Which components distinguishes information systems from information technology?

Management Information Systems—MIS vs. Information Technology—IT: An Overview

Management information system (MIS) refers to a large infrastructure used by a business or corporation, whereas information technology (IT) is one component of that infrastructure that is used for collecting and transmitting data.

A management information system helps a business make decisions and coordinate and analyze information. Information Technology supports and facilitates the employment of that system.

For example, IT could be a particular interface that helps users input data into a corporate MIS operation. However, that isn't to say that the scope of IT is narrow. In some ways, IT is a broader field than MIS. The particular goals of a particular IT application can fit neatly into a larger MIS framework; however, the reverse is not necessarily true.

Management Information System

In terms of business decision-making, an information system (IS) is a set of data, computing devices, and management methods that support routine company operations. A management information system (MIS) is a specific subset of IS.

A management information system, as used by a company or institution, might be a computerized system consisting of hardware and software that serves as the backbone of information for the company. Specifically, the computerized database may house all the company's financial information and organize it in such a way that it can be accessed to generate reports on operations at different levels of the company.

An analysis of MIS data could reveal how to utilize internal and external information better. It might help a business better implement a new social media strategy or better organize employee benefits. It might instead highlight that a company's use of IT is outdated or poorly applied.

Much like IT professionals, MIS specialists tend to spend a lot of time troubleshooting, adjusting software, or supporting less technologically savvy associates.

Information Technology

By definition, information technology (IT) is the technology that involves the development, maintenance and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data.

Put more simply, the most encompassing interpretation of information technology would be anything related to computers or computing technology. Computing technology includes hardware, software, networking, and internet interactions.

A company with an excellent IT framework or one that employs excellent IT technicians finds it easier to build, adjust, and deploy a management information system.

Even though IT can (and must) be directed toward specific ends, its general scope is unfocused outside of computing processes. Conversely, MIS begins with a focused purpose; it addresses the needs of business management. IT supports and informs the methods of reaching MIS objectives.

Key Takeaways

• A management information system (MIS) is a large structure that exists to support management and assist it in making informed and strategic decisions.
• Information technology (IT) is one component of that infrastructure that is used for collecting and transmitting data.
• IT is typically related to computers or computing technology.
• IT supports and informs the methods of reaching MIS goals and objectives.

1- How are information systems transforming business and what is their relationship to globalization? 

E-mail, online conferencing, and cell phones have become essential tools for conducting business. Information systems are the foundation of fast-paced supply chains. The internet allows many businesses to buy, sell, advertise, and solicit customer feedback online. Organizations are trying to become more competitive and efficient by digitally enabling their core business processes and evolving into digital firms. The Internet has stimulated globalization by dramatically reducing the costs of producing, buying, and selling goods on a global scale. New information system trends include the emerging mobile digital platform, online software as a service, and cloud computing.

l   Describe how information systems have changed the way businesses operate and their    products and services.

n   Increase in wireless technology use, Web sites

n   Shifts in media and advertising

n   New federal security and accounting laws

l   Identify three major new information system trends.              

Information system: Three activities produce information organizations need

n   Input: Captures raw data from organization or external environment

n   Processing: Converts raw data into meaningful form

n   Output: Transfers processed information to people or activities that use it

 l   Describe the characteristics of a digital firm.

•    In the emerging, fully digital firm

      –    Significant business relationships are digitally enabled and mediate

      –    Core business processes are accomplished through digital networks

      –    Key corporate assets are managed digitally

•    Digital firms offer greater flexibility in organization and management

       –    Time shifting, space shifting

l   Describe the challenges and opportunities of globalization in a “flattened” world.

Globalization opportunities

n   Internet has drastically reduced costs of operating on global scale

n   Presents both challenges and opportunities

2-Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today? List and describe six reasons why information systems are so important for business today?

Information systems are a foundation for conducting business today. In many industries, survival and even existence is difficult without extensive use of information technology.

