According to Mills... Show
Social Problem: is a social condition or pattern of behavior that has negative consequences for individuals, our social world, or our physical world (According to Ballantine and Roberts) A culture includes: Social structures that bring order to our lives: Social Networks the ties between people, groups, and organizations Society a large group of people who live in the same area and participate in a common culture Sociology (19th Century) - the study of societies and the social worlds that individuals inhabit within
them Sociological Imagination -
the capacity to think systematically about how things we experience as personal/social issues Sociologist C. Wright Mills (1916-1962) - coined the term sociological imagination Stereotype - making faulty generalizations about individuals based on what we think we know about the groups they are members of (Commonsense) Aphorisms - short phrases stating a truth or opinion - ex: "look before you leap" Poverty - social issue
Richard Arum: The Sociology Project - current research project (Maria and Robert) Employment Status of Recent College Graduates - 22% not working Student Debt (1996-2014) - student loans rose to $24,950
Sociologists - ask "How and in what ways do social contexts matter?" Which of the following statements best describes why a sociological imagination is important for understanding society? a) The sociological imagination allows us to think about the social consequences of social issues. b) The sociological imagination gives us the creativity to examine whether personal problems are real or fake. c) Only when we develop this ability can we start to see how larger issues in society relate to personal problems. d) The sociological imagination allows us to refine our emotional biases in research settings. c) Only when we develop this ability can we start to see how larger issues in society relate to personal problems. Which of the following best describes how people commonly develop stereotypes? a) A person assumes that the characteristics of one group are also the characteristics of another group. b) One person believes another person possesses a given characteristic because he or she has spent a long time getting to know the person. c) A person perceives that a group is distinct because of a certain characteristic, then assumes that an individual from that group must have that characteristic. d) A person believes that a group has a particular characteristic based on recent sociological research. c) A person perceives that a group is distinct because of a certain characteristic, then assumes that an individual from that group must have that characteristic. Sociologists can ask a broad array of questions. Which of the following best identifies what these sociological questions all have in common? a) All sociological questions ask about the effects of society on families. b) Sociological questions consider how social contexts matter. c) Sociological questions are not about things that are obvious, but about only things that people disagree on. d) Sociological questions rely on commonsense aphorisms. b) Sociological questions consider how social contexts matter. Sociologist C. Wright Mills suggested that the sociological imagination is a concept that lets us think systematically about the relationship between the personal and the social. Using your sociological imagination, how might the personal problem of unemployment be tied to greater social issues? a) A person will face unemployment if he or she is not sufficiently motivated to work. b) A person will face unemployment if he or she is not willing to put in extended hours. c) A person will face unemployment if he or she has mental health issues that make the person a poor worker. d) A person will face unemployment due to a recession that resulted in fewer available job openings for job seekers. d) A person will face unemployment due to a recession that resulted in fewer available job openings for job seekers. A student notices that very few women in his university are studying to become engineers. What sort of sociological question could be based on this observation? a) Is there a neurological pathway in the female brain that causes women to avoid studying engineering? b) Why are women biologically unequipped to compete with men in engineering? c) Despite the fact that many people say women can succeed in any field they choose, why are men logical thinkers, as opposed to women, who are emotional thinkers? d) Despite the fact that many people say women can succeed in any field they choose, are there invisible barriers in higher education that prevent women from studying engineering? d) Despite the fact that many people say women can succeed in any field they choose, are there invisible barriers in higher education that prevent women from studying engineering? Social Context - the social environments, including economic and cultural conditions, that influence people's lives. - ex: the child's immediate family; their parents' education level, wealth,
and income Pat Sharkey - NYU Sociologist Identities - the conceptions we and others have about who we are and what groups or categories we are members of - fact: today, members of dominant racial and ethnic groups have more opportunities and collect more rewards than members of other groups Key Components of Social World - social interaction Social Interaction - the way people act together (including how they modify and alter their behavior in response to the presence of others) Norms - basic rules of society that help us know what is and is not appropriate to do in any
situation Social Structure - describe the many diverse ways in which the rules and norms of everyday life become enduring patterns that shape and govern social interactions Critical Components of Social Structures - roles/social hierarchy Social Hierarchy - a set of important/enduring social positions that often grant some individuals and groups higher status and more power than others - ex: child defer to
