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Terms in this set (115)mass media News sources, including newspapers, television, radio, and the Internet, whose purpose is to provide a large audience with information about the nation and the world.news media news media also called the press : Subset of the mass media that provides the news of the day, gathered and reported by journalists. watchdog Role of the press in monitoring government actions. Libel Publishing false and damaging statements about another person. New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) If a newspaper prints an article that turns out to be false but that the newspaper thought was true at the time of publication, the newspaper has not committed libel. actual malice Supreme Court test for libel of a public figure, in which the plaintiff must prove that the publisher knew the material was false or acted with reckless disregard of whether it was true or false. Public Occurrences First newspaper in the American colonies (1690) seditious libel communication meant to incite people to change the government; criticism of the government Federalist Papers Series of essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay arguing for the ratification of the Constitution; Yellow Journalism Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers Pulitzer United States newspaper publisher who established the Pulitzer prizes (1847-1911), the owner of the New York World who used yellow journalism during the Spanish-American War Muckraking Journalistic practice of investigative reporting that seeks to uncover corruption and wrongdoing. hard news Political news coverage, traditionally found in the printed press, that is more fact-based, opposed to more interpretive narratives and commentary. soft news News stories focused less on facts and policies than on sensationalizing secondary issues or on less serious subjects of the entertainment world. propaganda model Extreme view of the media's role in society, arguing that the press serves the interest of the government only, driving what the public thinks about important issues. minimal effects model model that predicts that media will have little influence on behavior selective exposure The process through which people consciously choose to get the news from information sources that have viewpoints compatible with their own. selective perception Process whereby partisans interpret the same information differently. not-so-minimal effects model View of the media's impact as substantial, occurring by agenda setting, framing, and priming. agenda setting Ability of the media to affect the way people view issues, people, or events by controlling which stories are shown and which are not. Priming Process whereby the media influence the criteria the public uses to make decisions. Framing the power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted Fake News Fake news refers to fabricated news. It has no basis in fact, but is presented by the "mainstream" news media as being factually accurate. Penny Press Newspapers sold for a penny, initiating an era in which the press began to rely on circulation and advertising for income and not on political parties. Priming Process whereby the media influence the criteria the public uses to make decisions. The press concealed the health of which president, thereby preserving his public image? d. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jake, a freshman in college, gets most of his news online from sources such as the Huffington Post and
Daily Kos while his grandfather Joe reads a print version of the Wall Street Journal from cover to cover. Some would argue that because he's reading a traditional printed newspaper, Joe is exposed to more d. hard news. Which president started his own newspaper to get his message out regarding issues of the day? d. James K. Polk According to journalist David Broder, what is the main factor that contributes to bias in the media? b. The speed with which journalists must act The mass media help ensure government accountability and responsiveness by performing three important tasks: informing, investigating, and modifying the news. false Which was a result of the Pentagon Papers Supreme Court decision? a. The government had not met and would have needed to meet an extraordinary burden of proof for prior restraint. Pentagon Papers Government documents that showed the public had been lied to about the status of the war in Vietnam Since the 1990s, what has happened to newspaper readership? c. It has declined for both younger and older age groups. Which federal agency oversees the regulation of electronic media? c. Federal Communications Commission Federal Communications Commission Federal agency that regulates the radio, television, wire, satellite and cable communications. "Fireside chats" were most associated with which president? Franklin Roosevelt Fireside Chats The informal radio conversations Roosevelt had with the people to keep spirits up. It was a means of communicating with the people on how he would take on the depression. When the George W. Bush administration waged war in Afghanistan, the media emphasized the issue of fighting terrorism
and presented war in a favorable light. This is an example of framing The popularity of Americans who listen to the radio has remained unchanged in the past decade as a medium of communication. True Which amendment governs freedom of
press? First In which Supreme Court case did the court require proof of actual malice in order to convict of libel? New York Times v. Sullivan Which Supreme Court case limited
the government's ability to suppress a news story? a. Near v. Minnesota Near v. Minnesota the 1931 Supreme Court decision holding that the first amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint. Loving v. Virginia 1867 court case that declared all laws against interracial marriage unconstitutional Gibbons v. Ogden This case involved New York trying to grant a monopoly on waterborne trade between New York and New Jersey. Judge Marshal, of the Supreme Court, sternly reminded the state of New York that the Constitution gives Congress alone the control of interstate commerce. Marshal's decision, in 1824, was a major blow on states' rights. Mculloch v. Maryland (1819) case that said federal law trumps state law Which factor poses the biggest threat to the television evening news? a. An aging audience An aging audience is the biggest threat to the television evening news since younger people are less likely to tune in. Selective exposure is the process whereby people secure information from sources that agree with them, reinforcing their beliefs. a. True Which model for interpreting public opinion asserts that the news media
does not have a lot of influence on the public's thinking about politics? Minimal effects Facebook is an example of a(n) social networking site. In
the mid-1990s, virtually every form of media—TV news, magazines, newspapers, radio—covered O.J. Simpson's murder trial, a criminal court case involving the former football player and the suspicious deaths of his ex-wife and her friend. The O.J. trial captivated the nation for years. What is this effect called when the news covers an item so frequently that the audience begins to see the issue as immensely important? c. Agenda setting Which three major networks aired evening news broadcasts in the early 1960s? a. ABC, NBC, CBS Who uncovered the Watergate scandal? b. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein The series of articles written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to support the ratification of the Constitution are known as b. the Federalist Papers.
