What is the connection between social rejection and aggression from an evolutionary perspective?

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What is the connection between social rejection and aggression?
How does the evolutionary perspective view aggression?
What are the social factors that influence aggression?
What are the causes of aggression in social psychology?

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In countries characterized by high income inequality (bolivia, U.S.A., kenya, iran), the average citizen is much more likely to be murdered, assaulted, or raped than in countries with less income inequality (germany, taiwan, ireland, norway). Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009
In states within US, pattern repeats itself. Also plays a role in which neighborhoods are more violent.

A culture of honor is prevalent in the US south. Men in such cultures tend to be concerned about their reputation for toughness, machismo, and their willingness and ability to avenge a wrong or insult. These concerns give rise to firm rules of politeness, as well as additional ways people recognize the honor of others, thus lending stability to social relationships and reducing the risk of violence. The downside of the concern with honor is that it makes people particularly sensitive to slights and insults, thereby leading them to feel obligated to respond with violence to protect or reestablish their honor.
Cohen & Nisbett: southerners more likely to respond with aggression when their honor is slighted, murders that occurred as a result of an argument/insult more common in south. Lab experiment: exposed southerners and northerners to insult (bumped into, called an ass); southerners showed more anger, greater increase in testosterone and cortisone levels, firmer handshake, refusal to move out of the way. Field experiment: the job apps with felony assault/murder, southerners more receptive/warm to applicant.
Nisbett and Cohen argue that the culture of honor in the south is a variant of a cultural perspective found worldwide among people who earn their living by herding animals. Herders are susceptible to losing their entire wealth in an instant if someone steals their animals, so their vulnerability leads them to develop a tough exterior and make it clear he's willing to take a stance against even the slightest threat.

- In lab: letting people aggress on a non-human object, noise-blasting, teacher/learner shocks, punishing loser, taking away money from fellow study participant, verbal aggression, negative evaluation that causes harmful consequences, game of chicken
- Real world: crime statistics, violent crime, school suspensions related to fighting, bullying, sports fouls

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How does the evolutionary perspective view aggression?

Evolutionary explanations of aggression suggest that aggression serves an important function in terms of both individual survival as well as reproductive potential. Competition arises when resources are limited and animals must compete in order to survive and reproduce.

Many social environments also foster the development of an aggressive personality. Such factors include poverty; living in violent neighborhoods; deviant peers; lack of safe, supervised child recreational areas; exposure to media violence; bad parenting; and lack of social support.

What causes aggressive behavior?.

Irregular brain development. Experts have linked increased activity in the amygdala and decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex to aggression. ... .

Genetics. ... .

Brain chemical and hormone imbalances. ... .

Side effects of prescription medications and other substances. ... .

Medical conditions..