The process by which candidates are evaluated to determine their readiness to enter the profession

Had we been gifted with clairvoyant abilities to read human minds, hiring would have been so much simpler. But obviously, that seems far-fetched. Had it been easy, recruiters would have easily found solutions to issues such as assessing job candidates’ knowledge, whether they are honest about their resumes and are aligned with the organizational goals. They cannot be sure whether the eagerness to be a part of the organization is genuine or a guise.

There is a surge in demand for tech talent. However, HR professionals entrusted with recruiting technical staff face various challenges in conducting technical recruiting. They must identify eligible candidates, plod through extensive, tech acronyms-laden CVs to churn out relevant information and, during interviews, decode what may be gobbledygook.

Skilled tech workers are available in large numbers. But it’s important to find the balance between a role’s requirements and the candidate’s technical skills. Else, companies may end up spending inordinate sums to pull in candidates for roles that do not match their skills and competencies. Thankfully, automated, structured frameworks, known as technical tests, enable overcoming recruiters’ challenges.

What Is a Technical Test?

A technical test, also known as a role-based test or domain test, is an assessment to understand candidates’ technical abilities, including their skill sets and responses to specific technical problems. It is a technical skills evaluation of prospective hires, which involves evaluating their domain expertise and job knowledge to determine their suitability for specific roles. The technical assessment test aims to measure one’s proficiency at various technical skills, such as coding assessments, sales and marketing assessments, accounting and finance assessments, etc.

”A technical test is a process in which we provide questions or challenges to candidates who either respond to questions or complete the technical challenge so that we can determine if they are suitable for given job opportunities. These can be anywhere from multiple-choice tests to a challenge where the student posts a repository (e.g., in GitHub) of a project where we can see how they solved a problem”, explains Charles Edge, CTO (Chief Technology Officer), Bootstrappers.mn.

Dan Bailey, President, WikiLawn Austin Lawn Care, echoes this sentiment and asserts, ”We use technical tests as part of the hiring process for jobs that require programming or development, but we have also used it to hire content writers and social media experts. Technical tests can give you a quick overview of someone’s skill level. Sometimes applicants will apply to jobs they are not exactly qualified for. You can never tell from someone’s education or even their experience just how good they are at their job. These tests seek to gather more data on that subject objectively.”

A surefire way to determine if someone is the right choice for a job is to see him/her perform the related duties. That is why technical assessments are deemed ideal to evaluate candidates’ suitability. However, technical assessments are not the only decisive factor in ascertaining a person’s suitability for a given position. One must equally consider technical aptitude to evaluate objectively and comprehensively.

Now comes the question: what is technical aptitude?

Well, technical aptitude is not a buzzword to be bandied about; it establishes and outlines a person’s technical abilities. In general, the term ”technical aptitude” refers to a person’s inherent technical intelligence and creativity, which finds expression through proper training in various technical fields. However, many researchers believe that a person’s technical aptitude is influenced by both hereditary and environmental factors. ‘Hereditary’ can significantly impact an individual’s potential, and the environment can give expression to it.

It is a unique combination of technical abilities and personality traits, which makes a person inclined to do a specific technical task better than a non-technical individual and increases his/her chances of success. Learning, practice or other experiences can help maximize the development of this inherent technical ability. Technical aptitude can also be characterized by the following traits: intellectual ability, spatial thinking, technical intelligence, motivation, desire, dexterity and technical creativity.