parent Institutions - longstanding and important practices - organizations that regulate those practices - provide the framework for interaction to occur Race, gender, and religion are all examples of __________. a) our physiology b) a thought experiment c) identities d) our biology c) identities Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between norms and whether an individual "fits in" to society? a) Norms are the result of a psychological process and regulate whether we feel we "fit in." b) Norms regularly challenge social hierarchies and disrupt the ability of people with high-status positions from "fitting in" at their high-status jobs. c) Norms derive from hormones and regulate whether we feel we "fit in." d) Norms are the rules about what is and isn't acceptable by our community and must be followed to "fit in." d) Norms are the rules about what is and isn't acceptable by our community and must be followed to "fit in." What do synagogues, political organizations, and schools have in common? a) Sociologist C. Wright Mills referred to these three organizations as the holy trinity of sociological observation. b) They are all types of organizations that sociologists refuse to examine or write about. c) They are all contexts where people might gain special opportunities. d) They are all social structures that have no bearing on our development. c) They are all contexts where people might gain special opportunities. Which of the following best describes what it means to connect individual biographies to history? a) Connecting biography to history means understanding how an individual's problem is really a social problem affecting many individuals. b) Connecting biography to history means understanding how biographers have systematically altered our understanding of history. c) Connecting biography to history means understanding how history can be understood by analyzing biology. d) Connecting biography to history means understanding how sociology was created by historians. a) Connecting biography to history means understanding how an individual's problem is really a social problem affecting many individuals. Edward is introduced to Jessah and intends to kiss her cheek in greeting. Inadvertently, he ends up kissing her on the lips. Both Edward and Jessah laugh and feel embarrassed by this mistake. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on this scenario? a) Edward and Jessah inadvertently established a new social hierarchy. b) Edward's mistake was a violation of social norms. c) Edward accidentally created a new norm. d) Edward likely created a new set of rules. b) Edward's mistake was a violation of social norms. Auguste Comte (1798-1857) - French philosopher - envisioned: Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) - father of sociology Max Weber (1864-1920) - created an influential journal (Archives for
Social Science and Social Welfare) First Sociology Department in America (1895) Sociology Department at the University of Chicago Industrialization (1800s) - growth of factories and large-scale goods production Urbanization - growth of cities Urban Areas - population density of at least 1,000 ppl/sq. mi. Interdisciplinary Research - a method of research that integrates ideas, theories, and data from different academic fields - fact: sociologists may need to know something about the research and theories developed by economists, political scientists, psychologists, or anthropologists In the late 1800s, the United States went through a period of __________, which refers to a pronounced growth in factories and cities. a) industrialization b) socialization c) social interaction d) economic depression a) industrialization The field of sociology has spawned other areas of study. Which of the following is an area of study spawned by sociology? a) genetics b) history c) gender studies d) psychology c) gender studies Relative to other disciplines, such as economics and political science, sociology __________ engage(s) in interdisciplinary research. a) actively opposes efforts to b) always c) is the most likely discipline to d) is the least likely discipline to c) is the most likely discipline to Who coined the term "sociology"? a) Emile Durkheim b) Auguste Comte c) John Commons d) Karl Marx b) Auguste Comte Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between sociology and different units of analysis? a) Sociological explanations of how the world shapes people's behavior often take into account different units of analysis. b) For sociologists, the unit of analysis is always the individual. c) Sociological explanations of how the world shapes people's behavior only take two different units of analysis into account. d) The unit of analysis is a reference to the metric units employed in sociological studies, which sociologists routinely use to conform to the standards of their European colleagues. c) Sociological explanations of how the world shapes people's behavior only take two different units of analysis into account. Tam is able to attend a highly competitive college because his parents have enough income to pay the tuition. Lai is only able to attend night classes at a less competitive college because she has to work during the day to pay tuition. Which statement best describes how the notion of a "social context" can be used to describe this scenario? a) Lai is experiencing a social context, but Tam is not. b) Lai's and Tam's educational experiences are not related to the notion of a social context, and they will only begin experiencing a social context after their formal education. c) Tam and Lai are experiencing different social contexts, which will likely have an impact on the type of opportunities each encounters in life. d) Tam and Lai are experiencing the same social context. c) Tam and Lai are experiencing different social contexts, which will likely have an impact on the type of opportunities each encounters in life. Which of the following statements best describes how roles are related to social institutions? a) Roles are produced by the psychological processes of individuals, which then produce institutions. b) Institutions can only exist if individuals disregard the social hierarchy of roles. c) A role is a position within an institution or organization that comes with specific social expectations for how to behave and be treated. d) Roles are institutions, which individuals must always occupy. c) A role is a position within an institution or organization that comes with specific social expectations for how to behave and be treated. Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between sociology and other social science disciplines? a) Sociological findings have not had a great impact on other social science disciplines. b) Sociology has been entirely ostracized by other disciplines, including psychology and economics. c) Sociology has given birth to a number of other disciplines, including African American studies, gender studies, demography, and criminology. d) Sociology has a track record of insulating itself from other disciplines, such as psychology and economics. c) Sociology has given birth to a number of other disciplines, including African American studies, gender studies, demography, and criminology.
