True or false: a global mindset can be developed only through immersion in another culture.

How we perceive ourselves; an individual's self-beliefs and self-evaluations 

1. Complexity 2. Consistency 3. Clarity

number of distinct and important roles or identities that people perceive about themselves (student, friend, daughter, etc.)

How compatible are the person's self-concept identities with one another and with the person's personality, values, and other attributes? 

The degree to which you have a clear, confidently defined, and stable self-concept. 

What are the four processes that shape self-concept and influence a person's decisions and behaviors ?

1. self-enhancement 2. self-verification 3. self-evaluation 4. social self (social identity)

A person's inherent motivation to have a positive self-concept (and to have others perceive him/her favorably), such as being competent, attractive, lucky, ethical, and important. 

A person's inherent motivation to confirm and maintain his/her existing self-concept. 

defined by three elements: self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control 

the extent to which people like, respect, and are satisfied with themselves - represents a global evaluation. A person's rating of his or her success at social inclusion. 

a person's belief that he or she can successfully complete a task. An individual's perception regarding the MARS model.

A person's general belief about the amount of control he or she has over personal life events. Internal locus of control: individuals believe that their personal characteristics mainly influence life's outcomes. External locus of control: events in their life are due mainly to faith, luck, or conditions in the external environment. 

Personal identity (internal self-concept)

consists of attributes that make us unique and distinct from people in social groups to which we have a connection

individuals define themselves to some degree by their relationships; external self-concept 

A theory stating that people define themselves by the groups to which they belong or have an emotional attachment.

Perceptual Process: Perception

the process of receiving information; selecting, organizing, and interpreting information to make sense of the world around us. It entails determining which information to notice, how to categorize this information, and how to interpret it within the framework of our existing knowledge. 

The process of attending to some information received by our senses and ignoring other information. It is influenced by the characteristics of the person or object being perceived, particularly size, intensity, motion, repetition. and novelty.

selective attention problem, is the tendency for people to screen out information that is contrary to their decisions, beliefs, values, and assumptions and to more readily accept confirming information.

Organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our long-term memory.

Visual or relational images in our mind representing the external world. (mental image of a class in progress, assumptions and expectations)

Perceptual Processes and bias/problems

• Stereotyping
• Attribution Theory
• Self-fulfilling Prophecy

The process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in a social category. How it influences the perceptual process: economizes mental effort, fills in missing info, and enhances our self-concept, but it also lays the foundation for prejudice and systemic discrimination.

social identity is a comparative process, and the comparison begins by the categorizing of people into distinct groups.

to simplify the comparison process, we tend to think that people within each group are very similar to one another. 

Self-enhancement motivates us to have a positive self-concept. Thus, in addition to categorizing and homogenizing people, we differentiate them by assigning more favorable characteristics to people in our groups than to people in other groups. 

The perceptual process of deciding whether an observed behavior or events is caused largely by internal or external factors.

Three-factors that impact whether an attribution will be external or internal

1.Consistency 2. Distinctiveness
3.Consensus

How often did the person act this way in the past?

How often does the person act this way in other settings?

How often do other people act this way in similar situations? 

Fundamental attribution error

the tendency to see the person rather than the situation as the main cause of that person's behavior.

The tendency to attribute our favorable outcomes to internal factors and our failures to external factors.

our expectations about another person cause that person to act more consistently with those expectations.

Self-fulfilling Prophecy cycle

1. Supervisor forms expectations about the employee 2. supervisors expectations affect his/her behaviour towards the employee 3. supervisors behaviour affects employees abilities and self-confidence 4. employees behaviour becomes consistent with supervisors expectations

Positive Organizational Behavior

A perspective of organizational behavior that focuses on building positive qualities and traits within individuals or institutions as opposed to focusing on what is wrong with them. 

1. Halo Effect
2. False-consensus effect
3. Primacy effect
4. Recency effect

when our general impression of a person, usually based on one prominent characteristic, colors our perception of other characteristics of that person. 

False-consensus effect (similar-to-me effect)

when we overestimate the extent to which others have beliefs and characteristics similar to our own. 

when we quickly form an opinion of people based on the first information we receive about them, first impressions are lasting impressions 

when the most recent information dominates our perception of others 

Three ways to improve perception

1. awareness of perceptual biases 2. improving/increasing self-awareness 3.meaningful interactions

become more aware of biases in our own decisions and behavior. Self-awareness increases through formal tests such as the IAT (Implicit Association Test) and by applying the Johari Window

a model of mutual understanding that encourages disclosures and feedback to increase our own open area and reduce the blind, hidden, and unknown areas.

-open-info about yourself that you and others know
-blind-info about you that you don't know but others do.
-hidden-info about you that you know but others don't
-unknown-info about yourself that neither you nor others know

Meaningful Interaction; contact hypothesis

A theory stating that the more we interact with someone, the less prejudice or perceptually biased we will be against that person. Improves empathy (a person's understanding of and sensitivity to the feelings, thoughts, and situations of others).  

an individuals ability to perceive, appreciate, and empathize with people form other cultures, and to process complex cross-cultural information

Global mindset includes...

• Awareness of, openness to, and respect for other views and practices in the world
• The capacity to empathize and act effectively across cultures
• Ability to process complex information about novel environments
• Ability to comprehend and reconcile intercultural matters with multiple levels of thinking

Global mindset: Usefulness to employees and organizations

• enables people to develop better cross-cultural relationships
• to digest high volumes of cross-cultural information
• to identify and respond more quickly to emerging global opportunitiea

Employees develop a global mindset through...

self-awareness, opportunities to compare their own mental models with people from other cultures, formal cross cultural training, and immersion in other cultures.

How can you develop a global mindset?

What is having a global mindset?

What is a global mindset quizlet?

What is global mindset training?