Businesses today use information systems to achieve 6 major objectives:
1. Operational excellence
2. New products, services, and business models
3. Customer/supplier intimacy
4. Improved decision making
5. Competitive advantage
6. Day-to-day survival

  3-What exactly is an information system? How does it work? What are its management, organization and technology components?

*Define an information system and describe the activities it performs.

The textbook defines an information system as a set of interrelated components that

work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support

decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.

In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information

systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex

subjects, and create new products

*List and describe the organizational, management, and technology dimensions of information systems.

Organization: The organization dimension of information systems involves issues

such as the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes,

culture, and political interest groups.

Management: The management dimension of information systems involves issues

such as training, job attitudes, and management behavior.

Technology: The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software,

data management technology, and networking/telecommunications technology.

*Distinguish between data and information and between information systems literacy and computer literacy.

Data are streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the

physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that

people can understand and use.

Information is data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to

human beings.

Information literacy is more concerned with creating information useful to an

organization and its employees, whereas computer literacy addresses the simple use

of computers. As technology uses spread beyond traditional computers, information

literacy enables employees and organizations to gain an edge over their competition

Explain how the Internet and the World Wide Web are related to the other technology components of information systems.

The World Wide Web is a service provided by the Internet that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a page format on the Internet. Web pages contain text, graphics, animations, sound, and video and are linked to other Web pages. The Internet and World Wide Web have had a tremendous impact on the role information systems play in organizations. These two tools are responsible for the increased connectivity and collaboration within and outside the organization. The Internet, World Wide Web, and other technologies have led to the redesign and reshaping of organizations. They have helped transform the organization’s structure, scope of operations, reporting and control mechanisms, work practices, work flows, and products and services.

4- What are complementary assets? Why are complementary assets essential for ensuring that information systems provide genuine value for an organization?

Define complementary assets and describe their relationship to information technology.

Complementary assets are assets infrastructure or capabilities needed to support the successful commercialization and marketing of a technological innovation other than those assets fundamentally associated with innovation. Also complementary assets are those assets required   to derive value from a primary investment. Companies must supportive values and structures to get higher value from the investments. And value must be added through complementary assets such as new business processes, training and organizational culture.

 Describe the complementary social, managerial, and organizational assets required to optimize returns from information technology investments.

Social assets:

  #The internet and telecommunications infrastructure

#IT-enriched educational programs raising labour force computer literacy

# Standards(both government and private sector)

 #Technology and service firms in adjacent market to assist implementation 

Managerial assets :

#Strong senior management support for technology investment and change

#Incentives for management innovation

#Teamwork and collaborative work environments

#Management culture that values flexibility and knowledge-based decision making

 Organizational assets:

 #Supportive culture that values efficiency and effectiveness

         # Appropriate business model

        # Efficient business processes

        #Decentralized authority

       #Distributed  decision- making rights

What academic disciplines are used to study information systems? How does each contribute to an understanding of information systems? What is a socio technical systems perspective?

List and describe each discipline that contributes to a technical approach to information systems.

A technical approach  mathematically-based models to study information systems and the physical technology  and formal capabilities of information systems. Students should know the differences between computer science ,computation methods,  data storage and access methods), management science and operations research.

List and describe each discipline that contributes to a behavioral approach to information systems.

 There are many A behavioral approach to information systems  that focuses on  for example strategic business integration, behavioral problems of systems utilization, system design and implementation, social and organizational impacts of information systems, political impacts of information systems, and individual responses to information systems. Solutions to problems created by information technology are primarily changes in attitudes, management and organizational policy

 Describe the socio technical perspective on information systems.

   The  technical approach and  behavior approach are combined by  socio technical perspective to achieve optimal  organizational performance. Technology must be changed to fit  organizational and individual needs .And  also they must change by  training, learning, and allowing technology to operate and success

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What distinguishes information systems from information technology?

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