The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the: lamina The vertebral body and the vertebral
arch surround a space called the: vertebral foramen How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column? 24 How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column? 24 What is the centralray 25 degrees cephalad What is the centralray 30 to 35 degrees
cephalad An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed: scoliosis An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed: scoliosis Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine? joints farthest from the IR joints closest to the IR both joints equally demonstrated the L1 to L4 joints closest to the IR Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine? joints closest
to the IR Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the AP Which of the following is the essential projection
used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the AP oblique, RPO and LPO position What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection? Lumbar zygapophyseal joints
What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection? Intervertebral foramina Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint? 1 and 2 Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint? 1 and 3 Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve? 1 and 2 Which
of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve? 1 and 3 Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1 2 inches posterior to the ASIS 3 inches posterior to the ASIS 2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest 1.5 inches posterior to the ASIS and 2 inches inferior to the
iliac crest Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1 2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the: 1 and 2 Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the: 2 and 3 Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine? L2 Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine? the iliac crests Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline of horizontal
plane Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline of midcoronal plane Which vertebral process projects posteriorly
from the junction of the laminae and pedicles? spinous process Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles? spinous process Where does
the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction at the pubic symphysis 1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis 3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis at the level of the ASISs Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction 1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint? midcoronal plane midsagittal plane longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS longitudinal plane 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint? longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts: 1 and 2 A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts: 1 and 3 Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column? 1 and 2 Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column? 1, 2, and 3 Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog”? 1 and 2 Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog”? 2 and 3 How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction? extended How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction? extended The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is: 10 degrees caudad The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is: 10 degrees caudad If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled: 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—cephalad 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad 8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—cephalad 8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—caudad If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled: 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the: costovertebral joints The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the: zygapophyseal joints The centralray 0 degrees The centralray 0 degrees Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum? 2 inches at the pubic symphysis Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum? 2 inches superior to the
pubic symphysis When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves? 2 When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves? 4 Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx? at the pubic symphysis 1 inch inferior to the pubic symphysis 2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis 3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx? 2 inches
superior to the pubic symphysis The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the: transverse process The part of the lamina that lies between the
superior and inferior articular processes is called the: pars interarticularis Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine? L2 Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine? the
iliac crests To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is: 30 degrees To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is: 45 degrees Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for 1 and 2 Which of the following should be performed to reduce the
lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for 1 and 2 Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a 10 degrees caudad Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a 15 degrees caudad Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral
column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly. arches Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly. lamina The centralray 10 degrees caudad The centralray 15 degrees cephalad The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the: sacroiliac
joint The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the: sacroiliac joint The centralray 0 degrees The centralray 0 degrees Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve? 1 and 2 Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve? 1 and 3 Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a 10 degrees caudad Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a 15 degrees caudad The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the: lamina The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the: vertebral foramen The centralray 10 degrees caudad The centralray 15 degrees cephalad The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the: sacroiliac joint The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the: sacroiliac joint The centralray 0 degrees The centralray 0 degrees Which of the following vertebral areas have a
lordotic curve? 1 and 2 Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve? 1 and 3 How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column? 7 How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column? 24 Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? second cervical vertebra Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? fourth cervical vertebra Which of the following methods uses a "chewing motion" of the
mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine Ottonello Which of the following methods uses a "chewing motion" of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine Ottonello The vertebral
foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the: 1 and 2 The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the: 1 and 3 How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra? 1 How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra? 3 The Grandy method is a(n): lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region AP/PA thoracolumbar spine lateral thoracolumbar spine The Grandy method is a(n): lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine? second cervical vertebra Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine? fourth cervical vertebra The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the: transverse foramen The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the: transverse foramen The first cervical vertebra is called the: axis The first cervical vertebra is called the: atlas Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis? glabellomeatal line Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis? a line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection? AP The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection? lateral The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches? 40 inches The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches? 60 to 72 inches What is the centralray 0 degrees What is the centralray 0 degrees How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? 45 degrees How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? 45 degrees How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? 30 degrees How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? 45 degrees Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? those farthest from the IR Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? those farthest from the IR Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? those closest to the IR Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? those closest to the IR According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervical affixed to the elbows According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervical affixed to the wrists Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch? cervical Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch? cervical According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open: laterally 45 degrees anteriorly 70 degrees anteriorly 45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open: 45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly What is the centralray 15 degrees cephalad What is the centralray 15 to 20 degrees cephalad Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum? Grandy Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum? Fuchs Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine? second cervical vertebra Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine? fourth cervical vertebra The centralray 10 degrees cephalad The centralray 15 to 20 degrees cephalad When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region
