According to taylors differential _____ system, workers were motivated by money.

Management, 10e (Robbins) Chapter 2 Management History

1. According to Adam Smith, division of labor was an important concept. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Topic: Historical Background of Management

2. The division of labor is also referred to by the term job specification. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Topic: Historical Background of Management

3. In the Industrial Revolution, machine power began substituting for human power. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 25 Topic: Historical Background of Management

4. The Industrial Revolution began in the nineteenth century. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25 Topic: Historical Background of Management

5. Principles of Scientific Management was written by Frederick Winslow Taylor. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 26 Topic: Classical Approach

6. "Employee motivation" is the phrase most associated with scientific management. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 26 Topic: Classical Approach

7. The primary issue that motivated Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was worker satisfaction. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

8. Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested the incentive pay principle. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

9. Geert Hofstede is associated with the scientific management approach. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 26 Topic: Classical Approach

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1. Frank Gilbreth's best-known contribution to scientific management concerned selecting the best worker for a particular job. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

2. Gilbreth is best known for "the one best way." Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

3. Frederick Taylor is most associated with the principles of scientific management. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 26- Topic: Classical Approach

4. Henri Fayol was among the first researchers to use motion pictures to study hand-and-body motions. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

5. General administrative theory focuses only on managers and administrators. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Classical Approach

6. Henri Fayol identified five functions of managers: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Classical Approach

7. The 14 principles of management are associated with Fayol. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Classical Approach

8. An organization that has a division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as a bureaucracy. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Classical Approach

9. Weber's bureaucracy is a lot like scientific management. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30 Topic: Classical Approach

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1. Follett is the scientist who is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 34 Topic: Behavioral Approach

2. According to the textbook, total quality management is a philosophy of management driven by continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 Topic: Quantitative Approach

3. Which of the following is not a reason why the division of labor enhances productivity? A) It increases worker skill and dexterity. B) It saves time lost in changing tasks. C) It encourages labor-saving inventions. D) It requires strict management control over worker time and motion. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 25 Topic: Historical Background of Management

4. An example of early uses of the functions of management is the ________. A) development of gunpowder B) arsenal of Venice where ships were built C) Artist's Revolution in 1803 D) War of 1812 Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24- Topic: Historical Background of Management

5. In the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith described the breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks and called this ________. A) assembly lines B) work denomination C) division of labor D) greatest common factor of work Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 25 Topic: Historical Background of Management

6. Which of the following was a major result of the Industrial Revolution? A) cottage industry B) water power C) factory manufacturing D) critical thinking Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 25 Topic: Historical Background of Management

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1. Frederick Taylor performed most of his work in ________. A) grape vineyards in California B) steel companies in Pennsylvania C) auto assembly plants near Detroit D) cotton gins in Alabama Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

2. Frederick Taylor advocated which of the following management principles? A) Work and responsibility should be divided almost equally between managers and workers. B) Workers should perform all work, while management should maintain responsibility for the work performed. C) Managers should perform more work that workers, because managers are generally more skilled. D) Workers can be highly productive even if they are randomly selected for a job. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

3. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's work began in the area of ________. A) laying bricks B) cutting lumber C) installing rudimentary electrical wiring D) assembly lines Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

4. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were the first researchers to utilize motion pictures to the study of ________. A) reactions of workers in group settings B) hand-and-body motions C) workers reactions to pay increases D) groups of workers in tense situations where they are assigning each other tasks Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

5. Which of the following phrases is most associated with scientific management? A) management relations B) one best way C) supply and demand D) quality control Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

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1. Bureaucracy is defined as a form of organization characterized by ________. A) division of labor B) clearly defined hierarchy C) detailed rules and regulations D) all of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Classical Approach

2. The primary issue that motivated Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was ________. A) worker efficiency B) worker effectiveness C) worker absenteeism and turnover D) workplace safety Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

3. Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested which of the following pay principles? A) monthly salary B) monthly salary with bonus C) seniority pay D) incentive pay Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

4. A "therblig" concerns what scientific management workplace issue? A) optimum temperature for workplace efficiency B) basic hand motions C) optimum speed for basic motions D) weight/movement ratios Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Classical Approach

5. General administrative theory focuses on ________. A) the entire organization B) managers and administrators C) the measurement of organizational design relationships D) primarily the accounting function Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Classical Approach

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1. General administrative theorists devoted their efforts to ________. A) developing mathematical models to improve management B) improving the productivity and efficiency of workers C) making the overall organization more effective D) emphasizing the study of human behavior in organizations Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Classical Approach

2. The quantitative approach to management has also been referred to by which of the following names? A) sales optimization B) management science C) managerial theory D) statistical reformulation Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 30 Topic: Quantitative Approach

3. The quantitative approach evolved from the development of mathematical and statistical solutions to ________. A) waiting line problems at fast-food restaurants in the 1960s B) military problems in World War II C) clogged telephone circuits during the 1930s D) production management problems in the 1950s Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 30 Topic: Quantitative Approach

