Which of the following is a defining feature of altruistic behavior quizlet?

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Which of the following is NOT a fitness benefit of grouping together with others of the same species?

-Predation risk may be reduced
-Foraging effectiveness may be increased
-Disease transmission may be increased
-Energy may be conserved by traveling together
-Group members may conserve heat

Disease transmission may be increased

Which of the following is the best definition of "altruism?"

-Any social behavior exhibited by an animal toward animals of the same or a different species
-Any social behavior exhibited by an animal toward others of its own species
-A helpful action that raises the fitness of other individuals at the expense of the helper's own fitness
-A helpful action that increases the increases the fitness of other individuals, whether or not it decreases the helper's fitness

A helpful action that raises the fitness of other individuals at the expense of the helper's own fitness

Which of the following best describes the "coefficient of relatedness?"

-Percentages of genes of two individuals that are being expressed at the same time
-Probability that two species will have the same mutations in genes that the two species have in common
-Percent similarity between two relatives in their DNA sequences
-Probability that two relatives will share the same allele through descent from a common ancestor

Probability that two relatives will share the same allele through descent from a common ancestor

Following is Hamilton's rule. A gene that influences altruistic behavior will spread by kin selection if:
B/C>1/r
What is B in this expression?

-The fitness benefit to the altruist of being helpful
-The benefit to the species in terms of increased survival
-The fitness benefit to the recipient of an altruistic act
-The benefit that the altruist experiences in terms of increased offspring production

The fitness benefit to the recipient of an altruistic act

Why is the question of whether animals can discriminate kin from non-kin related to the question of whether kin selection explains the evolution of altruism?

-The ability to recognize whether another animal is kin (even if they are unfamiliar or in an unfamiliar location) would be prerequisite for the evolution of altruism via kin selection
-If kin selection leads to altruism, then we would natural selection to favor the ability target altruism toward kin more effectively
-These are both interesting questions, but there is no reason that they have any connection with each other
-All of the above

If kin selection leads to altruism, then we would natural selection to favor the ability target altruism toward kin more effectively

Which of the following clichés best summarizes the "tit-for-tat" strategy for cooperative behavior?

-"Who's your daddy?"
-"Make him an offer he can't refuse"
-"You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours"
-"A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush"

"You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours"

In Belding's ground squirrels, how do scientists interpret the fact that squirrels giving alarm calls for aerial predators are less likely to be killed captured by the predators than are the non-callers?

-The caller is manipulating the predator into attacking non-callers
-The caller is warning the predator that it has already been seen and to call off the attack
-The caller is farthest from the predator, and so it is less likely to be targeted first
-The caller is nearest the predator and sees it first, so it has the best chance of escaping

The caller is nearest the predator and sees it first, so it has the best chance of escaping

Why do males in large coalitions, which cooperate in controlling access to a pride of females, have higher reproductive success than males that are in small coalitions or are alone, thus that don't have to share copulations with many other males?

-Males in large coalitions are always related to one another, and so gain fitness through kin selection
-Males in large coalitions increase the sexual motivation of females, so more matings occur
-Males in large coalitions are better able to take over a pride, and can hold it longer
-All of the above

Males in large coalitions are better able to take over a pride, and can hold it longer

In birds that show the phenomenon of "helping at the nest," scientists have shown that territories with more helpers produce more offspring. Why does this not prove that helping behavior leads to higher offspring production?

-Correlation vs causation: Maybe another variable, such as territory quality, explains both higher offspring production and the capacity of the territory to support additional helpers
-"Helping" implies foresight and planning, which birds do not have
-Helpers obviously are not benefiting by sticking around with other breeding individuals rather than breeding on their own, so the number of extra offspring produced is not relevant for understanding the adaptive significance of their behavior
-Correlation vs causation: Maybe the presence of more offspring attracts other birds that "pretend to help"

Correlation vs causation: Maybe another variable, such as territory quality, explains both higher offspring production and the capacity of the territory to support additional helpers

In some species, careful studies of the fitness consequences of helping have shown that kin selection cannot account for why helpers should gain an adaptive benefit from helping. So why should they help?

-The habitat available for breeding may be saturated, and so by helping they improve their chances of eventually getting a breeding territory
-There may be a shortage of available mates, and so by helping they improve their chances of eventually getting a mate
-Helpers may get a chance to practice their parenting skills, thus improving their long-term (lifetime) breeding success
-All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a defining feature of a "eusocial" cooperative group?

-Colonies with more than 1,000 individuals
-Overlap of generations
-Cooperative care of young
-Reproductive division of labor

Colonies with more than 1,000 individuals

Which of the following best defines a "haplodiploid" genetic system?

-Social individuals are diploid (arising from a fertilized egg); solitary individuals are haploid (arising from an unfertilized egg)
-Females are haploid (arising from an unfertilized egg); males are diploid (arising from a fertilized egg)
-Males are haploid (arising from an unfertilized egg); females are diploid (arising from a fertilized egg)
-Solitary individuals are diploid (arising from a fertilized egg); social individuals are haploid (arising from an unfertilized egg)

Males are haploid (arising from an unfertilized egg); females are diploid (arising from a fertilized egg)

What is the implication of "haploidiploidy" for the evolution of social behavior?

-For females, it makes it more genetically profitable to help their mother produce sisters than it is to produce their own offspring
-For males, it makes it more genetically profitable to help their mother produce brothers than it is to produce their own offspring
-For mothers it creates an incentive to manipulate their offspring into staying home and helping make more offspring, rather than to encourage their offspring to go off and mate on their own
-All of the above

For females, it makes it more genetically profitable to help their mother produce sisters than it is to produce their own offspring

Which of the following is defining feature of altruistic behavior?

Which of the following is the best definition of altruism quizlet?

Which of the following is not a reason people behave altruistically?

What term describes the motivation to help others without expectation of reward that often involves self denial or self sacrifice?