lateral 0 degrees When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateral 3 to 5 degrees caudad Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine? second cervical vertebra Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine? fourth cervical vertebra The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is: full expiration The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is: full expiration What is the centralray 45 degrees cephalad What is the centralray 15 to 20 degrees caudad Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection? 1 Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection? 2 swimmer’s technique For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure? lateral cervical vertebrae For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure? AP "open mouth" atlas and axis The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections? 1 and 2 The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections? 2 and 3 The "vertebra prominens" is the name given to the: First cervical vertebra The "vertebra prominens" is the name given to the: Seventh cervical vertebra A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries and on the transverse process A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries and on the transverse process The second cervical vertebra is called the: dens The second cervical vertebra is called the: axis What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? 48 inches What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? 60 to 72 inches Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the
neck. Which projection of the cervical AP axial PA axial oblique AP axial oblique dorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervical dorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis? to the "Adam’s apple" Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis? second cervical vertebra Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervical 1 and 3 Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervical 1, 2, and 3 According to
the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the move anteriorly According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the move posteriorly What is the centralray 0 degrees What is the centralray 0 degrees Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’s sixth cervical vertebra Where is the IR centered for the lateral
projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’s at the C7T1 interspace A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts: 1 and 2 A typical vertebra is composed
of which main parts: 1 and 3 How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the 30 degrees How much is the
body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the 20 degrees What do the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with? each other What do the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with? head of ribs How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulation 7 How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave
facet on the transverse process, for articulation 10 The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of a Pedicles The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of a Transverse process Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process? T1T3 Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process? T1T10 How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine? center the anterior half to the center of the grid center the posterior half to the center of the grid center the midcoronal plane to the center of the grid center the midsagittal plane to the center of the grid How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine? center the posterior half to the center of the grid What is the centralray 0 degrees What is the centralray 0 degrees Which of
the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral 1 Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral 2 According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the move anteriorly According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the move anteriorly The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the 45 degrees The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the 90 degrees A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of spinous process A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of transverse process Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xray toward the head
Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xray toward the feet Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve? 1 and 2 Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve? 1 and 3 If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray may 5 degrees caudad If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray may 10 to 15 degrees cephalad The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection? AP The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection? Lateral The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the 45 degrees The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the 70 to 75 degrees The "vertebra prominens" is a name given to the: First Cervical Vertebra The "vertebra prominens" is a name given to the: Seventh Cervical Vertebra According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracic Demifacets According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and
lumbar vertebrae because thoracic Demifacets Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine? over the head at the sides at right angles to the long axis of the body variable, depending on body habitus Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine? at right angles to the long axis of the body When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region 0 degrees When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region 3 to 5 degrees caudad According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter? AP Thoracic Spine According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter? Lateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique) According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing a underexposed According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing a underexposed Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine? level of T5 Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine? level of T7 Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracic 1 and 2 Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracic 2 and 3 Which of the following
should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an AP 1 and 2 Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an AP 1 and 2 Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae? 1 inch above the shoulders
Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae? 1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders What is the centralray 10 to 20 degrees cephalad What is the centralray 30 to 40 degrees caudad Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images? 1 only Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images? 2 only The gallbladder functions to: produce and secrete bile The gallbladder functions to: store and concentrate bile Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of the 1 and 2 Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of the 2 and 3 Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon? 1 and 2 Which projections will
clearly demonstrate the descending colon? 1 and 2 The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include: 1 and 2 The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include: 2 and 3 What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the AP, LAO What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the PA, RAO What is the length of the large intestine? 3 feet What is the length of the large intestine? 5 feet Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of the 1 and 2 Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of the 1 and 3 Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure? PA oblique,
RAO Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure? PA oblique, RAO Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series? 1 and 2 Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series? 1, 2, and 3 Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema? Sims Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema? Sims The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen. LUQ The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen. LUQ Functions of the stomach include: 1 and 2 Functions of the stomach include: 1 and 3 The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is cecum The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is cecum One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is: elimination of motion speed of the examination production of a
