The sentiments expressed in the cartoon above most directly contributed to which of the following?

Questions 1-3 refer to the following information.

1. The 1933 political cartoon shown above makes the point that

A. the New Deal's proposals for open immigration would threaten American democracy.

B. the New Deal would be ineffective in addressing the problems of the Great Depression.

C. the Supreme Court acted in a tyrannical way in declaring certain New Deal measures unconstitutional.

D. New Deal programs would usher in unconstitutional restrictions on American freedoms and liberties.

2. The sentiment expressed in the cartoon above most directly reflects which of the following continuities in U.S. history?

A. Debates about the proper role of the federal government in the economy.

B. Debates about the power of the Supreme Court to "legislate from the bench."

C. Debates about the proper relationship between the federal government and the states.

D. Debates about individual liberties during time of war.

3. The sentiment reflected in the cartoon was similar to which of the following political expressions?

A. Support by the feminists for the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972.

B. Opposition by the Republican Party to the creation of Great Society programs in the 1960s.

C. Opposition by environmentalists to passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994.

D. Opposition by Korean War veterans to the firing of General Douglas MacArthur by President Eisenhower in 1951.

Questions 4-5 refer to the following information.

"A drunkard in the gutter is just where he ought to be. . . . The law of survival of the fittest was not made by man, and it cannot be abrogated by man. We can only, by interfering with it, produce the survival of the unfittest. . . . The millionaires are a product of natural selection, acting on the whole body of men to pick out those who can meet the requirement of certain work to be done. In this respect they are just like the great statesmen, or scientific men, or military men. It is because they are thus selected that wealth—both their own and that entrusted to them—aggregates under their hands. Let one of them make a mistake and see how quickly the concentration gives way to dispersion."

—William Graham Sumner, What Social Classes Owe to Each Other, 1883

4. During the late 1800s, those who followed the ideas of William Graham Sumner in his book, What Social Classes Owe to Each Other (excerpted above), would most likely have advocated

A. government ownership of major banks and railroad companies.

B. a social welfare "safety net" to help people get through difficult economic times.

C. government efforts to curb alcohol consumption.

D. a laissez-faire approach to the economy.

5. The sociological ideas of William Graham Sumner reflect the idea that during the late 1800s

A. cultural and intellectual arguments justified the success of those at the top of the socioeconomic structure as both appropriate and inevitable.

B. popular writers rejected ideas from the sciences, and based their arguments on faith.

C. intellectuals were critical of the cut-throat competition of the ages, and proposed radical alternatives based on creating a cooperative economy.

D. cultural products of the era tended to ignore the economic direction of society and looked back wistfully to the past.

Questions 6-8 refer to the following information.

"If any person or persons shall, from and after the passing of this act, by force and violence, take and carry away, or cause to be taken or carried away, and shall, by fraud or false pretense, seduce, or cause to be seduced, or shall attempt so to take, carry away or seduce, any negro or mulatto, from any part or parts of this commonwealth, to any other place or places whatsoever, out of this commonwealth, with a design and intention of selling and disposing of, or of causing to be sold, or of keeping and detaining, or of causing to be kept and detained, such negro or mulatto, as a slave or servant for life, or for any term whatsoever, every such person or persons, his or their aiders or abettors, shall on conviction thereof, in any court of this commonwealth having competent jurisdiction, be deemed guilty of a felony."

—Excerpt from Pennsylvania law, 1826

6. Critics challenged the constitutionality of this 1826 law in the Supreme Court on the grounds that it

A. violated the Constitutional injunction against bills of attainder.

B. undermined the intent of the fugitive slave clause of the Constitution.

C. circumvented the three-fifths clause of the Constitution.

D. was inconsistent with the "eminent domain" clause of the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution.

7. The passage and implementation of this Pennsylvania law reflected an ongoing conflict between

A. rural and urban interests.

B. federal law and state law.

C. those who favored gradual emancipation and those who favored immediate emancipation.

D. supporters and opponents of government regulation of commerce.

8. Debate and conflict over the Pennsylvania law, excerpted above, reflected the fact that the framers of the Constitution

A. specifically declared that the institution of slavery would be protected "in perpetuity" in the original 13 states.

B. allowed for a state to be exempt from federal laws that went against that state's constitution.

C. postponed a solution to the problems of slavery.

D. declared that slaves could be both citizens and property.

What situation most likely caused the sentiments expressed above?

Which of the following was most likely a significant cause of the sentiments depicted in the cartoon above?

Which event was a catalyst to the ideas expressed in the passage above?

Which of the following best explains the reason for the reconciliation described by blight?