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Ethics

Question	Answer
Summarize John Locke's explanation why there is a natural right to property	John Locke hols that when people remove something from Nature through their own labor, they have mixed their labor with it, and therefore they have a property right in that object.
What paradoxes arise when we attempt to extend a natural right to property into the realm of intellectual property?	2people cannot claim full rights to that same property. Copying an intellectual property is dif from stealing a physical prop. Perfect copies.When this happens the original owner has lost exclusive control over use of the property
What referring to copyrighted materials, what is meant by the term "fair use"	Fair use refers to those circumstances under which it is legal to reproduce a copyrighted work without permission
When describing a software license, what does the phrase "open source" mean?	Open source refers to software in which source code is distributed along with the executable program
Difference between Open source and Copy Left? (CL can be OS but OS cannot be CL)	OS:software released under that license can be used as part of programs distributed under other licenses CL:Once a program is distributed under a certain liscense, the other modifications to the program have to be listed under that exact same liscense.
What right is guaranteed by the Third Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?	refuse to let the goovernment quarter soldiers in their homes in peacetime.
What right is guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?	The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures of their property by law enforcement authorities.
what are the three most controversial provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act?	Allowing the use of roving wiretaps; o Permitting the surveillance of “lone wolf” suspects not linked to terrorist groups; o Allowing the FBI to seize business, medical, educational, and library records without showing probable cause.
What is the purpose of the Freedom of Information Act?	The purpose of the Freedom of Information Act is to ensure that the public has access to the records of the U.S. government.
Why has privacy groups objected to the installation of advanced imaging technology scanners at airport security checkpoints? How has the Transportation Security Administration responded to these objections?	Privacy groups objected to installation of advanced imaging technology scanners at airport security checkpoints because the scanners revealed features in great detail. TSA respondedwith new software indicates the location of threatening items gen outline
In 1890 Harvard-trained lawyers _____ wrote a highly influential article in the Harvard Law Review stating that people in modern society have a right to privacy and that this right ought to be respected.	Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis
______ suggested that we do not have to define privacy rights because every "privacy right" violation is a violation of another right as well	Judith Jarvis Thomson
A _______contains information about an incident or action reported to a government agency for the purpose of informing the public	public record
With enhanced 911 service, cell phone providers are able to ______ of active cell phone users.	determine the location
Manufacturers are replacing bar codes with ______tags because they give more information about the product and are easier to scan.	RFIDs/RFID
A _____ is a file containing information about your visits to a Web site that is placed on your computer's hard drive by a Web server	cookie
The process of searching through one or more databases, looking for patterns or relationships, is called ______	data mining
When information collected for one purpose is put to another purpose, that is called a ______ of the data.	secondary use
thanks to the _______/ credit reports, you can get a credit card from a bank or store with which you have never done business.	national credit bureau system
The Third Amendment to the U.S. Constitution has to do with a) freedom of speech and religion. b) search warrants. c) the right to bear arms. d) quartering of soldiers in private homes. e) self-incrimination	d) quartering of soldiers in private homes.
Who wrote an influential paper in the 1890s urging that privacy rights be enacted into law?	e) Warren and Brandeis
Who wrote that every violation of a "privacy right" is also a violation of another right	d) Judith Jarvis Thomson
Most commentators cite the benefits of privacy as a reason why people ought to have some privacy rights. A right that benefits society is called a	prudential right.
A public record contains information about an incident or action reported to a government agency for the purpose of	informing the public.
An example of a public record is a) a birth certificate. b) a marriage license. c) a deed to a house. d) a record of a criminal conviction. e) All of the above	e) All of the above
An RFID is	a wireless transmitter.
The OnStar system allows	a) a vehicle owner to initiate a conversation with an OnStar b) the vehicle to automatically send a message to an OnStar representative after an accident. c) an OnStar representative to disable the gas pedal of the vehicle without the driver's permission.
Flash cookies are controversial, in part, because	they are not controlled by the privacy controls of most Web browsers.
The process of searching through many records in one or more databases looking for patterns or relationships is called	data mining
When information is put to another purpose, that is called a	secondary use of the data.
A policy that requires the consumer to explicitly give permission before an organization can share information with another organization is called	opt-in
A policy that does not requires the consumer to explicitly give permission before an organization can share information with another organization is called	opt-out
Which philosopher argued in The Second Treatise of Government that people have a natural right to property?	John Locke
Intellectual property is a unique product of the human intellect that	has commercial value
The value of intellectual property is recognized a) in the Constitution of the United States. b) in the free market. c) in legislation passed by the U.S. Congress. d) through court decisions. e) All of the above	all of the above
The proper noun "Kleenex" is protected	trademark
Which of the following rights is not a right of a copyright holder?	The right to prevent others from producing competitive works.
Since the first Copyright Act was passed in 1790	all of the above
Sometimes it is legal to reproduce a copyrighted work without the permission of the copyright holder. These circumstances are called	fair use
