What was a major difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor quizlet?

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Terms in this set (16)

Industrial Union

A union composed of workers in a single industry, for ex. automobile, railroad, or mining, rather than into separate craft-based associations.
• The American Railway Union, formed in the 1880s, was one of the first industrial unions in the nation.

Labor theory of value

The belief that the price of a product should reflect the work that went into making it and should be paid mostly to the person who produced it. This idea was popularized by the National Trades' Union in the mid-nineteenth century.

Blacklist, late 1800s.

Procedure used by employers to label and identify undesirable workers. Industrialists used this in the late 1800s to punish workers trying to organize unions or gain better working conditions.

Collective bargaining, late 1800s.

A process of negotiation between labor unions and employers, particularly followed by the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in the late 1800s. Led by Samuel Gompers, the AFL accepted the new industrial order but fought for a bigger share of the profits for workers.

National Labor Union, 1866

First attempt to combine various unions into a single labor organization. Founded by William Sylvis, it claimed a membership of 640,000 and fell apart after the Panic of 1873.

Knights of Labor / Uriah Stephens / Terence Powderly, 1869

An American labor union originally established as a secret fraternal order and noted as the first union of all workers (skilled and unskilled along with women and blacks)
• It was founded in Philadelphia by Uriah Stephens and a number of fellow workers.
• Powderly was elected head of the Knights of Labor in 1883.
• The K of L wanted a cooperative system to replace the wage system. The K of L wanted an eight-hour work day, an end to child labor, equal pay for equal work, and the elimination of private banks. It had over 700,000 by 1886 - the loss of major strikes led to its disappearance by the 1890s.

Molly Maguires, 1870s

Labor organization comprised of miners in Pennsylvania that occasionally used violence. Although mine owners used informers and agents to carry out the violence so they would have an excuse to use force to stop unionization, it convinced many middle-class Americans that unions were radical and violent.

Great Railroad Strike, 1877

A large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts.
• Becomes the first major strike and the bitterness and violence of the strike demonstrated the increasing chasm
between workers and industry.
• The strike is put down by the govt. and the strike's failure seriously weakened the railway unions.

American Federation of Labor (AFL), 1886

Began with about 140,000 members; by 1917 it had 2.5 million members. It organized craft unions made up of skilled workers and was a federation of different unions. Samuel Gompers was the president and the AFL supported "pure and simple unionism" that sought to get the best deal for workers in the existing capitalist economy rather than trying to alter the entire system.

Haymarket Square Riot, 1886

A large rally was held in Haymarket Square in Chicago shortly after striking began at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
• After the police tried to disperse the crown, a-bomb exploded killing or injuring many of the police.
• The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant and anti-union feelings among Americans.
• The Knights of Labor was labeled as radicals due to this incident and it severely hurt the organization.

Homestead Strike, 1892

The workers at a steel plant in Pennsylvania went on strike, forcing the owner to close down. Armed guards were hired to protect the building. This strike was typical of the period in that it was broken by the use of govt. power (8000 National Guard soldiers were sent to protect the strikebreakers.)

Closed Shop

A working establishment where only people belonging to the union were hired. It was done by the unions to protect their workers from cheap labor

Scab

Someone who works in place of a striking worker; scabs were also called strikebreakers. Corporations hired scabs to break strikes by union workers. In 1877, the U.S. federal govt. protected scab train crews in the great railroad strike.

Yellow Dog contracts

A written contract between employers and employees in which the employees sign an agreement that they will not join a union while working for the company.
• This was a tool used by employers to prevent unionization.

Injunction

A judicial order forcing a person or group to refrain from something.
• This was a tool used by industry that frequently sought and got injunctions ordering unions to stop striking.
• This indicated the substantial support of the courts and govt. on supporting industry rather than unions.

Pullman Strike, 1894

Started by enraged workers who were part of George Pullman's "model town." It began when Pullman fired three workers on a committee.
• Pullman refused to negotiate and troops were brought in to ensure that trains would continue to run.
• The strike widened when the American Railway Union, whose president was Eugene V. Debs supported the
strike by refusing to handle Pullman cars.
• The strike was broken by the use of govt. troops on the grounds that the strike was stopping the mail.
• The strike illustrated the conflict between labor and industry. It also demonstrated the role the federal govt.
played in supporting industry and intervening on behalf of industry.

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How was the American Federation of Labor different from the Knights of Labor quizlet?

What were the major philosophical differences between the Knights of Labor the American Federation of Labor and the Industrial workers of the World?

Which of the following is a similarity between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor quizlet?

How were the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor similar at the beginning?