highcontrast production of a highresolution One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is: elimination of motion Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces? PA Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces? lateral Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach? PA Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach? AP oblique, LPO Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? AP axial Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? PA oblique, LAO Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal? 1 anus 1 and 2 Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal? 1 anus 1, 2, and 3 What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? 20 degrees What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? 35 to 40 degrees For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical? sthenic For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical? asthenic Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine? 1 and 2 Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine? 1 and 2 The main functions of the small bowel are: 1 and 2 The main functions of the small bowel are: 1 and 2 The main functions of the large intestine are: 1 and
2 The main functions of the large intestine are: 2 and 3 According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema? 12 inches According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema? 18 to 24 inches The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is: 20 degrees The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is: 35 to 45 degrees Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the
gastrointestinal tract? 1 and 2 Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract? 1, 2, and 3 The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called: respiration The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called: peristalsis What is the length of the average adult small intestine? 10 feet What is the length of the average adult small intestine? 22 feet Which of the following
are components of the alimentary canal? 1 and 2 Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal? 1 and 2 What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines? inspiration What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines? expiration During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot" 1 and 2 During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum
under fluoroscopic control. "Spot" 1 and 3 Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the AP oblique, RPO Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the AP, right lateral decubitus The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the: cecum The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the: cecum The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the: left colic flexure The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the: right colic flexure The largest gland in the body is the: liver The largest gland in the body is the: liver The most distal portion of the small intestine is the: ileum The most distal portion of the small intestine is the: ileum Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile? PA Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile? PA oblique, RAO The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the: pyloric portion The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the: duodenojejunal flexure For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal? sthenic For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal? hypersthenic The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is: air The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is: barium sulfate Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure? 1 and 2 Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure? 2 and 3 Which of the following describes the function of the spleen? 1 and 2 Which of the following describes the function of the
spleen? 2 and 3 The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the: ileocecal valve The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the: ileocecal valve Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area? 1 and 2 Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area? 1, 2, and 3 The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to: produce and secrete bile The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to: produce and secrete digestive juice A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed: cholangiography A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed: cholangiography Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation? PA Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation? AP, Trendelenburg's position The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the: ascending colon The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the: descending colon Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver? epigastrium and left hypochondrium Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver? right hypochondrium and epigastrium The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions? 3 The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions? 3 Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and the AP oblique, RPO Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and the AP, left lateral decubitus Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon? PA oblique, RAO Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon? PA oblique, RAO The space between each of the ribs is called the: costal cartilage The space between each of the ribs is called the: intercostal spaces Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only? 1 to 7 Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only? 11 and 12 How many ribs attach directly to the sternum? 5 How many ribs attach directly to the sternum? 7 For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body? sthenic For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body? hypersthenic The approximate length of the sternum is: 3 inches The approximate length of the sternum is: 6 inches Which part of the sternum is most inferior? Manubrium Which part of the sternum is most inferior? Xiphoid process Which ribs are called the false ribs? 1 to 7 Which ribs are called the false ribs? 8 to 12 Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum? fifth thoracic vertebra Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum? seventh thoracic vertebra Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum? 1 and 2 Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum? 2 and 3 How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upper 1
inch How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upper 1.5 inches Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)? at the xiphoid at the ASIS inches above the crest of the ilium at the iliac crest Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)? at the iliac crest What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum? Suspend at expiration Suspend at inspiration Slow, shallow breathing Suspend respiration What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum? Suspend at inspiration How
are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away from palm of the hands against the hips palm of the hands against the midthigh back of the hands against the hips back of the hands against the midthigh How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away
from palm of the hands against the hips How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum? Top of the IR is at C7T1 Top of the IR is at T3 Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notch Top of the IR is 2 inches above the jugular notch How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum? Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notch Which ribs are called the true ribs? 1 to 7 Which ribs are called the true ribs? 1 to 7 Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examining Suspended at full inspiration Which of the
following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examining Suspended at full inspiration How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (body 10 degrees How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (body 10 to 15 degrees The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus? sthenic The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus? hypersthenic How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs? 30 degrees How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs? 45 degrees Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patient AP projection Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patient AP projection, LPO Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification? 48 inches Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification? 72 inches How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations? on the left side on the right side with the forehead and nose on the table with the midsagittal plane vertical How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations? with the midsagittal plane vertical Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum? locked behind the back straight down at the side locked above the head back of the hands against the thighs Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum? locked behind the back Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs? at the level of T1 1 inch above the upper border of the shoulder 1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder 2 inches above the upper border of the shoulder Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs? 1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to the 1 inch lower Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to the 3 to 5 inches lower The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs? 6 The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs? 24 Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum? AP, supine Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum? PA oblique, RAO The centralray 5 degrees caudad The centralray Perpendicular The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the: body The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the: jugular notch When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclavicular both joints are demonstrated the joint closest to the IR the joint farthest from the IR both joints—but varies depending on body habitus