The Audio Home Recording Act of 1992	all of the above
The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Sony v. Universal City Studios established the concept of	time shifting
The decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit in RIAA v. Diamond Multimedia Systems Inc. established the concept of	spaceshifting
The decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit in Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corporation established that the display of thumbnail images by a search engine	a fair use of those images
Google Books is b) an effort to gain copyrights on millions of books in the public domain. c) a book reader designed to compete with the Kindle. d) an online store competing with Amazon.com.	a) an effort to scan millions of books and make all their words searchable.
In 2005 Sony BMG Music Entertainment made headlines by	shipping CDs that secretly installed a rootkit on Windows computers.
After the RIAA sued Napster,	Napster went off-line
Suppose you buy a Microsoft game at the bookstore. Under current U.S. law, which of the following actions is illegal?	d) All of the above are illegal
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act is controversial, in part, because	all of the above
Apple's digital rights management system FairPlay prevented	a) songs from being played on more than five computers. b) songs from being copied onto CDs more than seven times. c) music purchased from the iTunes Store from playing on non-Apple MP3 players.
Compared with other peer-to-peer networks, BitTorrent takes advantage of the fact that broadband Internet connections	provide higher speeds for downloading than for uploading.
The court's ruling in Apple Computer v. Franklin Computer Corp. established that	object programs can be copyrighted.
The Linux operating system is an example of	open-source
In The Second Treatise of Government, ______ makes a case for a natural right to property	JOhn Locke
The U.S. Congress addresses the tension between society's desire for inventions to be in the public domain and the inventor's expectation of profit by giving inventors exclusive rights to their discoveries _______	for a limited period of time.
Merchandise 7X, the formula for Coca-Cola syrup, is a famous example of a type of intellectual property known as a ______	trade secret
A company's logo is an example of a type of intellectual property that can be protected by a ____	trademark
______had to pay Polaroid $925 million for violating seven of Polaroid's patents for instant photography.	Kodak
In 1991 a U.S. District Court judge ordered _______to pay $510,000 to a group of eight book publishers for violating their copyrights by producing photocopied packets of reading materials for college students	kinko's
Since the first Copyright Act was passed in 1790, both the length of copyright protection and the kinds of intellectual properties that can be copyrighted have ______	increased significantly.
Under some circumstances it is legal to reproduce a copyrighted work without permission. These circumstances are called_____	fair use
In Sony v. Universal City Studios, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that time shifting is _____	legal
In RIAA v. Diamond Multimedia Systems, Inc., the U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that space shifting is _____	legal
Arriba Soft Corporation was sued for copyright infringement because its Web search engine returned _______s. A court later ruled this was a fair use	thumbnail images of photo
In December 2004 _______ announced a plan to scan millions of books held by several of the world's largest libraries	Google
Sony BMG Music Entertainment's Extended Copy Protection system provoked controversy because it _______ on Windows computers.	secretly installed a rootkit
FairPlay was the name of Apple's ______system	digital rights management / DRM
A _______network allows computers running the same networking program to connect with each other and access files stored on each other's hard drives.	peer-to-peer
BitTorrent speeds file downloading by__________	allowing different pieces of a file to be downloaded simultaneously from different computers.
in September 2003 the RIAA sued 261 individuals for _________	distributing copyrighted music over the Internet.
The legal case Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp. established that ______are copyrightable	object programs
A "______" software development strategy helps ensure a company's software program does not duplicate any code in another company's product	clean room
Thanks to the work of Stanford law professor Lawrence Lessig and his collaborators, you can use a ________license to retain the copyright while allowing some uses of your intellectual property under certain circumstances	creative commons
Which of the following is not one of the categories in Daniel Solove's taxonomy of privacy? a) information collection. b) information dissemination. c) information filtering. d) information processing. e) invasion	information filtering
ccording to the Employee Polygraph Protection Act, which organization(s) cannot administer lie detector tests to job applicants?	private employers
The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act	requires online services to obtain parental consent before collecting any information from children 12 years old and younger.
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act	all of the above
The Census Bureau has not always kept confidential the information it has collected. According to the textbook, this became apparent	after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The FBI's National Crime Information Center database	contains more than 39 million records.
The OneDOJ database	will give state and local police officers access to information provided by five federal law enforcement agencies.
After Congress ruled that wiretapping was illegal	the FBI continued wiretapping people secretly.
What was the original purpose of Operation Shamrock?	Intercept all international telegrams entering or leaving the United States
Which of the following laws does not provide some sort of authorization for governmental wiretapping?	Federal Communications Act
After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, which U.S. governmental agency collected telephone call records of tens of millions of Americans without a court order?	NAtional Security Agency
Which of the following precepts is not part of the Code of Fair Information Practices?	There must be a way for a person to collect damages for financial losses caused by incorrect information about that person stored in a data record-keeping system.
The Fair Credit Reporting Act	is designed to promote the accuracy of credit reports.
