With each new Congress, the Democratic and Republican Conferences elect one of their members to serve as party leader. Depending on which party is in power, one party leader serves as majority leader and the other as minority leader. Both party leaders, also called floor leaders, serve as the spokesperson for their party’s positions on the issues and coordinate their respective legislative strategies. Show
Working with the committee chairs and ranking members, the majority leader schedules business on the floor by calling bills from the calendar and keeps members of his or her caucus advised about the daily legislative program. In consultation with the minority leader, the majority leader fashions unanimous consent agreements by which the Senate may limit the amount of time for debate on a measure and divide that time between the parties. Occupying the front-row desks on the center aisle in the Senate Chamber, the leaders pay close attention to floor action. They open and close the day's proceedings, keep legislation moving, and protect the rights and interests of party members. When several senators are seeking recognition at the same time, the presiding officer of the Senate will call on the majority leader first, then on the minority leader, and then on the managers of the bill being debated. This right of first recognition enables the majority leader to offer amendments, substitutes, and motions to reconsider before any other senator. The position of party floor leader is not included in the Constitution. It evolved gradually in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The position developed separately within each of the major party conferences, with the conference chairs gradually assuming the functions associated with modern day floor leaders well before creation of the title itself. By the 1910s, both parties were electing conference chairs who acted as floor leaders, and by the 1920s, these leaders were exercising the full array of responsibilities associated with modern floor leadership. The law limits the sources and amounts of funds used to finance federal elections. Contributions are subject to the limits listed in this chart.
*Indexed for inflation in odd-numbered years. †“PAC” here refers to a committee that makes contributions to other federal political committees. Independent-expenditure-only political committees (sometimes called “Super PACs”) may accept unlimited contributions, including from corporations and labor organizations. ‡The limits in this column apply to a national party committee’s accounts for: (i) the presidential nominating convention; (ii) election recounts and contests and other legal proceedings; and (iii) national party headquarters buildings. A party’s national committee, Senate campaign committee and House campaign committee are each considered separate national party committees with separate limits. Only a national party committee, not the parties’ national congressional campaign committees, may have an account for the presidential nominating convention. **Additionally, a national party committee and its Senatorial campaign committee may contribute up to $51,200 combined per campaign to each Senate candidate. Public communicationsIndividuals and groups may support or oppose a candidate by paying for public communications (communications by means of any broadcast, cable or satellite communication, newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising facility, mass mailing or telephone bank to the general public, or any other form of general public political advertising). Communications over the internet are not considered "public communications," except for communications placed for a fee on another person’s website. Communications over the internet are discussed in the section "Using a computer for political activity." Coordinated communicationsWhen an individual or group pays for a communication that is coordinated with a campaign, a candidate, a political party committee, or with an agent of a campaign, candidate, or political party committee, the communication results in an in-kind contribution subject to limitations and prohibitions, and must display a disclaimer notice. Independent expendituresIndividuals and groups may support or oppose candidates by making independent expenditures. An independent expenditure is an expenditure for a communication that expressly advocates the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate and which is not made in coordination with any campaign, candidate, political party committee, or with an agent of any campaign, candidate, or political party committee. Independent expenditures are not subject to any contribution limits, but may be subject to reporting requirements. (The campaign of a candidate benefiting from an independent expenditure has no reporting obligation.) An independent expenditure must display a disclaimer notice. Acting as a groupA group of persons must register as a political committee within 10 days of raising or spending more than $1,000 in contributions or expenditures during a calendar year if the group’s major purpose is federal campaign activity (that is, the nomination or election of federal candidates). Groups that wish to avoid registration and disclosure should make certain that their activities do not exceed this registration threshold. VolunteeringPersonal servicesAn individual may help candidates and committees by volunteering personal services. For example, a volunteer may want to take part in a voter drive or offer skills to a political committee. Volunteer services are not considered contributions as long as the volunteer is not paid by anyone. (If services are compensated by someone other than the committee itself, the payment is considered a contribution by that person to the committee.) A volunteer may spend unlimited money for normal living expenses. Home eventsIndividuals may use their homes and personal property for activities benefiting a candidate or political party without making a contribution. For instance, an individual might want to hold a fundraising party or reception in his or her home. Costs for invitations and for food and beverages served at the event are not considered contributions if they remain under certain limits. These expenses on behalf of a candidate are limited to $1,000 per election; expenses on behalf of a political party are limited to $2,000 per year. Any amount spent in excess of the limits is a contribution to the candidate or party committee.
Corporate or union facilitiesIndividuals who are employees, stockholders or members of a corporation or labor union may use the organization's facilities — for example, the phone — in connection with personal volunteer activities, subject to the rules and practices of the organization. The activity, however, cannot prevent an employee from completing normal work, nor can it interfere with the organization's normal activity. If volunteer activity exceeds "incidental use" of the facilities — one hour a week or four hours a month — a volunteer must reimburse the corporation or union the normal rental charge within a commercially reasonable time. If a volunteer uses the organization's equipment to produce campaign materials, reimbursement is required regardless of how much time is spent. Any reimbursement for use of facilities is considered a contribution from the individual to the political committee that benefits. Using a computer for political activityAn uncompensated individual or group of individuals may engage in internet activities for the purpose of influencing a federal election without restriction. This exemption applies to individuals acting with or without the knowledge or consent of a campaign or a political party committee. Possible internet activities include, but are not limited to:
Please note that these exemptions apply regardless of whether the individual owns the computer he or she is using. Using a work computer for online political activityPersonal use of computers and internet access is allowed, subject to the employer’s rules and so long as the individual is not compensated for the activity. Sending personal emails regarding political topics or federal electionsIndividuals may send unlimited emails on any political topic without identifying who they are or whether their messages have been authorized by any party or campaign committee. Posting comments to a blog in connection with a federal electionUncompensated blogging, whether done by individuals or a group of individuals, incorporated or unincorporated, is exempt from regulation, even in those cases where a nominal fee is paid. Paying to place an ad on someone else’s websiteInternet communications placed on another person’s website for a fee are considered "general public political advertising," and are thus "public communications" under the law. As such,these payments may result in contributions or expenditures. Other regulations regarding coordinated communications and disclaimer requirements would also apply. Presidential electionsPresidential elections are subject to many of the same funding rules as House and Senate campaigns. For information on how to support a presidential candidate, see the information on this page regarding contributions, public communications and volunteering. Filing a complaintAnyone can submit a complaint if he or she believes a violation of the law has occurred or is about to occur. The requirements for submitting a complaint are set by law. Continue learning
What is the role of the party caucus?Members of each major party convene in private meetings known as party conferences (or party caucuses) to elect floor leaders, make committee assignments, and set legislative agendas.
What are three responsibilities of political parties quizlet?What are the roles/functions of political parties? Nominate candidates, rally their supporters, participate in government, act as a "bonding agent" for their own officeholders, and act as a watchdog over the other party.
What is the caucus/convention process quizlet?The Caucus-Convention Process. In those States that do not hold presidential primaries, delegates to the national conventions are chosen in a system of caucuses and conventions. national convention. is the meeting at which delegates vote to pick their presidential and vice-presidential candidates. platform.
What are the roles of parties in Congress?A political party is made up of individuals who organize to win elections, operate government, and influence public policy. The Democratic and Republican parties are currently the primary parties in Congress.
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All of the following tasks are under the responsibility of the party caucus or conference EXCEPT
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