Which newspaper, headed by Benjamin Franklin and often considered the foundation for modern American news coverage, included sensationalist stories? b. Philadelphia Gazette Boing Boing, Techcrunch, Talking Points Memo, and Engadget: what do we call these forms of media that provide forums for
commentary, video postings, and general conversation, and allow average citizens to express their opinions to a wider audience? a. Blogs Which assessment of the 1960 debate between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy is considered correct? a. Most television watchers thought Kennedy won, and most radio listeners thought Nixon won. ________ is the ability of the media to alter the public's view on an
issue by presenting it in a particular way. Framing The biggest barrier to the public's access to news and information about politics is ________. access to the Internet There is evidence that the Internet and social media have not changed the overall amount of information the public possesses, but new media are not equally available to all Americans. By emphasizing certain issues or headlines, the media influence what citizens care about or what they perceive to be the most pressing issues of the day. This type of media effect is called ________. agenda setting In a democracy, who is the ultimate source of power? Citizens In a democracy such as the United States, citizens are supposed to be the ultimate source of power. During the heyday of television news broadcasting in the 1960s and 1970s, Americans labeled ABC anchorman ________ as "the most
trusted man in America." Walter Cronkite epresented both the height of objective journalism and the dominance of TV network news. Most Americans assumed that Cronkite provided the facts and did not let partisanship shape his reporting. ________ is a style of investigative reporting that rose to popularity in the early 1900s that seeks to
expose corruption and encourage reform. Muckraking Muckraking is a journalistic practice of investigative reporting that seeks to uncover corruption and wrongdoing. The Nazi dictatorship in Germany exemplified the ________ model of media influence by controlling the programming and information German citizens. propaganda model The propaganda model is an extreme view of the media's role in society, arguing that the press serves the interest of the government only, driving what the public thinks about important issues. The polar opposite of the propaganda model of media influence is the ________, in which people believe the public ignores the media or only
believes what they witness themselves. naïve model Few people believe that the media have no influence on citizens. The naïve model postulates that people think the public ignores the media or that citizens learn about politics by observing the events themselves. naive model The naïve model postulates that people think the public ignores the media or that citizens learn about politics by observing the events themselves. President Trump's unconventional approach to campaigning in the 2016 election included making controversial remarks that resulted in millions of dollars in free media coverage. True Trump was able to get unprecedented coverage from the news media at no cost through his use of Twitter, the caustic tone of his campaign speeches, and by calling in to morning news shows. Newspapers print more fact-based stories about politics, also known as ________, than the more interpretive commentary reported on TV. hard news Hard news coverage of politics, traditionally found in the printed press, is more fact-based than the more interpretive commentary reported on TV. Which of the following is necessary to hold government leaders accountable for their actions? A free press A government that limits freedom of the press decreases the chance for the public to hold government leaders accountable. During
the last 60 years, the news media has taken a more active role in interpreting campaign stories by focusing more on ________ something happened and delivering more commentary. why In the decades following 1960, journalists started to interpret events more frequently and assessing why something happened. Some news outlets, such as cable news, deliver more commentary than hard news. The
three primary functions of news reporting are to ________, ________, and ________ to help ensure government remains accountable and responsible to its citizens. inform, investigate, interpret The mass media help ensure government accountability and responsiveness by performing three important tasks: informing, investigating, and interpreting the news. The ________ is the agency that regulates radio, broadcast television, cable television, cell phones, and wireless networks. Federal Communications Commission The ________ model describes the tendency for only a few voters to change their minds about who they
are voting for when new information about a campaign is offered by the media. The minimal effects model is a view of the media's impact as marginal because most people seek news reports to reinforce beliefs already held rather than to develop new ones. As the public's confidence in the press continues to decline, the two reasons most cited for their
concern are ________. media bias and quality of information Worries about the news media often center on two general concerns. One is that the media are biased and do not present objective information. The second focuses on the general quality of information available to the public. Newspaper
publishers in the early 1800s began selling their newspapers and accepting advertising to make a profit. This time in the history of the press is known as the era of ________. the penny press In the early 1800s, newspapers sold for a penny, initiating an era in which the press began to rely on circulation and advertising for income and not on political parties. Prior to 1976, there were no women news anchors on TV. ________ became the first woman co-anchor of a network evening news program. Barbara Walters In 1976, Barbara Walters became the first woman to co-anchor the evening news (ABC). Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are examples of ________ that many
