Which of the following involves thoughts feelings and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people?

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self-understanding

the child's cognitive representation of self, the substance and content of the child's self-conceptions

moral development

development that involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people

heteronomous morality

the first stage of moral development in Piaget's theory, occurring from approximately 4 to 7 years of age; justice and rules are conceived as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people

autonomous morality

in Piaget's theory, older children (about 10 years of age) become aware that rules and laws are created by people and that in judging an action should consider the actor's intentions as well as the consequences

immanent justice

the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately

conscience

an internal regulation of standards of right and wrong that involves integrating moral thought, feeling, and behavior

gender identity

the sense of being male or female, which most children acquire by the time they are 3 years old

gender role

a set of expectations that prescribes how females or males should think, act, and feel

gender typing

acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

social role theory

a theory that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of men and women

psychoanalytic theory of gender

a theory deriving from Freud's view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent, by approximately 5 or 6 years of age renounces this attraction because of anxious feelings, and subsequently identifies with the same-sex parent, unconsciously adopting the same-sex parent's characteristics

social cognitive theory of gender

a theory emphasizing that children's gender development occurs through the observation and imitation of gender behavior and through the rewards and punishments children experience for gender-appropriate and gender-innapropriate behavior

gender schema theory

the theory that gender typing emerges as children develop gender schemas of their culture's gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior

authoritarian parenting

a restrictive, punitive style in which parents exhort the child to follow their directions and to respect their work and effort; places firm limits and controls on the child and allows little verbal exchange; associated with children's social incompetence

authoritative parenting

a parenting style in which parents encourage their children to be independent but still place limits and controls on their actions; extensive verbal give-and-take is allowed, and parents are warm and nurturing toward the child; associated with children's social competence

neglectful parenting

a style of parenting in which the parent is uninvolved in the child's life; it is associated with children's social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control

indulgent parenting

a style of parenting in which parents are highly involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them; is associated with children's social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control

coparenting

support parents provide for each other in jointly raising their children

sensorimotor play

behavior engaged in by infants that lets them derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemas

practice play

play that involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports

pretense/symbolic play

play in which the child transforms the physical environment into a symbol

social play

play that involves social interactions with peers

constructive play

play that combines sensorimotor and repetitive activity with symbolic representation of ideas; occurs when children engage in self-regulated creation or construction of a product or solution

games

activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules and often competition with one or more individuals

What is responding to another person's feelings with an emotion that echoes the other's feelings?

Which of the following terms refers to responding to another person's feelings with an emotion that echoes the other's feelings? empathy.

Which statement best describes the explanation given by the social cognitive theory of gender?

Which statement best describes the explanation given by the social cognitive theory of gender? Children learn expected gender behaviors through rewards and punishments, as well as through observation and imitation of models.

Which parenting style is demanding and controlling while being accepting and responsive?

Authoritative Parenting Authoritative parents are high on control and demandingness, and also high on responsiveness and warmth. They set clear standards for their children but accept “a reciprocal responsibility to be as responsive as possible to their children's reasonable demands and points of views” [3, p. 46].

Which of the following provides males and females with a framework of how they should think act and feel?

gender. A gender is a set of expectations that prescribes how females or males should think, act, and feel.