The extent to which individuals can move out of the social strata into which they are born.

Chapter 4 Differences in Culture

TRUE/FALSE

1) In today's world of global communications, rapid transportation, and global markets,

cultural differences have ceased to exist. FALSE

2) Norms are abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable.

FALSE

3) Folkways include rituals and symbolic behavior. TRUE

4) Upon meeting a foreign business executive, a Japanese executive will hold his business

card in both hands and bow while presenting the card to the foreigner. This is an example of

ritual behavior. TRUE

5) The term social strata refers to the extent to which individuals can move out of the strata

into which they were born. FALSE

6) Education plays an important role, from an international business perspective, as a

determinant of national competitive advantage. TRUE

7) Both Hindus and Buddhists stress the afterlife and spiritual achievement rather than

involvement in this world. TRUE

8) Islam is a polytheistic religion, like Christianity and Judaism. FALSE

9) A caste system is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined

by the family into which the person is born. TRUE

10) A class system is a rigid form of social stratification in which the position a person has

by birth cannot be changed through his or her own achievements or luck. FALSE

11) An antagonistic relationship between management and labor classes may result in lower

costs of production. FALSE

12) Max Weber believed that Protestantism encouraged capitalism's development by

emphasizing the importance of wealth creation and frugality. TRUE

13) Individualism has led to a high degree of managerial mobility between companies

resulting in managers who have good general skills but lack company-specific experience.

TRUE

14) In countries where the value of group identification is considered to be primary,

managers and workers are discouraged from moving from company to company. TRUE

15) The mudarabah contract is the most widely used Islamic banking method, because it is

the easiest to implement. FALSE

16) Max Weber believed that devout Hindus would be less likely to engage in

entrepreneurial activity than devout Protestants. TRUE

17) Guanxi is an important mechanism for building long-term business relationships and

getting business done in China. TRUE

18) Hofstede's study found that in masculine cultures, sex roles were less sharply

distinguished, and little differentiation was made between men and women in the same job.

FALSE

19) Hofstede's research has been criticized because it was culturally bound. TRUE

20) Hofstede's concept of power distance focused on the extent to which different cultures

socialized their members into tolerating uncertainty. FALSE

21) According to Hofstede, the concept of Confucian dynamism captures attitudes toward

time, persistence, protection of face, and respect for tradition. TRUE

22) The convergence hypothesis states that there is a slow but steady merging occurring

across different cultures toward some universally accepted values and norms. TRUE

23) International businesses that are ill-informed about the practices of another culture are

likely to fail. TRUE

24) The value systems and norms of a country are unrelated to the costs of doing business in

that country. FALSE

25) Because of its individualistic mind-set, Japanese culture is more supportive of

entrepreneurial activities than American culture. FALSE

MULTIPLE CHOICES

26) Culture is

A) static.

B) not static.

C) unchanging.

D) abstract.

27) The term ________ refers to a group of people sharing a common set of values and

norms.

A) mores

B) society

C) culture

D) folkway

28) Cross-cultural literacy refers to

A) an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social

group.

B) the phenomenon of merging and converging cultures.

C) abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable.

D) an understanding of how cultural differences can affect business.

29) ________ include such factors as indictments against theft, adultery, incest, and

cannibalism.

A) Norms

B) Folkways

C) Mores

D) Values

30) ________ is/are best defined as shared assumptions about how things ought to be.

A) Norms

B) Values

C) Society

D) Culture

31) The system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when

taken together constitute a design for living best defines

A) society.

B) value systems.

C) principles.

D) culture.

32) Social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations

are best described as

A) norms.

B) values.

C) culture.

D) society.

33) People who share a common set of values and norms form a

A) culture.

B) society.

C) country.

D) caste.

34) Even if a ________ can be characterized as having a single homogeneous culture, often

that national culture is a mosaic of subcultures.

A) culture.

B) country.

C) society.

D) norm.

35) ________ are the routine conventions of everyday life.

A) Folkways

B) Mores

C) Rites

D) Beliefs

36) When Jana visits her mother, she takes great pains to watch her language and use good

manners because that is what her mother expects of her. This demonstrates the concept of

A) folkways.

B) mores.

C) rites.

D) beliefs.

37) The term ________ also means culture.

A) folkway

B) society

C) country

D) norm

38) ________ are social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code in

a particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, neighborly

behavior, and the like.

A) Values

B) Beliefs

C) Mores

D) Folkways

39) An act as simple as shaking hands when meeting new people is an example of

A) values.

B) symbolic behavior.

C) mores.

D) social stratification.

40) A Japanese executive's ritual of presenting a business card to a foreign business

executive is an example of

A) mores.

B) a values.

C) an attitudes.

D) a folkways.

41) Mores are

A) the norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and its social life.

B) the routine conventions of everyday life.

C) abstract ideas about what a group believes to be right, good, and desirable.

D) the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations.

42) Brad has been in trouble his whole life. He stole from the local hardware store when he

was 12, and as an adult he didn't feel the need to be faithful to his wife. Brad is guilty of

violating

A) mores.B) folkways.

C) ethics.D) values.

43) ________ are typically defined on the basis of characteristics such as family

background, occupation, and income.

A) Social strata

B) Norms

C) Social structure

D) Groups

44) A major difference between Buddhism and Hinduism is that unlike Hinduism, Buddhism

A) does not support the caste system.

B) emphasizes wealth creation.

C) promotes blind loyalty to employers.

D) supports extreme ascetic behavior.

45) A ________ is an association of two or more individuals who have a shared sense of

identity and who interact with each other in structured ways on the basis of a common set of

expectations about each other's behavior.

A) societyB) collective

C) social strataD) group

46) A society's social structure refers to its

Which of the following is a closed system of stratification in which social position quizlet?

What is the economic system of social stratification quizlet?

Has important implications for the choice of countries in which to locate production facilities and do business?

Which one of the following would be an example of vertical mobility?