Americans, including politicians, use to share information with the public. social media platforms The fastest-growing ethnic group in the United States is ________, prompting rapid changes in the media environment. Latinos Latinos are the fastest-growing ethnic group in the United States, prompting the growth of two major Spanish-language television networks reaching over 5 million Spanish-speaking viewers in more than 40 markets. Popular "infotainment" shows such as The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallonand The Late Show with Stephen Colbert offer __________ news, which emphasizes less serious stories that appeal to viewers'
emotions. soft By framing or "spinning" matters in a certain way, the news media can change a voter's mind about a political issue or figure. True The number of daily newspapers published in the United States has been increasing since 1990. False Traditional printed newspapers are in decline. The number of daily papers has been dropping since 1990, and newspaper readership is also declining. If a supermarket tabloid writes a story that portrays a popular actor, performer, or other public figure negatively, the individual harmed in the article has to prove ________ to win the suit for libel. actual malice Actual malice is the Supreme Court test for libel of a public figure. The individual must prove that the publisher knew the story was false or acted with reckless disregard of whether it was true or false. When may the government limit the publishing power of the media? In times of war (or threat of war) Today's media environment offers the public many ________ for political information or, if they prefer, no political information at all. choices In the United States, media sources control programming,
and the flow of information is free from government control. True, A model where the government holds a monopoly on information is dangerous and is inconsistent with how the press works in open societies such as the United States. Millennials appear to be less interested in politics at this point in their lives than their parents' and grandparents'
generations. false, Millennials appear to be more interested in politics at this point in their lives than were previous generations. This interest is not gauged by whether they watch the evening news or read newspapers, but by the ways they use new media to share information and express their interest in politics. Even before the invention of television, presidential candidates were using short catchy statements called ________
to convey a favorable image of themselves and their campaigns. slogans A landmark case in the early 1700s in colonial America advanced the idea that a free press was more important than a law against ________, which punished people who spoke out against the government. seditious libel The practice of distorting news and writing sensational headlines to sell newspapers, popularized by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst in the late 1800s, is known as ________. yellow journalism Bloggers who write
stories published on the Internet enjoy First Amendment protections the same way print journalists are protected. True Bloggers are afforded the same protections as journalists working for established news outlets. The tendency for people to only watch the cable news stations that report news they agree with and support their ideology is a process described as ________. selective exposure According to the minimal effects model, in a process described as selective exposure, people secured information from sources that agreed with them, leading to the reinforcement of beliefs, not to a change of beliefs. Because there are so many news outlets to choose from, people can follow the outlets that match
their existing ________ preferences, which can increase polarization. ideological People follow news outlets that conform to their existing ideological preferences. This self-selection can fuel further polarization, because many people are not getting information from the other side. Publishing a false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation
is called ________. libel Publishing false and damaging statements about another person is called libel. Libel Publishing false and damaging statements about another person is called libel. The media doesn't just report the news; it can also make the
news. True The media can also make news by researching and revealing information about events. ________ is a standard that must be met in defamation cases involving public figures. Actual malice Who was the first president to
use radio to communicate directly communicate with the public? Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first president to use radio to communicate directly with the people, broadcasting what he called "fireside chats" from the White House in which he explained what he was doing to end the Great Depression. A famous
