Description[edit | edit source] Show
Anterior view of the left shoulder and acromioclavicular joints, and proper scapular ligaments. The glenohumeral (GH) joint is a true synovial ball-and-socket style diarthrodial joint that is responsible for connecting the upper extremity to the trunk. It is one of four joints that comprise the shoulder complex. This joint is formed from the combination of the humeral head and the glenoid fossa of the scapula. This joint is considered to be the most mobile and least stable joint in the body, and is the most commonly dislocated diarthrodial joint [1]. Motions Available[edit | edit source]Abduction[edit | edit source]Elevation of the humerus on the glenoid in the frontal (coronal) plane. Flexion[edit | edit source]Forward and upward movement of the humerus on the glenoid in the sagittal plane. Extension[edit | edit source]Upward movement of the humerus on the glenoid in the sagittal plane towards the rear of the body. Internal Rotation[edit | edit source]Rotation of the humerus on the glenoid in a medial direction. External Rotation[edit | edit source]Rotation of the humerus on the glenoid in a lateral direction. Scapular Plane Abduction[edit | edit source]Elevation of the humerus on the glenoid in the scapular plane, which is midway between the coronal and sagittal planes. Horizontal Adduction[edit | edit source]Movement of the humerus on the glenoid in a medial direction, usually accompanied with some degree of shoulder flexion. Joint Capsule and Ligaments[edit | edit source] Together, the Joint Capsule and the Ligaments of the GH Joint work to provide a passive restraint to keep the humeral head in contact with the Glenoid Fossa. Anterior view of the capsule of the right glenohumeral joint (distended). Joint Capsule:[edit | edit source]
Ligaments[edit | edit source]Superior Glenohumeral Ligament: [2][3]
Middle Glenohumeral Ligament: [2][3]
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament: [2][3]
Coracohumeral Ligament: [2][3]
Transverse Humeral Ligament: [2][3]
Muscles[edit | edit source]Muscles on the dorsum of the scapula, and the Triceps brachii. Flexors[edit | edit source]
Extensors[edit | edit source]
Rotator Cuff[edit | edit source]
Internal Rotators[edit | edit source]
External Rotators[edit | edit source]
Abductors[edit | edit source]
Adductors[edit | edit source]
Video[edit | edit source][4] Closed Packed Position[edit | edit source]The closed packed position of the GH Joint is Abduction and External Rotation. Open Packed Position[edit | edit source]The open packed position of the GH Joint is around 50 degrees of Abduction with slight Horizontal Adduction and External Rotation. However, the point of maximal capsular laxity has been found to be 39 degrees of Abduction in the Scapular Plane, which suggests that the open packed position may be close to neutral position of the shoulder.[5] Capsular Pattern[edit | edit source]Capsular pattern of the GH joint is characterized by external rotation being the most limited, followed by abduction, internal rotation, and flexion. Labrum[edit | edit source]The labrum serves to deepen the glenoid fossa by around 50%, allowing for more contact area between the surface of glenoid and the humeral head. The increase in contact area also enhances joint
stability.[2] Common pathologies of the labrum include SLAP lesions and Bankart lesions. Bursae[edit | edit source]Multiple bursae are distributed throughout the shoulder complex, however, the subacromial bursa is one of the largest bursae in the body. The subacromial bursa is composed of the subdeltoid and subacromial bursa because they are often continuous. This bursa serves to allow the rotator cuff to slide easily beneath the deltoid muscle. Common problems may include shoulder bursitis.[2] Arthrokinematics[edit | edit source]The arthrokinematics below are described for the open kinematic chain since most functional tasks of the glenohumeral joint occur as a movement of the humerus on the glenoid.
References[edit | edit source]
Which type of joint is found between the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of the shoulder blade?The shoulder joint itself known as the Glenohumeral joint, (is a ball and socket articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula)
What type of joint is between the humerus and the shoulder?The glenohumeral joint is the one most people think of as the shoulder joint. It is formed where a ball (head) at the top of the humerus fits into a shallow cuplike socket (glenoid) in the scapula, allowing a wide range of movement.
Does the head of the humerus articulate with the glenoid cavity?The ball like the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity which creates a ball and socket joint that allows the upper limb great motility.
Which of the following joints is made up by the humerus and glenoid fossa?The glenohumeral joint is the articulation between the spherical head of the humerus and the concave glenoid fossa of the scapula.
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