The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act	gives consumers the right to request a free copy of their credit report every year.
The Financial Services Modernization Act	all of the above
The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act	all of the above
The Video Privacy Protection Act	prohibits video stores from disclosing rental records without the written consent of the customer.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act	attempts to limit the exchange of information among health care providers to that information necessary to care for the patient.
The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act requires online services to obtain parental consent before collecting any information from children ___ years old and younger.	12
The FBI maintains a collection of databases supporting the activities of federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies in the United States, the U.S. Virgin Islands, These databases are given the name National Crime Information Center (____	NCIC
The Privacy Act of 1974 applies only to_____databases	government
In Nardone v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained by federal agents from warrantless wiretaps was ______.	inadmissible in court
Between 1945 and 1975 the U.S. government secretly monitored telegram traffic entering and leaving the United States, as well as other communications. The name of this project was _______	Operation Shamrock
After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the U.S. Congress passed the _______, which gave federal law enforcement and intelligence officials greater authority to monitor communications.	USA PATRIOT ACT
The Fair Credit Reporting Act says credit bureaus may keep negative information about a consumer for a maximum of seven years. The two most important exceptions to the "seven year rule" are information about ______	bankruptcies and criminal convictions
The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act requires the three major credit bureaus to provide customers a free copy of their credit report every ___ months	12
The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act provides students 18 years of age and older the right to review their educational records.	18
The ______ prohibits video service providers from disclosing records without the written consent of the customer.	Video Privacy Protection Act
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act limits how doctors, hospitals, and insurance companies can use _____ collected from patients.	Medical Information
______t is a federal law signed in 1966 that is designed to ensure that citizens have access to records of the U.S. government.	The Freedom of Information Act
To protect citizens from interruptions by telemarketers, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission created the ______in 2003.	Do Not Call Registry
The CALM Act, signed by President Obama in 2010, requires that television commercials _____	are played at the same volume as the programs they are interrupting.
A mature profession insists that its members complete an initial professional education. The process by which the profession assures that this formal course work meets its standards is called ______	accreditation.
The process by which candidates are evaluated to determine their readiness to enter the profession is called ______	certification
Licensing gives the members of a profession the ____right to practice the profession	legal
The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice was developed by the two largest organizations supporting the computing field: the____ Machinery (ACM).	IEEE Computer Society and the Association for Computing
What is the stance of the ACM regarding the licensing of software engineers?	The ACM is opposed to the licensing of software engineers
In The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle writes that happiness results from _____	living a life of virtue
According to Aristotle, deriving pleasure from a virtuous act is a sign that _____	you have acquired that virtue.
Roger Boisjoly provided a Presidential commission with documents supporting his hypothesis about how the cold temperature had causes the failure of an O-ring on the Space Shuttle Challenger. For this action, Boisjoly was labeled a _____	whistleblower.
Responsibility assigned because of a person's assigned duties is called ___responsibility.	role
Michael McFarland argues that a team of engineers should be held to a higher level of moral responsibility than _______	any of its members
According to the textbook, which of the following careers is not an example of a mature profession? a) accountant b) doctor c) dentist d) lawyer e) software engineer	software engineer
Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of a mature profession? a) code of ethics b) licensing c) mandatory drug testing d) mandatory professional development e) professional education	c) mandatory drug testing
The process giving someone the legal right to practice a profession is called a) certification. b) licensing. c) matriculation. d) professional ethics. e) professional development.	b) licensing.
Unlike most professionals, the typical software engineer a) does not have a college education. b) does not make important decisions. c) does not make more than minimum wage. d) does not work directly with individual clients. e) All of the above	d) does not work directly with individual clients.
The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice was developed by	b) the Association for Computing Machinery and the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Principles and Clauses in the Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice	e) None of the above
According to Aristotle, moral virtue results from a) a good education. b) living a long life. c) a happy marriage and loving family. d) repetition of the appropriate acts. e) All of the above.	d) repetition of the appropriate acts.
According to Aristotle, deriving pleasure from a virtuous act is a sign that you a) have developed the virtue. b) have not yet developed the virtue. c) are egotistical. d) are hedonistic. e) have not done enough good deeds lately.	a) have developed the virtue.
According to Aristotle, when people with strong character face a moral problem, they know the right thing to do, because	b) the action is consistent with their character.
Whistleblowers	a) make an unauthorized discloser about a harmful situation or fraud.
A principal factor contributing to the loss of the space shuttle Challenger was that	c) the weather in Florida was unusually cold.
According to Michael McFarland, a team of engineers	has more moral accountability than any of its members.
A program with a benign capability that conceals another, sinister purpose is called a	Trojan Horse
