as part of a group compared to performing a task alone.
Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement affiliation and power?McClelland's Human Motivation Theory states that every person has one of three main driving motivators: the needs for achievement, affiliation, or power.
Which statement best summarizes the empirical research on equity theory?Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical research on equity theory? Answers: A. Because the premises are difficult to test, very little research has been done on equity theory.
Which of the following is an example of a content theory of motivation?Theories of motivation that look at the content of what it is that motivates us. The most common examples of content theories are Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alderfer's ERG model, Herzberg's two-factor model, and McClelland's need for achievement, affiliation, and power.
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According to equity theory, a worker will perceive inequity when which of the following exists
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