4. The quantitative approach involves applications of ________. A) statistics, information models, and computer simulations B) psychology testing, focus groups, and mathematics C) optimization models, interviews, and questionnaires D) surveys, strategic planning, and group problem solving Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 30 Topic: Quantitative Approach

5. Quantitative techniques have become less intimidating with the advent of ________. A) training of these techniques in college B) digital image processing C) sophisticated computer software D) managers with better mathematical skills Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 30- Topic: Quantitative Approach

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1. Each of the following represents a drawback to the quantitative approach except ________. A) managers are unfamiliar with quantitative tools B) managers cannot relate easily to quantitative models C) managers tend to be intimidated by quantitative tools D) quantitative problems are more widespread than behavioral problems Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 Topic: Quantitative Approach

2. A company that sees its employees as the driving force behind the organization probably follows which managerial approach? A) workplace diversity B) organizational behavior C) quantitative analysis D) total quality management Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

3. Frederick Taylor advocated which of the following management principles? A) Work and responsibility should be divided almost equally between managers and workers. B) Workers should perform all work, while management should maintain responsibility for the work performed. C) Managers should perform more work that workers, because managers are generally more skilled. D) Workers can be highly productive even if they are randomly selected for a job. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

4. Which of the following is most closely associated with the organizational behavior approach to management? A) bureaucracy B) concern for employee motivation C) scientific methodology D) interdependent systems Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

5. According to the textbook, which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior was concerned about deplorable working conditions? A) Robert Owens B) Hugo Munsterberg C) Mary Parker Follett D) Chester Barnard Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

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1. Which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior created the field of industrial psychology, the scientific study of people at work? A) Robert Owens B) Hugo Munsterberg C) Mary Parker Follett D) Chester Barnard Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

2. ________ was one of the first to recognize that organizations could be viewed from the perspective of individual and group behavior. A) Robert Owens B) Hugo Munsterberg C) Mary Parker Follett D) Chester Barnard Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

3. Which of the following early advocates of organizational behavior was the first to argue that organizations were open systems? A) Robert Owens B) Hugo Munsterberg C) Mary Parker Follett D) Chester Barnard Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

4. Which four theorists are associated with the early organizational behavior approach? A) Barnard, Follett, Munsterberg, and Owen B) Munsterberg, Taylor, Fayol, and Follett C) Taylor, Fayol, Weber, and Barnard D) Follett, Barnard, Munsterberg, and Weber Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

5. Which of the following was a major contribution of Hugo Munsterberg? A) He was a social reformer. B) He created the field of industrial psychology. C) He was interested in individual and group behavior. D) He viewed organizations as social systems requiring human cooperation. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

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1. What scientist is most closely associated with the Hawthorne Studies? A) Adams B) Mayo C) Lawler D) Barnard Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 34 Topic: Behavioral Approach

2. One outcome of the Hawthorne Studies could be described by which of the following statements? A) Social norms or group standards are the key determinants of individual work behavior. B) Money is more important than the group with regards to individual productivity. C) Behavior and employee sentiments are inversely related. D) Security is relatively unimportant. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 34 Topic: Behavioral Approach

3. A system can best be defined as a(n)________. A) grouping of separate and independent parts B) set of interrelated and interdependent parts C) ordering of distinct and unrelated parts D) set of connected but nonfunctional parts Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35 Topic: Contemporary Approach

4. Each of the following terms could be used to characterize systems except ________. A) unified B) fragmented C) whole D) set Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35 Topic: Contemporary Approach

5. Which of the following types of systems does not interact with its environment? A) fluid B) diagrammatic C) closed D) resource-driven Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35 Topic: Contemporary Approach

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1. Which of the following is considered a systems input? A) management activities B) financial results C) operations methods D) raw materials Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35 Topic: Contemporary Approach

2. In an open organizational system, products and services produced by the organization can be considered as which of the following? A) capital expenditures B) transformation processes C) outputs D) inputs Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35 Topic: Contemporary Approach

3. Open organizations are those that ________. A) interact with their environments B) consist of interdependent parts C) are influenced by their environments, but do not interact with them D) operate independently of their environments Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35 Topic: Contemporary Approach

4. According to the systems approach, effective management must ensure that ________. A) its organization succeeds in ignoring governmental regulations B) its organization becomes self-contained C) key departments within an organization have the greatest efficiency D) all interdependent units within an organization operate together Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 35 Topic: Contemporary Approach

5. A manager who believes that no one set of principles applies equally to all work environments is most likely advocating which management approach? A) contingency B) workplace diversity C) organizational behavior D) knowledge management Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 36 Topic: Contemporary Approach

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1. All of the following are characteristics of total quality management except ________. A) intense focus on the competition B) concern for continual improvement C) improvement in the quality of everything the organization does D) accurate measurement E) empowerment of employees Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31- Topic: Quantitative Approach

2. Quality management is driven by a focus on ________. A) workplace diversity B) workplace spirituality C) continual improvement D) knowledge management Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 Topic: Quantitative Approach

A Look Back (Scenario)

Cindy Schultz, tired from working with customers all day, decided to take a 15-minute nap. She needed to clear her head before the 4:15 P. managers meeting. Her company had recently begun a re engineering process. They were going through many changes that required extensive management input. As she leaned back in her chair, Cindy wondered if management processes had always been this way. She fell asleep and dreamed that she was traveling in a time machine with "Mr. Peabody" as her guide. Mr. Peabody took Cindy back through management history.