A ________ is a piece of self-replicating code embedded within another program called the host.	virus
A software program that responds to commands sent by a command-and-control program located on an external computer is called a	bot.
Anonymous is	a loosely organized group of hacktivists that claimed responsibility for a DDoS attack on Church of Scientology Web site
A ________ is a self-contained program that spreads through a computer network by exploiting security holes in the computers connected to the network.	worm
Define censorship in your own words.	When a person or organization pervents another person or organization from expressing their opinion.
Summarize the different forms of direct censorship.	Gov.monopolization=gov. owns all the media outlets.Pre-publication review=gov. must approve info before it is disseminated. Licencing and registration=news org must get liscense from the gov. before operating. It is used for media with limited bandwidth,
According to the U.S. Supreme Court, why do broadcasters have the most limited First Ammendment rights?	Broadcasting is constantly on and you can't choose what gets broadcasted so the TV could be on and children could be watching. So it has to be more censored. Newspapers readers have a choice to read or not.
What is self-censorship? (provide ex)	witholding publication/ information for other reasons besides being polite. (ex: being in another country and not publishing a story that would put you in bad relations with the government)
Define Freedom of Expression as it is grounded in the First Amendment?	Congress (meaning the government) shall make no law (policy)
State Mill's Principle of Harm and explain what question the principle is designed to help answer?	Principle: Government resricts freedom when you harm or to prevent harm to others; Question: Under what circumstances should the gov. intervene?
What is the purpose of the First Amendment's free speech guarantee? What balance must be stuck when deciding what/how much speech to permit or limit?	Protects Political speech; the balance is the freedom of speech and security.
What does the CHild Internet Protection Act require and who?	It required blockers on all computers in public places (libraries) that want government funding. (you can get the filter removed,but you have to be an adult)
what is the difference between privacy and anonymity?	Privacy is along the lines of access information.People may know who youare, but certain information about you they can't access. Anonymity hides your idenity meaning that they may know personal information about you,but they don't know whose info it is.
Define Privacy and include its 3 main components	Privacy is the knowlege or about that person. 1.Desires: 2.Rights: 3.Responsibilities:
how is violating someone's privacy "an affront to that person's dignity" and autonomy?	when you violate someones privacy you are using them as a mean to an end and we trust that our information is to be autonomous
what is intellectual property?	any unique product of the human intellect that has commercal value
Summarize Hegel's theory of why indivduals have a right to own property	Private property is an “extension of the self” Individuals have a right to be secure in their own person
What is the maximum penalty for violating the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act?	Maximum penalty: 20 years in prison and $250,000 fine
What is a cyber attack?	a computer to computer attack that undermine the confidentiality, integrity or availability of a computer or information resident on it.
what did the Stuxnet worm do?	it used Denial of Service attacks to distrupt its targets. attacked Irans nuclear power plants
What is cybercrime?	a criminal act that requires the use of a computer, which is the target or tool of the crime.
Is cyberstalking considered cybercrime?	no as long as you are not harassing the other person you are stalking is is not a cyber-crime. and also your target is not the computer, it is the person so it would not be considered a cyber-crime
What are the 3 main types of cybercrimes?	Software Piracy=duplicating, w/o authorization, proprietary software or distributing 2.Computer Sabotage=interfering with the function of computer resources through malware. 3.ElectronicBreak-ins= intentionally entering forbidden property w/o permission.
What is a profession?	is a vocation that: requires a high level of education has significant societal impact
How is a computer related career a fully developed similar profession to medicine? How is it different?	Similar: It has a significant social impact (ex: creating, fixing and maintaining technology) It also has a code of ethics (altough not required to follow), has pro journals Diff: Does not require higher ed, does not need liscense or certification
Why did the ACM pass a resolution opposed to the licensing of software engineers?	The reason ACM opposes the establishment of licensing of software engineers is because they believe it is premature and would not be effective in addressing the problems of software quality and reliability.
What is whistle-blowing?	it's when someone within an organization breaks ranks in order to make an unauthorized disclosure of information about a harmful situation after attempts to report the concerns through authorized organizational channels have been ignored.
What are the Harms and benefits of whistle-blowing?	beneficial:it can prevent further movement of the harmful situation within the organization. Harmful: tothose who are both involved in the situation by choice and those who are presumably innocent bystanders.It could prove detrimental to an organization.
What is the purpose of the software engineering code of ethics? How is it intended to be used?	The purpose to to provide guidelines to these upcoming professionals for moral and ethical questions. It also is intended to help with the accountability of these professionals.
What are the considerations you need to weigh when an ethical tension among the principles of the Software ENgineering Code of Ethics arises?	1.who is affected by work 2.make sure you treat others with respect 3.consider if public is well informed 4.analyze how least empowered will be affected 5.consider whether acts would be worthy of ideal professional.
List 9 "alternative" fundamental principles that form the basis of the Software Engineering Code of Ethics	1.Be impartial 2.Disclose info others need2know 3.Respect rights others 4.treat others justly 5.Take responsibility for actions 6.Take responsibility for actions of those u supervise 7.maintain integrity 8.continually imporve abilities 9.share knowledge

The process by which candidates are evaluated to determine their readiness to enter the profession

What Is a Technical Test?

Ethics

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