series of essays published in New York newspapers in 1787, known as the ________, provided a vital form of partisan debate over the ratification of the Constitution. Federalist Papers written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay arguing for the ratification of the Constitution and are considered today a leading source for understanding the Constitution. Although there have been many changes in the mass media in the last 30 years, evidence suggests that Americans have as much information about politics as they did before ________. the Internet Despite recent changes in the mass media, evidence suggests that Americans have as much information about politics as they did before the arrival of the Internet and the 24-7 news cycle. To provide a broader understanding for a story, a politician may share information with a journalist ________, with an understanding that the statements be kept in confidence. off the record Politicians may make certain statements "off the record" with the understanding that journalists will not use them in a story except as background or to provide context. Following the events of 9/11, the news headlines focusing on terrorism powerfully influenced the criteria that citizens used to decide how much they liked President Bush. This process is called ________. priming An extension of agenda setting is priming. Emphasis by the media can alter the criteria that citizens use when evaluating or making decisions about political leaders. How does the news media differ from mass media? News media is a subset of mass media. When it comes to news about government and politics, people with a consistently ________ ideology tend to rely on more sources such as CNN, MSNBC, NPR, and the New York Times for their news. liberal whereas conservatives often go to Fox News as their primary sourc The first televised public debate between presidential candidates ________ in 1960 was a demonstration of how television's visuals redefined political events and influenced public opinion based on how the candidates looked. John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon The 1960 presidential campaign between John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon is a well-known example of the new emphasis on the visual side of politics. Politicians aimed to look good on television because viewers could detect nervousness and judge body language. The audience for TV news is declining as the trend for Americans getting their
news from ________ sources is increasing. online Changes in today's news media have led to an increase in the number of professional journalists who are covering politics. False The many changes in the news media have led to a decline in the number of professional journalists who are covering politics. Which amendment to the Constitution assures a free press in the United States? first freedom of the press is a basic tenet of democracy. Which part of the Constitution protects the freedom of the press to report news? first Journalists are obligated to report only favorable news about candidates running for office. false The print media is more heavily regulated by government than the electronic media. false The ________ role of the press allows journalists the freedom to be
critical of the government and to do their job free from governmental interference. watchdog The watchdog role of the press lies at the heart of democracy. The First Amendment to the Constitution protects freedom of the press. Rush Limbaugh is the top politically ________ talk radio commentator on the air today, reaching over 13 million
listeners. conservative Rush Limbaugh is by far the best-known conservative talk radio host on the air today. No liberal shows come close to the popularity of the top-rated conservative commentators. Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein served as government ________ by investigating and reporting a news story that ultimately
resulted in the resignation of President Nixon in 1974. watchdogs Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein played the ultimate role of watchdog, creating a news story that gripped the country for more than a year. The episode ended with Nixon's resignation in 1974, the only time a U.S. president has resigned. The colonial Era(1620-1750) ... Colonial Era (1620-1750) newspapers weren't widely available and there were few printing presses. Students also viewed
American Government Exam 260 terms Rebecca_Boyd175 Descripciones de la comida55 terms JuliaFigueroaTeacher Chapter 7 Wrap it up quiz25 terms julesmdavies Chapter 7 Quiz8 terms Alexis_Peck83 Sets found in the same folderchapter 10 final exam134 terms salamurai10 chapter 11103 terms salamurai10 Chapter 5 political parties85 terms salamurai10 Ch. 645 terms mariahpost Other sets by this creator235253 terms salamurai10 TExES 231 English 7-12162 terms salamurai10 history exam 160 terms salamurai10 sociology chapter 341 terms salamurai10 Other Quizlet setsbiochem test 111 terms claire_burkhardt8 A&P Chapter 15: Respiratory System47 terms newacctwhodis Module 3, Chapter 1162 terms jordan_mackenzee Aphasia Exam 3: Quality-of-Life Approach to Aphasia26 terms debbie_weaver What role does the media play in the political process quizlet?The media helps inform the public about current political issues and events; provide a forum through which candidates, politicians, and the public can debate policies and issues; and to act as a watchdog on the actions of the gov.
What are the two ways the media affect politics quizlet?1. Media improves governance by monitoring the actions of those in power and alerting the public to corruption or abuse of trust. 2) Access to information helps citizens hold their governments accountable. 3) A plural media improves government responsiveness by giving a voice to the vulnerable.
What role does the media play quizlet?Because of its role as a gatekeeper, the media is largely responsible for deciding what issues society discusses in the public sphere. That means the media also determines which issues are on the public agenda. What is the public agenda? The to do list of issues that the public agrees are priority.
What is the role of media in the working of the government?The media provides information to the public by its reporting of and commentary upon the proceedings within the Parliament, the operations of the Government, and the views and alternate policies of the Opposition.
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What two roles can the national media play in the policy making process quizlet?
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