1. Cindy visited a bookstore that was holding a book signing. She saw that the title of the book was Principles of Scientific Management , which had just been published. Cindy concluded that the time period must be ________. A) early 1800s B) late 1800s C) early 1900s D) mid 1900s Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 26 Topic: Classical Approach

2. Cindy admired the works of Taylor and Gilbreth, two advocates of ________. A) scientific management B) organizational behavior C) human resource management D) motivation Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

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1. Cindy was impressed to learn that Frederick Taylor's experiments succeeded in improving worker productivity by ________ percent or more. A) 25 B) 50 C) 130 D) 200 Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

2. Cindy spent some time visiting with ________, a researcher who also contributed to management science by being among the first to use motion picture films to study hand-and- body motions. A) Henry Gantt B) Max Weber C) Chester Barnard D) Frank Gilbreth Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

Management Intern (Scenario)

As an intern, Jeanna is perplexed as she hears different managers discuss their views on particular problems. She has been assigned to several departments during her internship.

1. In trying to increase productivity, one manager utilizes analysis of basic work tasks to determine the "one best way" for different jobs to be done. It is most likely that this manager has studied the work of ________. A) Frederick Taylor B) Edward Deming C) Max Weber D) Henri Fayol Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 27 Topic: Classical Approach

2. As she talked to another manager, Jeanna learned a view of the organization that stressed strict division of labor, formal rules and regulations, and impersonal application of those rules and regulations. This manager was a student of ________. A) the Industrial Revolution B) quantitative methods C) objectivism D) bureaucracy Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Classical Approach

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1. Paul explained that the most important thing about these studies is that they ________. A) helped employees understand their own behavior, beginning the employee empowerment movement B) stimulated interest in human behavior in organizations C) concluded that employees were no different from machines D) showed that managers had to be right in all their decisions Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 34 Topic: Behavioral Approach

The Human Side (Scenario)

As an engineer, Kevin was trained to understand the roles of machinery and hardware in enhancing organizational productivity. However, Kevin was promoted to a managerial position where his duties included supervising a department of 34 people and leading them toward completion of a new project. Ever the perfectionist, Kevin decided to enhance his understanding of the human side of business management by reading a history text on the organizational behavior approach.

1. Kevin read that ________ was an early social reformer who is remembered most for his/her courage and commitment to improving the working conditions of laborers. A) Hugo Munsterberg B) Robert Owen C) Mary Parker Follett D) Chester Barnard Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

2. Kevin also expanded his reading list to include works authored by ________, the creator of the field of industrial psychology. A) Hugo Munsterberg B) Robert Owen C) Mary Parker Follett D) Chester Barnard Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

3. Kevin was surprised to learn that using group-based projects was not a contemporary concept. In fact, ________ was an early 1900s social philosopher who thought that organizations should be based on a group ethic. A) Hugo Munsterberg B) Robert Owen C) Mary Parker Follett D) Chester Barnard Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

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1. Kevin also learned that the organizational behavior approach was not limited to academic theorists. A strong contribution to this field was made by ________, an actual manager who thought organizations were social systems that required cooperation. A) Hugo Munsterberg B) Robert Owen C) Mary Parker Follett D) Chester Barnard Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Behavioral Approach

The New Business (Scenario)

Lois has started on her own children's clothing manufacturing company. She is a bit nervous but is confident that the company will succeed. Lois plans to implement a total quality management program in her company. To launch the program, she develops a series of training workshops for her managers.

1. The first training workshop explains the background of total quality management. Which of the following quality experts is Lois most likely to include in this workshop? A) Henry Ford B) Joseph M. Juran C) Bernie Ebbers D) Jeff Bezos Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 Topic: Quantitative Approach

2. In the second workshop, Lois explains the key principles of total quality management. Which of the following is she most likely to mention? A) intense focus on the customer B) discipline of employees C) focus on work products rather than processes D) reduced attention to complaint resolution Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 Topic: Quantitative Approach

3. The third workshop is devoted to understanding how total quality management defines the term customer. This definition includes ________. A) all those who interact with the organization's products or services B) only those who purchase the organization's products or services C) suppliers and purchasers, but not company employees D) only those who register a specific complaint regarding a product or service Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 31 Topic: Quantitative Approach

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What is Taylor's scientific theory?

What did Frederick Taylor believe?

Which of the following are Taylor's Principles of Scientific Management?

What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?