Bentham considered only quantity of pleasure, but Mill considered both quantity and quality of pleasure. Show Bentham's made no distinction between the pleasures experienced by beasts and those experienced by humans. Mill considered both quantity and quality pleasure. Mill distinguished between higher pleasures (those that require mental faculties that only educated humans could obtain) and lower pleasures (bodily pleasures that both animals and humans could experience). For Mill, higher pleasures are more valuable than lower pleasures, because of their "intrinsic superiority". Bentham's theory was act utilitarianism, but Mill's was rule utilitarianism. Both act and rule utilitarianism are founded on the principle that to do good is to maximise the greatest utility. However, there are different ways of putting this principle into practice in normal life. Consider the following example. There is a rich man down your road with buckets of money and just next door an orphanage that is running out of money. You see that the rich man has gone away for a weekend and left some of the buckets of money on their front garden. You now have the option to leave the money there or take it and donate it to the orphanage. The act utilitarian in this specific case will be concerned only with how their actions can maximise the greatest utility. Accordingly, assuming that the harm done to the rich man is not that great (he already has a great amount of money so will not notice a small portion of it going missing) and that the money would greatly benefit the children at the orphanage then according to the utilitarian calculus the right action is to take the money and give it to the orphanage. The implication of this is that in certain situations stealing are not just permissible but the right thing to do. However, as some point out, more often than not stealing is not the right thing to do according to the utilitarian calculus and, further, it is impossible to always be able to calculate the best action in specific circumstances. Because of this, some (such as J.S. Mill) argue that the utilitarian calculus and principle of maximising utility should be used to create rules of morality instead of guide individual action. So, as more often than not stealing does not maximise utility, one rule that can be implemented is that stealing is bad. The same may be said for murder, assault or rape. As in all these cases the action more often than not causes more harm then good, we can create a rule that "murder is wrong" and conclude that one should not murder.The key difference between act and rule utilitarianism then is that act utilitarianism is concerned with using the utilitarian calculus to guide specific action and rule utilitarianism uses the utilitarian calculus to develop rules or guidelines that individuals must follow to do the right thing. One issue with the rule utilitarian approach is that following rules may not always maximise utility. For example, if murder is wrong but someone has come to your door saying they are going to kill five people in your house unless you kill them, there is a strong case to say that under the utilitarian calculus the right thing to do is kill them. That which the act utilitarian would say is right. In this way, it may be argues that rule utilitarianism is more similar to deontological ethics which relies on rules of morality to determine how one should act. Purchase a PDFPurchase this article for $39.00 USD. How does it work?
journal article Act vs. Rule-UtilitarianismMind New Series, Vol. 82, No. 326 (Apr., 1973) , pp. 226-233 (8 pages) Published By: Oxford University Press https://www.jstor.org/stable/2252775 Read and download Log in through your school or library Purchase article $39.00 - Download now and later Journal Information Tables of contents for recent issues of Mind are available at http://www3.oup.co.uk/mind/contents . Authorized users may be able to access the full text articles at this site. Mind has long been the leading journal in philosophy. For well over 100 years it has presented the best of cutting edge thought in epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of language, philosophy of logic, and philosophy of mind. Publisher Information Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. OUP is the world's largest university press with the widest global presence. It currently publishes more than 6,000 new publications a year, has offices in around fifty countries, and employs more than 5,500 people worldwide. It has become familiar to millions through a diverse publishing program that includes scholarly works in all academic disciplines, bibles, music, school and college textbooks, business books, dictionaries and reference books, and academic journals. Rights & Usage This
item is part of a JSTOR Collection. What is the difference between act and rule utilitarianism quizlet?Act utilitarianism beliefs that an action becomes morally right when it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people, while Rule utilitarianism beliefs that the moral correctness of an action depends on the correctness of the rules that allows it to achieve the greatest good.
What is the difference between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism example?A key point in this article concerns the distinction between individual actions and types of actions. Act utilitarians focus on the effects of individual actions (such as John Wilkes Booth's assassination of Abraham Lincoln) while rule utilitarians focus on the effects of types of actions (such as killing or stealing).
What are act and rule utilitarianism have in common?Similarities Between Act and Rule Utilitarianism
Both determine the moral significance of an action by its outcome. They reflect on the consequences or usefulness of an action to a majority of the people, which is the core element of utilitarianism.
What is the best definition of rule utilitarianism?Rule utilitarianism is a form of utilitarianism that says an action is right as it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good, or that "the rightness or wrongness of a particular action is a function of the correctness of the rule of which it is an instance".
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Which of the following best explains the difference between act and rule utilitarianism?
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