How did different ideologies contribute to the development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900?

• ​​Explain how ideologies contributed to the development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900.
• ​​​Compare processes by which state power shifted in various parts of the world from 1750 to 1900.
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• ​​​Explain how and why internal and external factors have influenced the process of state building from 1750 to 1900.
• ​​​​Explain the causes and effects of economic strategies of different states and empires.
• Explain how various environmental and economic factors contributed to the development of the global economy from 1750 to 1900.​
• ​​​Explain how various environmental and economic factors contributed to the development of varied patterns of migration from 1750 to 1900.
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• ​​​Explain how and why new patterns of migration affected society from 1750 to 1900.

The British Empire was the global hegemonic power during Queen Victoria's reign (1837-1901).

How colonial powers presented people in 'human zoos'

John Bull (Great Britain) and Uncle Sam (U.S.) bear "The White Man's Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling)", by lifting non-Western peoples upward towards civilization. (Victor Gillam, Judge magazine, 1 April 1899)

• ​​​Some states with existing colonies strengthened their control over those colonies and in some cases assumed direct control over colonies previously held by non-state entities.
• European states as well as the United States and Japan acquired territories throughout Asia and the Pacific, while Spanish and Portuguese influence declined.
• Many European states used both warfare and diplomacy to expand their empires in Africa.
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• Trade in some commodities was organized in a way that gave merchants and companies based in Europe and the U.S. a distinct economic advantage.
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• ​​The need for raw materials for factories and increased food supplies for the growing population in urban centers led to the growth of export economies around the world that specialized in commercial extraction of natural resources and the production of food and industrial crops. The profits from these raw materials were used to purchase finished goods.
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• ​​​Increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism contributed to anti-colonial movements.
• Anti-imperial resistance took various forms, including direct resistance within empires and the creation of new states on the peripheries.
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• Increasing discontent with imperial rule led to rebellions, some of which were influenced by religious ideas.

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, c. 1900

Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1910

European immigrants to the United States at Ellis Island, c. 1900

• As new methods of industrial production became more common in parts of northwestern Europe, they spread to other parts of Europe and the United States, Russia, and Japan.
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• The expansion of U.S. and European influence in Asia led to internal reform in Japan that supported industrialization and led to the growing regional power of Japan in the Meiji Era.
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• In response to the expansion of industrializing states, some governments in Asia and Africa, including the Ottoman Empire and Qing China, sought to reform and modernize their economies and militaries. Reform efforts were often resisted by some members of government or established elite groups.

In 1909-1912, Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii took color photographs of the Russian Empire on the eve of World War I. His subjects ranged from the medieval churches and monasteries of old Russia, to the railroads and factories of an emerging industrial power, to the daily life and work of Russia's diverse population.

illustration of the Boxer Rebellion

street scene in Meiji era Japan

1750-1900 CE: Global Empires

What ideologies contributed to imperialism?

What economic factors contributed to imperialism in the global economy between 1750 and 1900?

How did ideological drive imperialism?

What were the effects of imperialism from 1750 to 1900?