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Terms in this set (46)LO1 What is the extent to which people would become human beings without adequate socialization? Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals acquire their self-identity and learn the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society. The kind of person we become depends greatly on what we learn during our formative years from our surrounding social groups and social environment. Social contact is essential in developing a self, or self-concept, which represents an individual's perceptions and feelings of being a distinct or separate person. Much of what we think about ourselves is gained from our interactions with others and from what we perceive that others think of us. LO2 What is the sociological perspective on human development? According to Charles Horton Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self, we develop a self-concept as we see ourselves through the perceptions of others. Our initial sense of self is typically based on how our families perceive and treat us. George Herbert Mead suggested that we develop a self-concept through role-taking and learning the rules of social interaction. According to Mead, the self is divided into the "I" and the "me." The "I" represents the spontaneous and unique traits of each person. The "me" represents the internalized attitudes and demands of other members of society. LO3 How do the functionalist and conflict theorists' perspectives differ on the roles that families play in the socialization process? Theorists using a functionalist perspective emphasize that families serve important functions in society because they are the primary locus for the socialization of children. The family influences an emerging sense of self and the acquisition of beliefs and values. Families are also the primary source of emotional support. Ideally, people receive love, understanding, security, acceptance, intimacy, and companionship within families. On the other hand, conflict theorists stress that socialization contributes to false consciousness—a lack of awareness and a distorted perception of the reality of class as it affects all aspects of social life. As a result, socialization reaffirms and reproduces the class structure in the next generation rather than challenging the conditions that presently exist. LO4 How do schools socialize children in both formal and informal ways? Schools continue to play an enormous role in the socialization of young people. Schools primarily teach knowledge and skills but also have a profound influence on the self-image, beliefs, and values of children. LO5 What role do peer groups and media play in socialization now, and what role might these agents play in the future? Peer groups contribute to our sense of belonging and self-worth, and are a key source of information about acceptable behavior. Peer groups simultaneously reflect the larger culture and serve as a conduit for passing on culture to
young people. The media function as socializing agents by LO6 What are ways in which gender socialization and racial-ethnic socialization occur? Through the process of gender socialization, we learn about what attitudes and behaviors are considered to be appropriate for girls and boys, men and women, in a particular society. One of the primary agents of gender socialization is the family. Racial socialization includes direct statements regarding race, modeling behavior, and indirect activities such as exposure to an environment that conveys a specific message about a racial or ethnic group. LO7 What are the stages in the life course, and why is the process of socialization important in each stage? Socialization is ongoing throughout the life course—from childhood to adolescence to adulthood and old age. We learn knowledge and skills for future roles through anticipatory socialization. Throughout childhood, we are socialized by our parents, schools, peers, and other groups. Workplace (occupational) socialization is one of the most important types of early adult socialization. LO8 What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary resocialization? Resocialization is the process of learning new attitudes, values, and behaviors, either voluntarily or involuntarily. Resocialization is voluntary when we assume a new status (such as becoming a student) of our own free will. Involuntary resocialization occurs against a person's wishes and generally takes place within a total institution, such as a jail or prison. ageism prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly against older persons. agents of socialization the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society. anticipatory socialization the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles. ego Sigmund Freud's term for the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of the id. gender socialization the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society. generalized other George Herbert Mead's term for the child's awareness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the child's subculture. id Sigmund Freud's term for the component of personality that includes all of the individual's basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification. looking-glass self Charles Horton Cooley's term for the way in which a person's sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others. mass media large-scale organizations that use print or electronic means (such as radio, television, film, and the Internet) to communicate with large numbers of people. peer group a group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and (usually) similar age.
primary socialization the process of learning that begins at birth and occurs in the home and family. racial socialization the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of our racial or ethnic status as it relates to our identity, interpersonal relationships, and location in the social hierarchy. reciprocal socialization the process by which the feelings, thoughts, appearance, and behavior of individuals who are undergoing socialization also have a direct influence on those agents of socialization who are attempting to influence them. resocialization the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience. role-taking the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group in order to understand the world from that person's or group's point of view. secondary socialization the process of learning that takes place outside the home—in settings such as schools, religious organizations, and the workplace—and helps individuals learn how to act in appropriate ways in various situations. self-concept the totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves. significant others those persons whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important in the development of the self. social devaluation a situation in which a person or group is considered to have less social value than other individuals or groups. socialization the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society. sociobiology the systematic study of "social behavior from a biological perspective." superego Sigmund Freud's term for the conscience, consisting of the moral and ethical aspects of personality. tertiary socialization the process of learning that takes place when adults move into new settings where they must accept certain ideas or engage in specific behaviors that are appropriate to that specific setting. total