Which of the following best explains the relationship between a sociological imagination and stereotypes? a) Social stereotypes are the building blocks of social roles, and social roles are the building blocks of a sociological imagination. b) A sociological imagination challenges stereotypes by raising questions about where they come from. c) Sociological imagination is another word for stereotype. d) A sociological imagination helps us see the value in stereotypes as they dictate social norms. b) A sociological imagination challenges stereotypes by raising questions about where they come from. A good sociological question does not simply rely on stereotypes. Which of the following is a good sociological question? a) Do successful women have more tenacity than unsuccessful women? b) Does being born into poverty increase the chances that a person will stay in poverty? c) Why are people who are on welfare so lazy? d) Do higher-income people work harder at their jobs? b) Does being born into poverty increase the chances that a person will stay in poverty? A parent tells a child he is not supposed to eat food off the ground. This rule is an example of __________. a) prejudice b) a norm c) status training d) a role b) a norm Family, marriage, education, government, and religion are all examples of __________. a) social networks b) social institutions c) subcultures d) prejudices b) social institutions Which of the following scenarios describes how a person's identity might have an impact on his or her opportunities in life? a) Jared seems to have a natural ability to excel in statistics and, true to form, by the end of the semester, he receives the highest grade in his statistics class. b) Shelly notices that her classmates are less likely to question male professors than female professors. She wonders whether the relative lack of criticism for male professors means male professors in the university will be more successful than their female colleagues. c) Rob had an accident at work and now experiences chronic back pain, which limits his freedom of movement. d) Carl has always had an exceptional ability to make small talk with random people. One day, after having a nice conversation with a stranger on a train, Carl was surprised when the stranger offered him a job. b) Shelly notices that her classmates are less likely to question male professors than female professors. She wonders whether the relative lack of criticism for male professors means male professors in the university will be more successful than their female colleagues. Baby Alyssa is born in a hospital with a lot of resources, staff, and modern equipment. Baby Brandi is born in a hospital with older equipment, few staff, and little resources. Which statement best describes this scenario? a) The two babies occupy similar positions in the social hierarchy and will therefore develop in a nearly identical manner. b) The two babies are born into different social contexts, which will have an impact on their social development. c) Alyssa and Brandi will receive the same level of care because hospitals, no matter where they are located, belong to the same social institution. d) The two babies are born into different social contexts, but studies show that the social development of children is not impacted by institutions such as the health care system. b) The two babies are born into different social contexts, which will have an impact on their social development. How did urbanization lead to the development of sociology? a) Urbanization caused sociologists to move their practices from the countryside to the city. b) Urbanization led to the creation of biology as a science, and a small group of biologists created sociology. c) Urbanization led to the Great Depression, and sociology was originally developed to study the Great Depression. d) Urbanization caused various social problems, such as growing levels of poverty, and governments and scholars wanted to understand these problems. d) Urbanization caused various social problems, such as growing levels of poverty, and governments and scholars wanted to understand these problems. The social sciences were first founded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Why was this the case? a) People first started to have questions about society during that period because they had more leisure time. b) Sociology was going through a process of "spinning off" new social science disciplines, such as African American studies. c) Western societies were undergoing a period of great continuity, and the social sciences were founded in order to understand why. d) Rapid industrialization and urbanization of the time resulted in the need to study society and its groups. The social sciences formed to address this need. d) Rapid industrialization and urbanization of the time resulted in the need to study society and its groups. The social sciences formed to address this need. Which of the following is an example of a stereotype? a) Women should be paid the same as men. b) More people are unemployed this year compared with last year. c) Keri is spoiled because she came from a wealthy family. d) Children with poor nutrition tend to score lower in school. c) Keri is spoiled because she came from a wealthy family. Which of the following is the best definition of the term "institution"? a) Institutions are groups and organizations that can only be called upon during desperate times. b) Institutions refer to important architectural structures, including ones that are unoccupied. c) Institutions are important sets of practices that society has followed for a long time. d) Institutions are unique types of organizations that seek to destroy societies. c) Institutions are important sets of practices that society has followed for a long time. Forming a good sociological question requires that we learn not to take __________ for granted. a) book knowledge b) data c) stereotypes and commonsense d) the knowledge of economists c) stereotypes and commonsense A teenager notices that his new employer likes to boast that no matter the background and identity of new applicants, she always gives people equal consideration when it comes to hiring. What sort of sociological question could be based on this teenager's observations? a) Do employers like this one actually give people equal consideration, or do they just say they do? b) Given that employers do not discriminate, how do job seekers so often screw up their chances to get hired? c) Does the type of font used on a resume have an impact on whether a person gets hired? d) Which of the important skills I listed on my resume made the biggest impression on my employer? a) Do employers like this one actually give people equal consideration, or do they just say they do? How does sociological imagination help us understand social problems?In summary, sociological imagination is an ability to see the context which shapes your individual decision making, as well as the decisions made by others. But the reason why it's useful is because it allows us to better identify and question various aspects of society, as opposed to passively living within it.
What does the sociological imagination help us understand quizlet?C. Wright Mills defined the sociological imagination as the ability to see the impact of social forces on individuals' public and private lives. He believed we need to overcome our limited perspective to understand the larger meaning of our experiences.
How does the sociological imagination help people to understand the effects of society on their personal lives quizlet?The sociological imagination allows us to think about the social consequences of social issues. Only when we develop this ability can we start to see how larger issues in society relate to personal problems. The sociological imagination allows us to refine our emotional biases in research settings.
What is the sociological imagination quizlet the ability to understand?The sociological imagination is a concept used by the American sociologist C. Wright Mills to describe the ability to "think yourself away from the familiar routines of everyday life" and look at them from an entirely new perspective.
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How does the sociological imagination help us understand social problems quizlet?
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