When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclavicular the joint closest to the IR The centralray 5 degrees cephalad The centralray perpendicular What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm? Suspended
respiration What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm? Suspend at full expiration What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the
posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of the 30 inches What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of the 30 inches Which joints articulate with a
vertebra? 1 and 2 Which joints articulate with a vertebra? 1 and 2 The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is: suspend at expiration The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is: suspend at expiration Which of the
following form the bony thorax? 1 and 2 Which of the following form the bony thorax? 1, 2, and 3
To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of the Suspended at inspiration To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of the Suspended at expiration What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs? suspend at full expiration What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs? suspend at full inspiration Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs? Oblique Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs? Oblique Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart? PA oblique, RAO Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart? PA oblique, RAO The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is: 0 degrees The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is: 0 degrees Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints? second thoracic vertebra Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints? third thoracic vertebra How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum? 10 degrees How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum? 15 to 20 degrees Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones? hyoid Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones? sagittal Which line should be placed
parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranial acanthiomeatal line Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranial infraorbitomeatal line Which parts of the patient's face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)? 1 and 2 Which parts of the patient's face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)? 1 and 2 How many degrees and in which direction should the centralray 15 degrees cephalad How many degrees and in which direction
should the centralray 25 degrees cephalad Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull? sagittal Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull? midsagittal Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthird Towne Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthird Caldwell All of the following are cranial bones except the: maxillae All of the following are cranial bones except the: maxillae If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial acanthiomeatal
line If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial infraorbitomeatal line The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is: 1 inch below the EAM The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is: 2 inches above the EAM Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium? 1 and 2 Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium? 1, 2, and 3 For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the: mentomeatal line For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the: infraorbitomeatal line The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant's skull are called the: sulci The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant's skull are called the: fontanels If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection of 15 degrees caudad If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an
AP axial (Towne) projection of 37 degrees caudad Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull? 1 and
2 Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull? 1 and 2 The centralray 5 degrees cephalad The centralray 15 degrees caudad Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine? temporal Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine? occipital The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called: joints The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called: sutures How many bones make up the cranium? 4 How many bones make up the cranium? 8 The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone? temporal The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone? occipital Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing? temporal Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing? temporal Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne) orbitomeatal line Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne) orbitomeatal line Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method? Haas Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method? Schüller How many degrees and in which direction should the centralray 15 degrees cephalad How many degrees and in which direction should the centralray 15 degrees caudad Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwell 10 degrees caudad Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwell 15 degrees cephalad What is the average centralray 25 degrees caudad What is the average centralray 25 degrees cephalad Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones? sagittal Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones? coronal Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposed 1 and 2 Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposed 1, 2, and 3 The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the: lambdoidal The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the: lambdoidal What is the centralray 0 degrees What is the centralray 0 degrees When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true? IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassette When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true? IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassette Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial 1 dorsum sellae 1 and
2 Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial 1 dorsum sellae 1 and 3 What are the two components of a nephron? Renal corpuscle and renal capsule What are the two components of a nephron? Renal tubule and renal corpuscle What is the trigone? The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings The area between the calyces of the kidneys and the medulla The outer covering of the kidneys The junction of the ureter and the urethra What is the trigone? The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include: 1. Suprapubic catheter 1 and 2 only Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include: 1. Suprapubic catheter 1 and 2 only IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except: Urolithiasis IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except: Post-lithotripsy for kidney function What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient? 10- to 15-degree posterior oblique What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient? 35- to 40-degree posterior oblique Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position? Right Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position? Left The vaginal end of the uterus is the: Fundus The vaginal end of the uterus is the: Cervix The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the: Ejaculatory duct The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the: Ejaculatory duct Hysterosalpingography may be performed to: Determine size, shape, and position of the uterus and uterine tubes Delineate lesions such as polyps, submucous tumor masses, or fistulous tracts Investigate patency of the uterine tubes in patients who are unable to conceive
Hysterosalpingography may be performed to: All of the above Where should the center of the IRB position for the open mouth AP projection of the atlas and axis?Vertebral Column. Which landmarks are aligned for the AP projection in the open mouth position?Which two landmarks must be aligned for an AP "open mouth" projection. The lower margin of upper incisors and the base of the skull. What is the purpose of the 15 to 20 degree angle for the AP axial projection of the cervical spine? To open the intervertebral disk space.
Where should the central ray be centered on the patient for the AP projection of the lumbosacral vertebrae?For an AP projection of the lumbar spine, the patient is supine on the table, with their hips and knees flexed to eliminate the normal physiologic lumbar lordosis. The CR is directed vertically to the center of the abdomen at the level of the iliac crests.
What is the proper central ray angulation for an AP projection of the cervical vertebrae?When performing an AP axial projection of the cervical spine, the central ray should be angled 15-20 degrees cephalad. Because the central ray should pass through C4, and because there is a cephalic angulation of the beam, the central ray should enter inferior to the level where it exits.
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Where is the central ray directed for an open mouth AP projection of the atlas and axis?
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