institution Erving Goffman's term for a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution. (QUESTIONS FOR CRITICAL THINKING) Consider the concept of the looking-glass self. How do you think others perceive you? Do you think most people perceive you correctly? ... (QUESTIONS FOR CRITICAL THINKING) What are your "I" traits? What are your "me" traits? Which ones are stronger? ... (QUESTIONS FOR CRITICAL THINKING) What are some different ways that you might study the effect of toys on the socialization of children? How could you isolate the toy variable from other variables that influence children's socialization? ... (QUESTIONS FOR CRITICAL THINKING) How is socialization different in the digital age? Do you believe that a distinction can be made between "digital natives" and "digital immigrants"? Why or why not? ... According to Sigmund Freud, __________ is the component of personality that includes all of the individual's basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification. id According to Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, there are _____ stages of cognitive development. four According to Charles Horton Cooley, _____ refers to the way in which a person's sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others. looking-glass self According to George Herbert Mead, __________ refers to the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group to understand the world from that person's or group's point of view. role-taking Sociologists argue that the __________ is the most important agent of socialization in all societies. family Some conflict theorists investigated the __________ taught in low-income elementary schools. Their work emphasized that children in these environments learn to follow rules and are taught to know their place instead of being socialized for their own well-being. hidden curriculum A ________ is a group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and (usually) similar age. peer group Which of these factors does not usually impact or contribute to gender socialization? isolation
Each time we experience a change in status (such as becoming a college student or getting married), we learn a new set of rules, roles, and relationships. Even before we achieve a new status, we often participate in ________ socialization, which is the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles. anticipatory The term used to describe the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience is resocialization. Sets with similar termsChapter 4 Review8 terms Amari_Moody6 Sociology Chapter 317 terms mariedemuth chapter 4 socialization18 terms kmarie133 Sociology: chapter 335 terms maryhannahplumlee Sets found in the same folderChapter 1: Sociological Perspective17 terms diane_xx Sociology Chapter 3: Culture51 terms lpham18 Sociology ch.1113 terms priscilla_wilson Ch 1, The Sociological Perspective36 terms jwesterman Other sets by this creatorSociology Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations45 terms lpham18 Sociology Chapter 5: Social Structure and Interact…61 terms lpham18 Sociology Chapter 2: Sociological Research Methods44 terms lpham18 Sociology Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective44 terms lpham18 Verified questions
SOCIOLOGY List the major characteristics of bureaucracy, according to Max Weber. Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY Select two early sociologists discussed and construct a dialogue between them about the current social Issue of homelessness. Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY In this chapter you read about formal groups. As people join these groups freely, volunteer groups might provide a strong measure of personal identity and cultural trends. Study the statistics in this table. Then write two hypotheses that could be tested by research, including survey research. For example you might hypothesize that social service volunteering dips when people are in their mid-30s and 40s because people are building careen and rearing children. $$ \begin{matrix} \text{Organization Type} & \text{16-24 years} & \text{25-34 years} & \text{35-44 years} & \text{45-54 years} & \text{55-64 years} & \text{65 and above}\\ \text{Civic & Political} & \text{5.5} & \text{5.5} & \text{5.3} & \text{8.1} & \text{9.3} & \text{8.7}\\ \text{Educational & Youth} & \text{32.4} & \text{34.1} & \text{39.8} & \text{26.0} & \text{13.2} & \text{6.4}\\ \text{Environment & Animal care} & \text{1.5} & \text{24.} & \text{1.4} & \text{1.5} & \text{2.0} & \text{1.4}\\ \text{Hospital & Health} & \text{8.6} & \text{6.4} & \text{55} & \text{6.9} & \text{8.9} & \text{10.9}\\ \text{Public Safety} & \text{1.7} & \text{2.2} & \text{1.4} & \text{1.4} & \text{1.5} & \text{1.1}\\ \text{Religious } & \text{28.5} & \text{30.4} & \text{30.5} & \text{35.3} & \text{39.6} & \text{45.2}\\ \text{Social Service} & \text{13.0} & \text{11.1} & \text{9.0} & \text{12.3} & \text{15.0} & \text{16.9}\\ \text{Sport / Hoby} & \text{3.4} & \text{2.8} & \text{3.4} & \text{4.2} & \text{4.3} & \text{3.6}\\ \text{Other} & \text{4.9} & \text{5.2} & \text{3.8} & \text{4.2} & \text{6.1} & \text{5.9}\\ \end{matrix} $$ Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it A) is based on naturalistic observation. B) may be unrepresentative of what is generally true. C) overestimates the importance of operational definitions. D) leads us to underestimate the causal relationships between events Verified answer Other Quizlet setsUnit 3 Rehab Anatomy295 terms Aisha_QaderPLUS WC Test #10- French Revolution and Napol…69 terms Quinn_Duggan Antifungal Agents11 terms Keith_428PLUS Intro Psych Test #251 terms Jadietz Related questionsQUESTION In American society, the prohibition against incest is an example of a(n)... 3 answers QUESTION Which companies in the US are paying millions of dollars in penalties to each US state? 3 answers QUESTION Inequality between the sexes in modern industrial societies is less than it has ever been before in human societies. True/False 7 answers QUESTION Describe an aggregate and a category 6 answers Which of the following is usually the most important agent of gender socialization?The family is the most important agent of socialization because it serves as the center of the child's life. The division of labor between men and women contributes to the creation of gender roles, which in turn, lead to gender-specific social behavior.
Which of the following is an example of gender socialization in schools quizlet?Which of the following is an example of gender role socialization in schools? Girls tend to earn higher grades than boys in elementary school, but their achievements are often discounted.
Which of the following agents of socialization are the first to teach children about appropriate gender roles?Family is the first and most influential agent of socialization. The gender roles that a child learns here set the tone for the child later on through life and make it increasingly difficult for a child to later change their thought process.
What are the major agents of socialization that enforce gender roles quizlet?Gender socialization occurs through four major agents of socialization: family, education, peer groups, and mass media. Each agent reinforces gender roles by creating and maintaining normative expectations for gender-specific behavior.
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Which of these factors does not usually impact or contribute to gender socialization Quizlet
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